Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Comparative Police System Compress
Comparative Police System Compress
COMPARA
ARA
ARATIVE
TIVE MODELS IN POLIC
POLICING
ING
Po
Police
lice = The governmental department charged with the regulation and control of the affairs of a community, now
chiefly the department established to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime. ( French word
word)
COMPARA
COMPARATIVE
TIVE = an estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of two objects or event
GLOBALIZA
GLOBALIZATIO
TIO
TIONN
= package of transnational flow of people, production, investment, information, ideas and authority.
= growing interpenetration of states, markets, communication and ideas.
= The process of creating transnational markets, politics, and legal systems in an effort to form and sustain a global
economy.
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZA
GLOBALIZATION
TION to Law Enforcement
= law enforcers are expected to be the protector of the people…….unaccountable flow of migration and
open markets present new threats to state-based human rights regimes – great challenge to law enforcement.
Home Rule = the theory of police service which states that police officers are serv servants
ants of the community or the
people . This theory prevails in England and United States . It is also the police service which prevails in country with
decentralized form of government. This is likewise the police service theory that should prevail in the Philippines
based on the existing laws, concepts and principles.
b. Modern police service = states that the yardstick of police proficiency relies on the absence of crim e.
Deviance Control = is the modern police function which primarily involves the mission to reinforce community values
and law s. This was adopted by Germany
Germany,, Ch
China
ina and Japan .
Civil order control = is not organizationally separated from deviance control but is performed by regular street police
in the country of England and United States .
A. T
Tun
un Po
Policing
licing System
A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Sax
Anglo-Saxonon period whereby all male residents were required to
guard the town (tun ) to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people.
About 700 AD, the people living in England in small rural towns used the Anglo-Sax
Anglo-Saxon
on Syste
System
m . Ten families
in a town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman . Since 10 tithings
amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was named the reeve . Both the tithingman and reeve were elected
officials. They possessed judicial power as well as poli
police
ce authority
authority..
C. T
Trial
rial by Ordeal
A judicial practice where in the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting him to an
unpleasant, usually dangerous, experience. (In present terminologies, it would mean an employment of a “3rd
degree.”” ) The word “ordeal” was derived from the Medieval Latin word “Dei Indicum” which means “a miraculous
degree.
decision.
decision.””
2. Norman Per
Period
iod of Policing S
System
ystem
This system of policing existed during the time of Norman William The Conqueror (King of France). When he
invaded and conquered England, a military regime of conquers and dictators began and changed the concept of
crime being committed against the state.
A. Shire-Rieve
Shire-Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period when England was divided into fifty-five (55)
military areas, each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or lieutenant of the army). The fifty-five (55)
military divisions in England are called shires. The shire-rieve had absolute powers that no one could questions his or
her actions.
Two “Constabuli” or “T he Keeper of the Horse” were appointed to each village to aid the Rieve in his duties .
“The
It became the source of the word Constable.
The term “Shire-Rieve” is said to be the origin of the word “ Sheriff
Sheriff..”
B. T
Trav
rav
ravelling
elling Judge or Circuit Judge
A judge selected to hear cases which were formerly being judged by the Shire-Rieve and tasked to travel
through and hear criminal cases. This was the first instance of the division of the p
police
olice and judicial power s.
C. Legis Henrici
An act that was enacted during this period with the following features:
Offenses were classified as against the king and individual.
Policeman becomes public servant.
The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It introduced the system called “citizen’
“citizen’ss arrest.
arrest.””
Grand Jury was created to inquire on the facts of the law. A system which made inquisition onto the facts of
a crime and eliminate the “ Anglo-Saxon TTrial
rial or “T
“Trial
rial by Ordeal S
System.
ystem. ”
D. Fr
Frankpledge
ankpledge Syste
Systemm
A system of policing whereby a group of ten neighboring male residents over twelve years of age were
required to guard the town to preserve peace and protect the lives and properties of the people
3. W
Westminster
estminster Perio
Period
d of Policing S
System
ystem
It is called by this name because the laws governing policing came out of the capital of England, which at
the time was W estminster . This period has the following features:
We
Guards were appointed and the duties of the constables at ni night
ght (wat
watch
ch
ch)) and in daytime (ward) were
defined
Statute of Westminster of 1285 , a collection of regulations aimed at keeping the peace.
Westminster
B. Statute of 1295
The law that marks the beginning of the curfew hours , which demanded the closing of the gates of London
during sundown.
4. K
Keepers
eepers of the Pea
Peace
ce
A proclamation issued by King Richard of England sometime in 1195 that required the appointment of
knights to keep the King’s peace by standing as guards on bridges and gates while checking the people entering and
leaving the cities and towns.
LONDON 1829
Sir Robert P
Peel
eel = appointed as Home Secretary in 1822
METROPOLIT
METROPOLITAN AN POLICE = organized in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of 1829)
= the largest of the police services that operate in greater London (the others include the City of London
Police and the British Transport Police)
= finest police force around the world.
