?

Which of the following is not a function of the neuroglia

.Support

.Information processing

.Secretion of cerebrospinal fluid

.Isolation of neurons

.Phagocytosis

:At the normal resting potential of a typical neuron, its ion exchange pumps

.Exchange 1 intracellular Na+ ion for 2 extracellular K+ ions

.Exchange 2 intracellular Na+ ions for 1 extracellular K+ ions

.Exchange 3 intracellular Na+ ions for 1 extracellular K+ ions

.Exchange 3 intracellular Na+ ions for 2 extracellular K+ ions

.Exchange 3 intracellular Na+ ions for 2 intracellular K+ ions

:The following are the main steps in the generation of an action potential

.Sodium channels are inactivated

Voltage-regulated potassium channels open and potassium moves out of the cell initiating
.repolarzation

.Sodium channels regain their normal properties

.A graded depolarization brings an area of an excitable membrane to threshold

.A temporary hyperpolarization occurs

.Sodium channel activation occurs

.Sodium ions enter the cell and depolarization occurs

.The proper sequence of these events is

.1 ,5 ,2 ,3 ,7 ,6 ,4

.5 ,3 ,2 ,1 ,7 ,6 ,4

.5 ,3 ,2 ,1 ,4 ,7 ,6

.5 ,3 ,1 ,7 ,6 ,4 ,2

.1 ,3 ,7 ,6 ,5 ,2 ,4

:The all-or-none principle states that

.All stimuli will produce identical action potentials

All stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action
.potentials

.The greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential

.Only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials

.Only motor stimuli can activate action potentials

:During continuous conduction

.Action potentials move in all directions a long an axon

.Action potentials occur at successive nodes along the length of the stimulated axon

Local currents depolarize adjacent areas of membrane so that action potentials continue to
.form a long the membrane

Action potentials produce a local current that is strong enough to spread a long the length of
.the axon

.Local potentials produce a continuous outward flow of potassium ions

:Damage to ependymal cells would affect the

.Formation of myelin sheaths

.Formation of cerebrospinal fluid

.Formation of ganglia

.Repair of axons

.Transport of neurotransmitters within axons

How would the absolute refractory period be affected if voltage-regulated sodium channels
?failed to become inactivated

.It would be longer

.It would be shorter

.It would be the same

:An action potential

involves the outflux of negative ions to depolarize the membrane

involves the influx of negative ions to depolarize the membrane

is initiated by potassium ion movements

involves the outflux of positive ions to depolarize the membrane

is essential for nerve impulse propagation

What is largely responsible for the negative resting membrane potential (around -70 mV) .22
?in a neuron

.Axonal insulation by Schwann cells

.Voltage-gated sodium channels opening

.The action potential

Potassium leak current

:Information coming into the central nervous system is carried along …………… neurons .24

.Afferent

.Sensory

.Efferent

.A+B

B+C

Transport of water is passive and due to osmolarity gradient, from high osmolarity to low .25
:osmolarity

.True

.False

:Sodium potassium pump is a type of co-transport .26

.True

.False

:All of the following are considered as extracellular fluids, except .27

.Blood fluids

.Interstitial fluid

.CSF fluid

.None of the above

:To cross the cell membrane, water must .28

.Squeeze between phospholipid molecules

.Be moved by a co-transport system

.Be transported at the expense of ATP

.Pass through Aquaporins

:Resting membrane potentials is always negative in the following cells except .30

.Nerve cells

.Cardiac cells

.Epithelial cells

.Skeletal cells

.None of the above

What is the body system which is considered as a barrier between interior of body and .31
?exterior, and has its importance in thermoregulation

Nervous System

Urinary System

Circulatory System

Reproductive System

None of them

:For the body to function properly, it must regulate .33

Blood glucose level

PH of body fluids

Core body temperature

ECF volume

All of the above

B+C
To help your body cool down blood vessels near the surface of your skin widen and swell .34
:allowing more blood to reach the skin surface. This process is called

Vasodilation

Vasoconstriction

Vascular Enlargement

Vascular Adaptation

Vascular Accommodation

feedback opposes an initial change whereas ________ feedback ampilifies _____________ .36
an initial change

Positive, negative

Negative, positive

None of them

,For an action potential to occur .39

The stimulus must reach or exceed threshold

Na+ influx must exceed k+ efflux

A and B

None of them

:A lipid bilayer .41

Permits water soluble molecules to pass through it

Facilitates the passage of water soluble molecules through it

Inhibits the passage of water soluble substances through it

Actively transports water soluble molecules through it

Is indifferent to the passage of water molecules through it

The membrane transport mechanism used when the cell engulfs a hormone or large .43
:particle is called

Exocytosis

Pinocytosis

Facilitated diffusion

Active transport

A+B

None of the above

?Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to active transport .46

Requires ATP

Transports molecules from a high to low concentration area

Requires a carrier protein

B+ C

None of the above

?"Why are proteins involved in active transport often called "pumps .47

.They use energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient

.They use energy to move a substance

.They use energy to bind the substance to the carrier

.They use energy to dislodge the substance from the carrier

None of the above

:The hyperpolarization phase of the action potential .49

Is due to the opening of voltage-gated Cl− channels

Is due to the prolonged opening of voltage-gated K+ channels

Is due to the closure of resting Na+ channels

Is due to the closure of Cl− channels

None of the above

?At what membrane voltage do neuronal voltage-gated Na+ channels become activated .50

mV 70−

mV 50−

mV 55 +

mV 50+

None of the above