Dr .

Dina Albitar 2015

Question 1

Members of the normal flora can cause disease

Select one:

a. All statements are true

b. In immunocompromised individuals

c. When they reach a site in the body where they cannot be restricted

d. In bone marrow transplant patients

Question 2

Use of probiotics in disease

Select one:

a. To alleviate lactose intolrance

b. Treatment and prevention of postantibiotic diarrhea

c. All statements are true

d. Treatment of Gastrointestinal inflammation

Question 3

Effects of endotoxin

Select one:

a. Macrophages release Tumor necrosis factor

b. Activate complememnt to produce C3a, C5a

c. Macrophages release Interleukin-1 and Interleukin-2

d. All statements are true

Question 4

Transformation involves

Select one:

a. The transfer of DNA that requires a sex pilus

b. A process that requires the enzyme DNase

c. The uptake of free ss DNA by a bacterial cell

d. Processes that can only occur when bacteria are growing within a living animal

Question 5

Effect of Tumor necrosis factor

Select one:

a. Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability

b. Activation of platelets

c. All statements are true

d. Increased expression of MHC I and MHC II proteins

Question 6

A temperature sensitive mutation is

Select one:

a. A conditional lethal mutation

b. A back mutation

c. A frameshift mutation

d. A silent mutation

Question 7

Members of the resident flora found in the gastrointestinal tract that produce vitamin K
maybe called

Select one:
a. Opportunists

b. Mutualistic

c. Parasitic

d. Commensals

Question 8

E. coli and Salmonella have surface proteins called curli which

Select one:

a. None of the statements is true

b. Lyse red blood cells

c. Mediate binding of the bacteria to the gastrointestinal epithelial cells

d. Play a role in the formation of thrombin

Question 9

Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted by:

Select one:

a. Sexual contact

b. Indirect contact

c. Foodborne transmission

d. Airborne droplets

Question 10

IL-1 and TNF are primarily produced by:

Select one:

a. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

b. T cells

c. Macrophages
d. All statements are true

Question 11

Streptococcus pyogenes has the following virulence factors, which one is mismatched with
the disease

Select one:

a. Capsule : pyogenic infections

b. M protein : Rheumatic fever

c. M protein : Glomerulonephritis

d. Erythrogenic toxin : Toxic shock syndrome

Question 12

It is true regarding the normal microbial flora present on the skin

Select one:

a. Staphylococcus aureus is present less frequently than Staphylococcus epidermidis

b. The skin around the genitourinary tract is the site for Staphylococcus saprophyticus

c. Candida albicans is part of the normal flora of the skin

d. All statements are true

Question 13

A microorganism that requires small amount of oxygen for growth, and will not grow at
atmospheric concentrations is called:

Select one:

a. Facultative anaerobe

b. Microaerophilic

c. An anaerobe

d. A strict aerobe
Question 14

The transfer of DNA that remains intracellular because some cell-to-cell contact is involved:

Select one:

a. Occurs during both conjugation and transformation

b. Occurs during transformation

c. Never occurs

d. Occurs during conjugation

Question 15

Which of the following does not have normal flora

Select one:

a. Saliva

b. The conjunctiva

c. The middle ear

d. Voided urine

Question 16

Staphylococcus aureus may give a False Gram reaction if

Select one:

a. The Gram’s iodine step is missed

b. The culture is more than 48 hours old

c. The smear is over decolorized

d. All statements are true

Question 17

The following are zoonotic infections endemic in Palestine

Select one:

a. Plague, anthrax, hepatitis B

b. Brucellosis, Rabies, Leshmaniasis

c. All statemnnts are true

d. Salmonellosis, Campylobacteriosis

Question 18

Bacterial cells that are NOT competent:

Select one:

a. Cannot be transformed

b. Are ready for transformation

c. Bind single-stranded DNA

d. Do not exist

Question 19

The most highly contagious disease from the following

Select one:

a. Tuberculosis

b. Viral meningitis

c. Measles

d. Bacterial meningitis

Question 20

The scientist who proved that Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax

Select one:

a. Robert Koch

b. Barbara McClintock
c. Hershey and Chase

d. Griffith

Question 21

Obligate anaerobes lack

Select one:

a. Catalase

b. Superoxide dismutase or catalase or both

c. Superoxide dismutase and catalase

d. Superoxide dismutase

Question 22

The DNA of a transposon is:

Select one:

a. All of the statements are correct

b. Flanked by insertion sequences “ inverted repeats”

c. Code for drug resistant enzymes, toxins

d. Also called “jumping genes”

Question 23

The growth of only a few types of microorganisms may be achieved by the addition of dyes
or antibiotics to a complex medium, which makes the medium

Select one:

a. Selective

b. Minimal

c. Enriched

d. Differential
Question 24

Biofilms form on the following

Select one:

a. Tooth enamel

b. All statements are true

c. Intravenous catheters

d. Prosthetic heart valves

Question 25

In which one of the phases of the growth curve of bacteria are antibiotics such as penicillin
most likely to kill bacteria?

