1. Enlargement of the breast and induction of lactation by pregnancy is an example of __________.

A. Physiological Adaptations

B. Pathological adaptation
C. Pharma logical adaptation
D. Both A and C

2. Pregnant uterus, and muscles of athletes is an example of _____________.

A. Physiological hypertrophy
B. Pathological adaptation
C. pharma logical adaptation
D. both A and B

3. A form of __________return to normal size after hyperplasia and hypertrophy, if the causative
stimuli are removed and equilibrium returns back. For example: Uterus after labor.
A. Physiological hypertrophy
B. Pathological adaptation
C. Physiologic atrophy
D. All of above.

4. __________is the complete absence of an organ or a part of an organ e.g. solitary kidney, in such case
the other kidney is absent.
A. Necrosis

B. Apoptosis

C. Program cell death

D. Agenesis

5. ___________in which Cellular condensation, Membranes remain intact, Requires ATP, Cell is
phagocytosed, no tissue reaction, Ladder-like DNA fragmentation and Individual cells appear
affected.
A. Apoptosis
B. Necrosis
C. Agenesis
D. A and B

6. ________is the spread of a malignant tumor from one site to another via blood or lymph.
A. Metastasis
B. Agenesis
C. Apoptosis
D. necrosis

7. Do not invade the surrounding tissues or spread to other parts of the body, usually grow slowly,
usually have a covering made up of normal cells and they are not cancerous. They are __________.
A. Benign Tumours
B. Malignant tumours
C. A and B
D. Cancer of epithelial cell

8. They are cancerous have the ability to spread beyond their original site and cells can break away from
primary source and spread to other organs via the blood stream or lymphatic system. They are
__________.
A. Benign tumours
B. Malignant Tumours
C. A and B
D. Metaplasia

9. Relief or control of symptoms and maintenance of quality of life of a cancerous or last stage
malignant tumours patient is a __________ type of care.
A. Dying care
B. Care according NCP

C. Follow Gordan health pattern

D. Palliation/ palliative care

10-After menopause the size of ovaries gets decreased this phenomenon can be best termed as
A. Pathology hypertrophy
B. Metaplasia
C. Physiology atrophy
D. Physiology hypertrophy
11. In reversible cell injury all are true except.

a. ATP depletion is responsible for acute cellular swelling.

b. can cause myocardial cells to cease contraction within 60 sec.
c. ATP is generated anaerobically from Creatine phosphate
d. mitochondrial swelling and degranulation of ER are hallmarks of irreversible cellular injury.

12. Metaplasia
a. is irreversible
b. is commonly a change from squamous to columnar epithelium
c. An example is the transformation of epithelial cell into chondroblasts
d. Retinoids may play a role.

13. In apoptosis.
a. it involves physiologic and pathologic stimuli.
b. Histologically, it involves coagulation necrosis
c. its DNA breakdown is random and diffuse
d. it involves an inflammatory tissue reaction.

14. hypertrophy.
a. Occurs after partial hepatectomy
B. is triggered by mechanical and trophic chemical.
c. is usually pathological.
d. Occurs after denervation.

15. Which is incorrect in regards to apoptosis.

a. It may be regarded as a normal physiological process.
b. It is characterized by chromatin condensation.
c. it often elicits a strong inflammatory response.
d. It is characterized by cell shrinkage.

16. Hormonal.
a. as in the female breast during puberty and pregnancy.
b. as in hyperplasia of liver hepatocytes.
c. is commonly a change from squamous to columnar epithelium.
d. it's DNA breakdown is random.
17. Hypertrophy is may be physiological orvpathological.
a. Ture.
b. false.

18. Atrophy (which is incorrect.)

a. Often associated with fibrosis.
b. may be physiological or pathological.

c. it is characterized by cell shrinkage.

d. as a result of decrease in both the number and size of the cells.

19. Hypoplasia is the increase in size of an organ due to incomplete development in embryonic.
a. True.
b. False

20. Necrosis (which is incorrect)

a. ATP is depleted.
b. DNA Fragmentation is random, or smeared.
c. Cellular condensation.
d. whloe area of the tissue are affected.

21. An increased size of cardiac muscles due to chronic hypertension is an example of:
a. Metaplasia
b. Pathological hypertrophy
c. Pathological hyperplasia
d. Physiological atrophy

22-. Enlargement of the breast and induction of lactation by pregnancy is an example of:

a. Pathological adaptation
b. Dysplasia
c. Physiological adaptation

d. Hyperplasia

23. All of following are adaptive changes of cell except:

a. Hypertrophy
b. Hyperplasia
c. Metaplasia
d. Necrosis

24. Complete absence of an organ or part of an organ is called:

a. Necrosis
b. Agenesis
c. Dysplasia
d. Hypotrophy

25- Reduction of the size of an organ due to decreased work load:

a. Pathological atrophy
b. Pathological hypertrophy
c. Pathological hyperplasia
d. Physiological hypotrophy

26- It is reversible change in which an adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type of the
same tissue:
a. Dysplasia
b. Hyperplasia
c. Apoptosis

d. Metaplasia

27- ________ do not invade the surrounding tissue or spread to other parts of the body:
a. Cancer
b. Benign tumors
c. Necrosis
d. Malignant tumors

29- Liver hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy due to increase in its functional demands:
a. Pathological hyperplasia

b. Physiological hypertrophy
c. Compensatory hyperplasia
d. Compensatory metaplasia
30- Pathologic changes or clinical manifestations which occurs in patients with primary
hemochromatosis include all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Congestive heart failure
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Hepatocarcinoma
d. Testicular atrophy

32-The phenomenon which most definitely indicates that a neoplasm is malignant is:
a. Central necrosis

b. Peripheral necrosis
c. Metastasis
d. Proliferation