TO
TOT
TAL POLICING = motto of London Metropolitan Police
IMPORT
IMPORTANT
ANT DA
DATES
TES
1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A major crowd disturbance dealt with by the Metropolitan
Po
Police
lice with controversial use of force .
force
1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow Street Horse Patrol
Patrol into its control.
1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and the
disbandment of the Bow Street Office and other Offices. These were all agreed and put into effect.
Administration PPolicing
olicing Principles o
off London Metropolitan Po
Police
lice
1. Stable and effective civil police under government control
2. Absence of crime is the best proof of efficiency
3. Fast distribution of crime news to the police is essential.
1. Municipal Police = includes village, township, city and country police departments, sheriff departments.
Some Feder
Federal
al Agencies Having P
Police
olice Functions
b. Protection of the Na
National
tional Revenue
1. Intelligence Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = investigation of violations of income tax laws
2. Alcohol Tax Unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue = violations of internal revenue laws
3. Division of Investigation and Patrol, Bureau of Customs = investigates smuggling activities and enforces customs
and navigation laws.
4. Private Police = additional police protection made by employing sworn officers through contract when they are not
officially on duty
The United States police rank model is generally quasi-military in structure. Although the large and varied
number of federal, state, and local police departments and sheriff's office have different ranks, a general model, from
highest to lowest rank, would be:
Chief of P Police/Police
olice/Police Com
Commissioner/Superintendent/Sheriff
missioner/Superintendent/Sheriff
Deputy Chief of P Police/Deputy
olice/Deputy Commissioner/De
Commissioner/Deputy
puty Superintendent/Undersheriff
Inspector/Commander/Colonel
Major/Deputy Inspector
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Detective/Inspector/Inv
Detective/Inspector/Investigator
estigator
Officer/Deputy Sheriff/
Sheriff/Corporal
Corporal
CANADA
Roy
Royal
al Canadi
Canadian
an Mounted PolPolice
ice (RCMP) = colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The Force” = is the
national police force of Canada and one of the most recognized of its kind in the word being a national, federal,
provincial and municipal policing body. It is founded in 1920 by the Merger of R
Roy
oy
oyal
al Northwest Mounted Po
Police(1873)
lice(1873)
with the Dominion PPolice
olice (1868) .
= headed by the Commission under the direction of the Minister of Public Safet
Safetyy Canada .
AUSTRALIA
Australian Po
Police
lice = a progressive and multi-faceted law enforcement organization, taking strong lead in the fight
against 21st century crime.
Commissioner = highest rank
Constable = lowest rank
HONGKONG
Hong K Kong
ong Police F Force
orce
= is the largest disciplined service under the Security Bureau of H ong Kong
Kong. It is the world's second, and
Asia's first, police agency to operate with a modern policing system. It was formed on 1 May 1844.
in 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong Police Force for their
handling of the Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming them: the Ro Royal
yal Hong Kong Po
Police
lice Force . Following the transfer of
sovereignty, the Force is once again named the Hong K Kong
ong Poli
Police
ce Force
Structure HKPF
The Force is commanded by the Commissioner of P Police
olice , who is assisted by two deputy commissioners:
a. Deputy Commissioner – Oper ations = supervises all operational matters including crime and
Operations
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is responsible for the direction and coordination of force
management including personnel, training, and management services.
Service Quality Wing = is responsible for spearheading initiatives to improve services provided to force customers
both external and internal. The wing comprises three branches: Perfo
Performance
rmance Review, Research and Inspections and
Complaints and Internal Inv
Investigations
estigations (C&II)
Complaints and Internal Investigations (C&II) = includes the Complaints Against PolPolice
ice Office (CAPO) oversees the
investigation and successful resolution of all complaints made both externally and internally against members of the
force.
For Inspe
Inspector
ctor
Academic Requir
Requirements
ements
Hong Kong degree, or equivalent; or
An accredited Associate Degree from Hong Kong tertiary institution / A Higher Diploma from a Hong Kong
polytechnic / polytechnic university, or a Diploma from a registered post-secondary college awarded after
the date of its registration, or equivalent; or
A pass in two subjects at Advanced Level in the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (2A) plus three
other subjects at Grade C or above in the HKCEE (3O), or a combination of results in five Hong Kong
Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 3 in New Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects,
“Attained with Distinction” in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects)
and Grade C in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.
For P
Police
olice Constable
Academic Requir
Requirements
ements
Five passes or above, which may include Chinese Language and English Language, in the HKCEE, or a
combination of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 2 in New Senior
Secondary (NSS) subjects, “Attained” in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects)
and Grade E in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.
