Invitation to Health 17th Edition Hales

Solutions Manual
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Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

Sexual Health

Learning Objectives

1. Describe women’s and men’s sexual health, their sexual anatomy, and the role of
sex hormones in the development of gender identities.
2. Specify the aspects of healthy sexual relationships that lead individuals toward
responsible sexuality.
3. Summarize the sexual practices that are followed by college students.
4. Discuss sexual diversity in human beings.
5. Outline the eight major types of sexual activity in individuals.
6. Describe the four sequences of sexual response in individuals.
7. Comment on sexual dysfunctions and the ways to mitigate them in men and
women.
8. Explain the three types of atypical sexual behavior in men and women.

Chapter Summary

Sexual responsibility means learning about your body, your partner’s body, your sexual
development and preferences, and the health risks associated with sexual activity. This
chapter introduces the sexual self and explores sexual issues in today’s world. It provides
the information and insight you need to make responsible decisions and behaviors all
concerned.

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

Lecture Outline

I. Human Sexuality
A. Definitions
1. Human sexuality is the quality of being sexual.
2. Sex is our biological maleness or femaleness.
3. Sexual intimacy is physical closeness.
4. Sexual health is a state of optimal well-being related to sexuality throughout the
lifespan.
B. Sexuality and the Dimensions of Health
1. Physical
2. Emotional
3. Social
4. Intellectual
5. Spiritual
6. Environmental
C. Becoming Male or Female
1. Are You an X or a Y?
2. How Hormones Work
3. Sexual and Gender Identity
II. Women’s Sexual Health
A. Female Sexual Anatomy
1. The Menstrual Cycle
a. Premenstrual Syndrome
b. Treatments
c. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
d. Menstrual Cramps
e. Amenorrhea
f. Toxic Shock Syndrome
B. Men’s Sexual Health
1. Male Sexual Anatomy
a. The Penis
2. Circumcision
III. Responsible Sexuality
A. Creating a Sexually Healthy Relationship
B. Making Sexual Decisions
C. Saying No to Sex
IV. Sexual Behavior
A. Sexual Initiation: The First Time

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Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

B. Sex on Campus
C. Hooking Up
D. Friends with Benefits
E. Choosing Sexual Partners
F. Romantic Relationships
G. Ethnic Variations
V. Sex in America
A. Sexual Diversity
B. Heterosexuality
C. Bisexuality
D. Homosexuality
1. Roots of Homosexuality
2. Coming Out
3. Homosexuality on Campus
E. The Gender Spectrum
VI. Sexual Activity
A. Celibacy
B. Abstinence
C. Fantasy
D. Pornography
E. Masturbation
F. Nonpenetrative Sexual Activity (Outercourse)
G. Intercourse
H. Oral Sex
I. Anal Stimulation and Intercourse
J. Cultural Variations
VII. Sexual Response
A. Excitement
B. Plateau
C. Orgasm
D. Resolution
E. Other Models of Sexual Response
VIII. Sexual Concerns
A. Safer Sex
B. Sexual Difficulties and Dysfunction
1. Erectile Dysfunction (ED)
2. Orgasm Problems in Men
3. Female Sexual Dysfunction
C. Sex Therapy

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Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

D. Drugs and Sex

IX. Atypical Behavior
A. Sexual Addiction
B. Sexual Deviations
C. The Business of Sex

Discussion Questions
• Ask students to recount what they learned about being a boy or a girl. Ask students to
include examples of how they developed their own gender roles. Ask students who and
what influenced their gender role development, which may parents, peers, religion,
teachers, and media. Encourage them to think about both the positive and negative
influences and how these contributed to shaping who they are as a sexual being.
• As boys and girls begin to physically mature, there is often discomfort and confusion
between how they feel and how they are perceived by others as sexual beings. Discuss
these discrepancies and the impact they have on sexual development and self-
acceptance. How might one overcome these stereotypes as well as gain self-acceptance?
• Ask students how referring to the other gender as, “the opposite sex” affects our
perception of gender differences. How might it polarize our relationships?
• Ask students what the term “outercourse” refers to. Discuss forms of outercourse and
how it can (or can’t) be used: to prevent pregnancy, to protect against STDs, and/or for
moral or religious reasons. Is it safe against STDs?
• When should a couple consider seeking sex therapy? Why is there such a negative
stigma associated with such treatment? What are the advantages of meeting with a sex
therapist? Disadvantages? How might you feel if you or your partner had a sexual
dysfunction?
• Briefly discuss the interaction of hormones and their effect on the menstrual cycle.
Discuss why some men and women attribute certain behaviors to menstruation, e.g.,
moodiness and irritability. Is this possible? Why or why not? How do men’s and
women’s attitudes about menstruation differ?
• Discuss the changes that occur to men and women during the menopause transition for
women. Ask students how this change might affect their activities, expectations,
relationships, and sexuality. Is there a form of menopause for men?
• Why is the business of sex so popular and lucrative? How would you feel if you found
out your partner had had sex with a prostitute or male escort before you started dating
him/her? What if your partner frequented topless bars or male strip shows?

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

Classroom Activities

Activity #1: Understanding Our Bodies

Purpose:
1. To help students identify the purposes of female and male anatomy.
Time:
One class period
Introduction:
Introduce students to the male and female reproductive systems and discuss the
importance of understanding the functions of each of their activities.
Method:
1. Provide students with paper, clay, cotton balls, balloons, paper clips, and pipe filters
and have them form the male and female reproductive systems with the items you have
provided.
2. They may work in groups and use their books. However, you may want to have them
try this without using their books at first.
Discussion:
1. Why is it important to know the different parts of the reproductive system and the
functions of each?
2. How might this knowledge influence one’s sexual experiences? What about not
knowing this information?

