SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBOANGA DEL NORTE

SOUTH SINDANGAN DISTRICT II

Maras, Sindangan, Zamboanga del Norte

SCIENCE 8
Quarter 2 - Week 3
Name of Learner: ____________________________ Score:
__________________________
Section: ______________________________
Date: ___________________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
What’s Inside the Earth?
Background Information for Learners
We often think of earthquakes as something harmful and the reason is obvious. But earthquakes help scientists figure out
what is inside the Earth. How as you know by now, when a fault suddenly moves, an earthquake is generated. The shaking starts from
the focus and spreads out. You can get an idea of how this happens by throwing a pebble into a pond. See the ripples that move out in
circles? The vibrations from the focus are something like that.

Learning Competency:
 How earthquake waves provide information about the interior of the earth (S8ES-IIc-17).

Earth’s Interior
The earth’s interior has four layers that has shown in (Fig. 2.)that
are physically and chemically different from one another. We most
familiar with the crust, the solid rock layer that makes up the
outermost shell of the earth. The outer core differs from the rest of
the earth’s interior because it is the only liquid layer. It composed of
iron and nickel, resulting in a very thick liquid that flows chaotically. At
the very center of the earth is the 1220 km-thick inner core, which is
the densest layer and is composed of solid iron with some amount of
nickel.

Figure 2: The structure of the Earth

Seismologists use earthquakes to be able to “see” inside the earth. The vibrations are more properly called seismic waves. The focus is
the point in the rock’s zone of weakness where the breaking first starts and seismic energy is released. When earthquake happens,
new reports usually announce the location of the epicenter, which is the point on the earth’s surface directly above the focus as showed
in (figure 2).

As seismic waves travel through the body of theFigure 3: The

Earth, they Focus
behave of Earthquake
in different ways, depending on what they encounter along the
way. For example, in (Fig.3)
 as seismic waves travel deeper into the crust, they speed up. That means that at depth the rocks are denser.
 In the upper part of the mantle, the waves slow down. That means the rocks there are partially molten.
When an earthquake occurs, seismic energy radiates form the focus as seismic waves. Those that pass through the
earth’s interior are called body waves of which are two kinds:

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 Table 1: The characteristics of P-waves and S-waves

Primary Waves (P- waves) Secondary Waves (S-wave)

High frequency High frequency
Short wavelength Short wavelength
Longitudinal wave(Fig.4) Transverse wave(Fig.4)
Pass through both solid and liquids Cannot move through liquids
Compression like motion Shear like motion
Move forwards and backwards as it compressed Move in all directions from their source
and decompressed
P-wave is faster S- wave is slower than P- wave
First P-wave arrive After P- wave, S- wave is arrive

As the waves reach the core, one of kind of seismic wave

(S-waves) disappears. That means that the outer core is
liquid. At certain depths, the eaves are reflected and
refracted (bend). That means the Earth must be layered.
Thus, earthquake waves give us a picture of the Earth’s interior,
the way an “ultrasound” provides an image of a baby inside
the womb. This is why scientists know a bit about the interior
of our home planet, even if no one has gone deep into the
Earth yet.

* Earthquake safety is essential because it can

eliminate the chance of you or another member of your family
to get hurt. Safety must always be your priority in terms of this
kind of calamity. Always be prepared and take cover. In times of
disaster, “Bayanihan” is very essential.

Activity 1: Let’s label it!

Directions: A Word bank is found in the next page
containing answers for this activity. Choose the best answer that best describes every part of the illustration. Write your answer on the
space provided for.
WORD BANK

P AND S WAVE CRUST

P- WAVE INNER CORE
S- WAVE MANTLE OUTER CORE

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TEST YOURSELF!
Directions: Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided before the item number.

____ 1. Choose the correct statement regarding P and S seismic waves.

a. P waves travel through solids, whereas S wave do not.
b. P and S travel through liquid, but P waves do not travel through solids.
c. S waves travel through solids, but P waves travel through liquid.
d. P and S waves travel through solids, but S waves do not travel through liquid.
____ 2. The point on the surface directly above the focus.
a. Earthquake c. seismic wave
b. Seismographic station d. epicenter
____ 3. Scientists determine on what’s Earth’s interior look like using ______________________.
a. Volcanoes c. Seismic Waves
b. Continental Drift d. Convection Currents
____ 4. The thinnest layer of the Earth is…
a. Mantle c. Lithosphere
b. Asthenosphere d. Crust
_____5. The focus of an earthquake is..
a. The point (below Earth's surface) where rocks first begin to break and the first movement occurs
b. The place where the greatest damage occurs
c. The closest seismic station
d. A fault
References:
SCIENCE Grade 8
Support Material for Independent Learning Engagement (SMILE)
Quarter 2 – Module 3: What’s Inside the Earth?
First Edition, 2021

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Answer Key:) WEEK 3

WEEK 3 TEST
YOURSELF:
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. A

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