Select one:

a. Stationary phase

b. Lag phase

c. Log phase

d. Death phase

Question 26

Lysogenic conversion can change a nonpathogenic organism into a pathogenic one, this is
true for all the following EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Streptococcus pyogenes

b. Streptococcus pneumoniae

c. Clostridium botulinum

d. Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 27

Pasteurization of milk involves:

Select one:

a. A procedure that involves killing milk borne pathogens

b. Heating to 72°C for 30 minutes followed by rapid cooling

c. Kills vegetative cells and spores of Brucella, Mycobacteria, Listeria and streptococci

d. All statements are true

Question 28

A plasmid that is able to code for its own transfer:

Select one:

a. Cannot be transferred directly from one bacterial cell to another

b. Is called a nonconjugative plasmid

c. Cannot exist

d. Is a fertility plasmid

Question 29

Choose the wrong combination

Select one:

a. 90% ethanol is used to disinfect skin prior to immunization

b. Iodophore is used to disinfect surgical site prior to surgery

c. Filtration is used to sterilize intravenous solutions

d. Ultraviolet light is used to disinfect air in the operating room when not in use

Question 30

Toxoids are:

Select one:

a. Made from all types of toxic bacterial substances like endotoxin and diphtheria toxin

b. Modified proteins that are no longer toxic but are still immunogenic
c. Toxin-like substances that are made by nonpathogenic b-acteria

d. Cannot be used for immunization

Question 31

The bacteria that live in the Dead Sea are

Select one:

a. Acidophiles

b. Halophiles

c. Osmophiles.

d. Alkalophiles

Question 32

The ______ are intracellular pathogens

Select one:

a. Brucella and Legionella

b. Clostridium and Bacillus

c. Mycoplasma and Mycobacteria

d. Rickettsia and Chlamydia

Question 33

Group B streptococci is normal flora of

Select one:

a. Gingiva

b. skin

c. Eye conjunctiva

d. Vagina
Question 34

During conjugation between two bacterial cells

Select one:

a. None of the above

b. Chromosomal or plasmid DNA can be transferred

c. Only chromosomal DNA can be transferred

d. Only plasmid DNA can be transferred

Question 35

Pseudomembranes are part of the pathogenesis of

Select one:

a. Clostridium perfringens

b. Clostridium botulinum

c. Clostridium difficile

d. Clostridium tetani

The bacterial component that is present in Gram negative bacteria and gives endotoxin its
toxic effect

Select one:

a. Lipid A

b. Carbohydrate core

c. LPS

d. O antigen

Question 37

Staphylococcus aureus can cause

Select one:

a. All statements are true

b. Food poisoning

c. scalded skin syndrome

d. Pyogenic infections (endocarditis)

Question 38

Clostridium difficile is normal flora of

Select one:

a. Vagina

b. Gingiva

c. Colon

d. Skin

Question 39

Two medically important genera that are Gram positive spore forming rods

Select one:

a. Bacillus and Clostridium

b. Shigella and Salmonella

c. Staphylococci and Streptococci

d. Escherichia and Salmonella

Question 40

Exotoxins that ADP ribosylate the Gs protein activating it include

Select one:

a. E. coli heat labile toxin

b. All statements are true

c. Cholera toxin

d. Bacillus cereus toxin

Question 41

The capsule of all of the following bacteria is made out of polysaccharide EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Bacillus anthracis

b. Haemophilus influenzae

c. Streptococcus pneumoniae

d. Neisseria meningitidis

Question 42

IgA protease is a virulence factor that helps in

Select one:

a. Attachment to mucous membranes

b. All statements are true

c. Spread of the bacteria

d. Antiphagocytic activity

Question 43

All of the following exotoxins are superantigens EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Staphylococcal enterotoxin

b. Toxic shock syndrome toxin

c. Botulinum toxin

d. Erythrogenic toxin

Question 44

The bacteria that causes syphilis Treponema pallidum

Select one:

a. Cannot be grown on bacteriologic laboratory media

b. All statements are true

c. Cannot be Gram stained

d. Cannot be grown in tissue culture media

Question 45

Which one of the following exotoxins inhibits EF-2

Select one:

a. Pseudomonas exotoxin A

b. Cholera toxin

c. E. coli heat stable toxin

d. Bacillus cereus exotoxin

Question 46

The colon is the site of the largest number of normal flora bacteria. Which one of the
following bacteria is found in the greatest number in the colon?

