ROLL NO 2022 – MLTE-042 ASSIGNMENT NO 2

NAME: AHMAD KHAN GHORI DATE 10- AUG-

2023

PHSIOLOGY
Q HISTOLOGY OF LIVER & ROLE IN
DIGESTION?
 INTRODUCTION OF LIVER: The liver is the
largest internal organ of the human body, weighing
approximately 1.5 kg. The liver is located in the upper
right-hand portion of the abdominal cavity, beneath the
diaphragm, and on top of the stomach.
Anatomically the liver consists of four lobes: two larger
ones (right and left) and two smaller ones (quadrate and
caudate).
 HISTOLOGY OF LIVER:
The liver consists of the following major
histological components:

1]Parenchyma, which is represented

by HEPATOCYTE.

2] Stroma, which is a continuation of the surrounding

capsule of Glisson. It consists of connective TISSUE and
contains the vessels. The capsule is also covered by a layer of
mesothelium, arising from the PERITONIUM covering the
liver. The CONNECIVE TISSUE of the stroma is type III
collagen which forms a meshwork that provides integrity for
the hepatocytes and sinusoids.
3] Sinusoids, which are capillaries travelling between
hepatocytes
4]Spaces of Disse which are located between the hepatocytes
and the sinusoids.

 INDETAIL HISTOLOGY:
1. Hepatocytes: Hepatocytes are the main functional cells
of the liver. They perform various important functions
 such as detoxification, metabolism, and synthesis of
proteins.
2. Lobules: The liver is divided into lobules, which are
hexagonal-shaped functional units. Each lobule
consists of sheets of hepatocytes radiating outward
from a central vein.
3. Portal Triads: At the corners of each lobule are portal
triads, which consist of a portal vein, hepatic artery,
and bile duct. These structures bring in oxygenated
blood, nutrients, and bile to the liver.
4. Kupffer Cells: These are specialized
macrophages located within the sinusoids. They
play a role in immune defense and clearing
debris from the blood.
5. Bile Canaliculi: These are tiny ducts located
between adjacent hepatocytes. They collect bile
produced by hepatocytes and transport it
towards the bile ducts.
6. Bile Ducts: Bile ducts collect bile from the bile
canaliculi and transport it out of the liver for
storage in the gallbladder or secretion into the
duodenum for digestion.

 FUNCTIONS AND PHYSIOLOGY

The liver performs several important functions in the human
body, such as given below:

Plasma protein synthesis - albumins, lipoproteins,

glycoproteins, prothrombin, fibrinogen
VITAMIN STORAGE AND MODIFICATION - vitamins
A, D, and K
IRON STORAGE AND METABOLISM - transferrin,
haptoglobin, hemopexin.
DRUGS AND TOXINS DEGRADATION
BILE PRODUCTION
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
 CONCLUSION HEALTHY LIVER
HAPPY LIFE
THE END