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

Activity #2: Media Sex

Purpose:
1. To investigate promotion of sexuality in the media.
2. To assess students’ attitudes toward sexual roles portrayed in movies.
Time:
Two class periods
Method:
1. Arrange for your class to attend a movie together at a local theater, show a movie in
class, or suggest they view one over the course of the week.
2. Provide students with the following critical review questions to be answered after
watching the movie:
a. Brief description (overview of the movie).
b. Describe the lead characters. What values did the characters attribute to sex?
c. What was the underlying moral and/or philosophy depicted in the movie?
d. In what way(s) was the movie representative of American culture and
society?
e. In what way(s) was the movie not representative of American culture and
society?
f. How did the movie portray the leading female actors? Were there any sexual
stereotypes?
g. How did the movie portray the leading male actors? Were there any sexual
stereotypes?
h. In what way(s) were the lead characters similar and different from any people
you know in real life?
i. Do you think the lead characters would make good parents? Why or why
not?
j. Describe the audience in terms of sex, age, appearance, and response to the
movie.
k. How might such a movie be used as a teaching technique?

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
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Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

Activity #3: Sexual Health Assessment

Purpose:
1. To inventory your own sexual practices.
Time:
One-half to one whole class period
Method:
1. Take an inventory of your sexual history, including each partner and type of sexual
activity engaged in.
Discussion:
1. Were any of your sexual encounters unprotected or any behaviors considered risky in
terms of your health?
2. What are you going to do in the future to make better choices and protect your health?

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

References, Readings, and Resources

Books
Masters, William and Johnson, Virginia. Human Sexual Response. Ishi Press, 2010.
This is the bible of the sex revolution of the 1960s, to such an extent that one cannot say
whether this book caused the sex revolution or the sex revolution led to the creation of
this book.

Wider, Jennifer. The Doctor's Complete College Girls' Health Guide: From Sex to Drugs to the
Freshman 15. Bantam, 2006.
Destined to become a college girl’s best friend, this head-to-toe guide will keep you
physically, mentally, and emotionally healthy on the exciting journey to independence
and adulthood.

Johnson, Olive Skene. The Sexual Spectrum: Why We're All Different. Raincoast Books, 2007.
This fascinating book examines the myriad influences that shape our understanding of
human gender and sexuality. Drawing from scientific findings past and present and
from a wide range of personal experiences, Olive Skene Johnson explores questions
such as: Is sexual diversity new? Why do men and women think differently? Apart
from sexual preference, are homosexuals and heterosexuals different? Why do some
people change gender? Johnson’s clear, accessible, and entertaining answers provide a
wealth of information about a complicated subject.

Audiovisual Resources
Switch: A Community in Transition. DVD. New York: Films Media Group, 2009.
When someone changes his or her gender expression, who must make the greater
adjustment––the transgendered individual, or the surrounding community? This
program explores the impact of gender transition on friends, coworkers, and family
members as they react to a loved one’s “switch” and must now examine their attitudes
about sex roles in mainstream society as well as in their personal lives.

Real Life Teens: Sexual Responsibility. New York: Films Media Group, 2008.
After watching this video, viewers will have a better understanding of what sexual
responsibility means, as well as possible undesirable outcomes of reckless sexual
activity. Subjects covered include sexual activity in the teen years, the dangers of
unprotected sex, how sexually transmitted diseases spread, potential consequences of
having many sex partners, syphilis and HIV/AIDS, and emotional and monetary
ramifications of teen pregnancy.

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

Human Development and the Reproductive System. New York: Films Media Group, 2009.
This program traces the development of a human being from conception to full-term
fetus, with a focus on the functions of the male and female reproductive systems. The
three stages of development in the womb—pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal,
generated by the mechanisms of division, differentiation, morphogenesis, patterning,
and growth—are illustrated, after which there is a close examination of male and female
puberty, the maturation of the reproductive system and the beginning of human sexual
response.

Internet Resources
American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors, and Therapists
Website promoting the understanding of human sexuality and healthy sexual behavior.
http://www.aasect.org/

Museum of Menstruation
Information on the menstrual cycle.
http://www.mum.org

National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention

This site, sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), features current
information, fact sheets, conferences, media campaigns, publications, the 20-year history of
HIV/AIDS, information on prevention and treatment, an FAQ section, as well as the most
current HIV/AIDS statistics.
http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html

Association of Reproductive Health Professionals

This resource center focuses on human sexuality issues, including sexual health. Research
indicates that sex and sexuality issues are very important to the wellbeing and health of
individuals, yet many are unaware of the facts surrounding these issues. This resource center
covers sexual identity and orientation, sexual behavior, sex therapies, sexual violence and
harassment, and related issues.
http://www.arhp.org/Topics/Sex-and-Sexuality

Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States (SEICUS)

SIECUS affirms that sexuality is a fundamental part of being human, one that is worthy of
dignity and respect. We advocate for the right of all people to accurate information,
comprehensive education about sexuality, and sexual health services. SIECUS works to create
a world that ensures social justice and sexual rights.

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.
Instructor’s Manual – An Invitation to Health, 17e

http://www.siecus.org/index.cfm
Sexual Orientation: Science, Education, and Policy
Research that focuses on sexual orientation, anti-gay violence, homophobia, and other
concerns faced by gay men and lesbians.
http://psychology.ucdavis.edu/rainbow/index.html

The Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and Reproduction

Research, updates, and links on issues related to sexuality.
http://www.indiana.edu/~kinsey/

Answers to Selected MindTap Activities

Global Health Watch
1. a
2. a
3. used over time
Video Quiz
1. b
2. d
3. 350

© 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly
accessible website, in whole or in part.