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Q1 Which of the following provides an example of concomitant

hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
A Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension
B Enlargement of skeletal Muscle in athletics
C Uterine growth during pregnancy
D Endometrial hyperplasia in response to certain ovarian tumors

Q2 Which is true of squamous metaplasia in the respiratory epithelium?

A This indicates an irreversible tissue damage
B It may be due to the continuous inhalation of an irritant
C It may indicate a viral infection
D It may be part of an aging process

Q3 Biopsy of the bronchus of a chronic smoker frequently shows:

A Dystrophic Calcification
B Squamous metaplasia
C Atrophy of mucous glands in the bronchus
D Hyperplasia of the cilia on surface epithelium

Q4 A 19-year-old woman gives birth to her first child. She begins breast
feeding the infant. She continuous breast feeding for almost a year
with no difficulties and no complications. Which of the following
cellular processes that occurred in the breast during pregnancy
allowed her to nurse the infant for this period of time?
A Dysplasia
B Atrophy
C Metaplasia
D Hyperplasia

Q5 An example of cellular adaptation is:

A Release of cytokines
B Cell death by means of apoptosis
C Cellular atrophy as a result of decreased nutrient delivery
D Complete loss of cell membrane integrity

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Q6 Regarding hyperplasia which statement is correct
A It means increase in cell size
B It is seen in cardiac muscle in hypertensive patient
C It is limited to cell capable of mitotic division
D Complete removal of excess hormone triggers

Q7 Hypertrophy is best illustrated by:

A Myocardial cells in hypertensive patient
B The liver following partial resection
C The cervix with chronic inflammation
D Tracheal epithelium in smokers

Q8 Which of the following describes hyperplasia?

A Increase in the number of cells(mitosis) in an organ or tissue
B Decrease in the number of cells(mitosis) in an organ or tissue
C Increase in individual cell size in an organ or tissue
D Complete loss of cell membrane integrity

Q9 Which of the following describes metaplasia?

A Increase in the number of cells(mitosis) in an organ or tissue
B Decrease in the number of cells(mitosis) in an organ or tissue
C Increase in individual cell size in an organ or tissue
D Reversible change in which one adult cell is replaced by another adult
cell type

Q10 Which of the following isn’t a type of adaptation?

A Metaplasia
B Atrophy
C Hyperplasia
D Autophagy

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Q11 This caused by:

A Prostatic hyperplasia
B Prostatic Atrophy
C Hippophilia
D Viral infection

Q12 One of the following types of adaptation make fertile soil for
neoplastic formation:
A hyperplasia
B metaplasia
C hypertrophy
D Atrophy

Q13 All of the following are cell adaptations to stresses except:

A hypertrophy
B metaplasia
C hyperplasia
D reversible injury

Q14 A 43-year-old man has complained of mild burning substernal pain

following meals for the past 3 years. Upper GI endoscopy is
performed and biopsies are taken of an erythematous area of the
lower esophageal mucosa 3 cm above the gastroesophageal junction.
There is no mass lesion, no ulceration, and no hemorrhage noted.
The biopsies show the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet
cells. Which of the following mucosal alterations is most likely
represented by these findings?
A Dysplasia
B Carcinoma
C hyperplasia
D Metaplasia

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Q15 A 20-year-old woman had Goodpasture syndrome which progressed
to chronic renal failure. She is 165 cm tall and weighs 55 kg. She now
has blood pressure measurements in the range of 150/90 to 180/110
mm Hg but does not regularly take medications. Laboratory studies
show her blood urea nitrogen is over 100 mg/dL and she require
chronic dialysis. A chest x-ray shows an enlarged heart. The size of
her heart is most likely to be the result of which of the following
processes involving the myocardial fibers:
A hypertrophy
B metaplasia
C hyperplasia
D Fatty degeneration

Q16 A 71-year-old man has difficulty with urination. His urinary retention
leads to numerous trips to the restroom per day. On digital rectal
examination is prostate is diffusely enlarged. Which of the following
represents a pathologic change leading to this man's problem?
A Dysplasia
B Hypertrophy
C hyperplasia
D Metaplasia

Q17 A 38-year-old man incurs a traumatic blow to his upper left arm. He
continues to have pain and tenderness even after 3 months have
passed. A plain film radiograph reveals a 4 cm circumscribed mass in
the soft tissue adjacent to the humerus. The mass contains peripheral
areas of brightness on the x-ray. Over the next year this mass
gradually resolves. Which of the following terms best describes the
changes described?
A Dysplasia
B Hyperplasia
C Hypertrophy
D Metaplasia

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Q18 A 3-year-old child has been diagnosed with ornithine
transcarbamylase deficiency and has developed hepatic failure. The
left lobe of an adult donor liver is used as an orthotopic transplant. A
year later, the size of each liver in donor and recipient is greater than
at the time of transplantation. Which of the following cellular
alterations is most likely to explain this phenomenon?
A Metaplasia
B Dysplasia
C Hyperplasia
D Anaplasia

Q19 Increase in the size of cells Increase in the size of the muscles of a
large bodybuilder. (physiological) Goiter - increase in the size of the
cells of the thyroid (pathological):
A Define hypertrophy and give an example
B Define atrophy and give an example
C Define metaplasia and give an example
D Define dysplasia and give an example

Q20 Condition in which cells undergo uncontrolled growth and possible

metastasis:
A Define atrophy and give an example
B Define hypoplasia
C Cancer
D Dystrophic calcifications

Answer Key
1 C 6 C 11 A 16 C
2 B 7 A 12 A 17 D
3 B 8 C 13 D 18 C
4 D 9 D 14 D 19 A
5 C 10 D 15 A 20 C