Select one:

a. Bacteroides fragilis

b. Enterococcus feacalis

c. Escherichia coli

d. Lactobacillus species

Question 47

The following are extracellular bacteria that cause pyogenic infections

Select one:

a. Mycobacteria, Brucella, Listeria, Legionella

b. Rickettsia, Chlamydia
c. Streptococci, Neisseria, Staphylococci

d. All statemnts are false

Question 48

Programmed rearrangement is responsible for antigenic variation in

Select one:

a. Neisseria gonorrhoeae

b. All statements are true

c. Borrelia recurrentis

d. Trypanosomes

Question 49

A student was preparing a Gram stain for a smear of Staphylococcus epidermidis, however
he forgot to add Gram’s iodine. The bacteria will appear

Select one:

a. Black

b. Purple

c. Colorless

d. Pink

Question 50

Members of the normal flora play a role in the maintenance of health by their role in all of
the following EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Cause disease, especially in immunocompromised and debilitated individuals

b. Produce several B vitamins and vitamin K

c. Stimulate the production of natural antibodies

d. Colonization resistance
Question 51

The bacterial spores are resistant to all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one:

a. Autoclaving

b. Ethanol (70%)

c. Boiling (100 C)

d. Ultraviolet light 250-260nm

Question 52

Thermophilus aquaticus is an important source of the heat resistant enzyme Taq DNA
polymerase as it survives in temperature

Select one:

a. 50°C -65°C

b. 5°C -25°C

c. 20°C - 40°C

d. 90°C-100°C

Question 53

Hemolytic uremic syndrome is caused by

Select one:

a. Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7

b. Uropathic E. coli

c. Enterotoxigenic E. coli and Salmonella sp.

d. Salmonella spp.

Question 54

Blood agar medium is used for growing

Select one:

a. Fastidious bacteria

b. Mycoplasma

c. Viruses

d. Fastidious bacteria and nonfastidious bacteria

Question 55

Prevotella spp. is normal flora of

Select one:

a. Skin

b. Gingiva

c. Vagina

d. Colon

Question 56

Evasion of host defenses, one of the following statements is mismatched

Select one:

a. Capsulated strains evade phagocytosis : Streptococcus pneumoniae

b. Intracellular pathogen, prevents fusion of the phagosome with the lysosomes: Legionella
pneumophila

c. Latent virus, integrates the genome into the host chromosome: Human Immunodeficiency
virus

d. Antigenic variation by gene rearrangement : Human immune deficiency virus

Question 57

Escherichia coli is able to cause several diseases depending on its virulence factors, which
virulence factor is mismatched

Select one:

a. Piliated strains: Urinary tract infections

b. Enterotoxigenic strains: bloody diarrheae

c. Enterohaemorragic strains : bloody diarrheae

d. K1 capsulated strains : Neonatal meningitis

Question 58

The sulfur bacteria that live in the hot springs of “Hamamat Ma’een” in Jordan are

Select one:

a. Autotrophic, chemolithotrophic

b. Chemorganotrophic

c. Autotrophic,photosynthetic

d. Heterotrophic

Question 59

Herpes simplex Virus type I causes

Select one:

a. Symptomatic infections

b. Latent infections

c. Chronic

d. Symptomatic and latent infections

Question 60

A disease principally due to toxin secreted by a microbe

Select one:

a. All statements are true

b. Botulism

c. Tetanus

d. Diphtheria
Question 61

In Griffith's experiments, a harmless variant of S. pneumoniae became pathogenic when

mixed with a heat-killed pathogenic variant as a result of

Select one:

a. Transformation

b. Mutation

c. conjugation

d. generalized transduction

Question 62

Which of the following is used to sterilize the operating room

Select one:

a. Filtration of the air using Millipore filters

b. UV rays

c. Disinfectants

d. X-rays

Question 63

Characteristics of germ-free animals that are thought to be due to lack of exposure to a

normal flora are:

Select one:

a. poorly developed immune system, especially in the gastrointestinal tract

b. vitamin deficiencies, especially vitamin K and vitamin B12

c. increased susceptibility to infectious disease

d. All statements are true

Question 64

Lysozyme is present in all of the following EXCEPT

Select one:

a. Tears

b. Human milk

c. Urine

d. Saliva

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT associated with pili?

Select one:

a. Transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another

b. Move the bacteria toward nutrients

c. Attachment to mucosal surfaces

d. Composed of subunits of pilin

Question 66

Proprionibacterium acnes is normal flora of

Select one:

a. Skin

b. Gingiva

c. Colon

d. Vagina

Question 67

A disease that is usually spread by an insect vector:

Select one:

a. Plague

b. Malaria
c. Typhus

d. All statements are correct

Question 68

An outbreak of postsurgical wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus has occurred

in a hospital. The infection control team was asked to determine whether the organism
could be carried by one of the operating room personnel. Using your knowledge of normal
flora, which one of the following sites is the most likely location of this organism?

Select one:

a. Gingival crevice

b. Colon

c. Nose

d. Throat

Question 69

The Hfr ( High frequency recombinant ) bacteria differ from an F+cell

Select one:

a. The F plasmid is not integrated into the bacterial chromosome

b. The F plasmid codes for antibiotic resistance

c. The F plasmid is integrated into the bacterial chromosome

d. The F plasmid codes for a sex pilus Zhoor

Question 70

The formation of thymine-thymine dimmers on a strand of DNA:

Select one:

a. Cannot be linked to mutation

b. Is due to the presence of a plasmid

c. Cannot be changed as long as the cells are kept totally in the dark

d. Is due to absorption of UV light