RANKS OF HKPF
Commissioner of Police (CP)
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police (SACP)
Assistant Commissioner of Police (ACP)
Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP)
Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP)
Superintendent of Police (SP)
Chief Inspector of Police (CIP)
Senior Inspector of Police (SIP)
Inspector of Police (IP)
Probationary Inspector of Police (PI)
Station Sergeant (SSGT)
Sergeant (SGT)
Senior Constable (SPC)
Police Constable (PC)
TAIW
AIWANAN
TAIW
AIWANAN POLICE FORCE = is the unified police force of taiwan
= under the supervision of NANATI
TI
TIONAL
ONAL POLICE AGENCY which is directly under the MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
= under effective civilian control
FUNCTIONS
1) to maintain public order,
2) 2) to protect social security,
3) 3) to prevent all dangers, and
4) ) to promote the welfare of all people.
RANKS OF T TAI
AI
AIWWAN POLICE FORCE
Police Supervisor General
Police Supervisor Rank
Police Supervisor Rank Two
Police Supervisor Rank Three
Police Supervisor Rank Four
Police Officer Rank One
Police Officer Rank Two
Police Officer Rank Three
Police Officer Rank Four
Police Rank One
Police Rank Two
Police Rank Three
Police Rank Four
MY
MYANMAR
ANMAR
Myanmar PPolice
olice F
Force
orce = formally known as The Pe People's orce (Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe )
ople's Police FForce
= established in 1964 as independent department under Ministry of Home Affairs . It was reorganized on 1
October 1995.
There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces and three additional State/Division Police Forces
TRAINING CENTERS
1. Central Training Institute of My
Training anmar Po
Myanmar lice Force
Police
2. No.1 Police TTra
ra
raining
ining Depot = undertakes Basic Training Course for Police Sergeant for 2 years; Warrant Officer and
Police Sergeants Course for 12 Weeks; and Basic Training Course for Constables for 6 Month
3. No. 2 P
Police
olice TTraining
raining Depot = undertakes only Basic Training Course for Constables, which normally takes around 6
months to complete.
POLRI TERRIT
TERRITORIAL
ORIAL FORCES
1. Ke
Kepolisian
polisian Daerah or polda = provincial police
2. Ke
Kepolisian
polisian Wilayah or Polwil = regional police
3. Ke
Kepolisian
polisian Resort or P
Polres
olres = city police
4. K
Kepolisian
epolisian Sector or Po
Polsek
lsek = sub-district police
SPECIAL BRANCHES
1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) = the most militarized trained to deal with mass demonstrations
= paramilitary role to conduct security stabilization operations and providing security for VIP and vital
facilities
2. Anti-Riot Unit (P(Pasukan
asukan Anti Huru-Hura) = received special anti-riot training
3. Sea and Air PolPolice
ice = responsible patrolling the airspace
4. Plainclothes Unit = assigned in conducting investigations
5. Maritime PoPolice
lice = responsible in protecting the territorial sea
6. Anti-
Anti-TTerrorist Unit = trained in counter-terrorism
7. Forensics = in-charged of laboratory examination of evidence
ROY
ROYAL
AL MALAYSIAN POLICE ( RMP: Malay: Polis Diraja Malaysia, PDRM ) = police force of Malaysia.
MALA
= headquarters is located at Bukit Aman, Kuala Lumpur
= The constitution, control, employment, recruitment,fund, discipline, duties and powers of the police force
Police Act 1967
is specified and governed by the Police
RMP Organizations
1. Management Department = the Management Department is tasked with the routine of management and
administration affairs of the RMP. This department is also the nerve centre of the RMP and acts as the support
services platform for the rest of the force.
2. Logistics Department = has the role to provide several equipments needed in RMP
3. Criminal Investigation Division = deals with the investigation, arrest and prosecution of hard crimes
(murder, robbery, rape etc) and petty crimes (theft, house-breaking etc).
= This department also specializes in gambling, vice and secret societies (triads)
Branches of Criminal IInvestigation
nvestigation Division
D1 – Administrative Division
D2 – Criminal Record Registration
D3 – Internal Affairs
D4 – Statistics
D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions
D6 – Technical Assistance Division
D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies
D8 – Investigation Division / Planning
D9 – Special Investigation Division
D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division
D11 – Sexual Investigation Division
D12 – National Centre Bureau-Interpol Division
4. Narcoti
Narcoticscs Criminal Investigation Division = this department's function is to fight against dangerous drugs by
enforcing the law to stop and reduce the demand and supply of dangerous drugs.
5. Internal Security and Public Order Department = responsible for traffic control and Search & Rescue (SAR)
operations
6. The Poli
Police
ce Field Force (PFF) = organized in battalions and was a para-military units of the Royal Malaysia Police.
Also known as the Jungle Squad
= established in 1948
7. Po
Police
lice Counter-
Counter-T Terrorism Unit = an elite unit of RMP responsible in counter-terrorism operations
8. UNGER
UNGERIN IN = Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) ( Marine Combat Unit ) was established in 2006 and it was fully
operational by the end of 2007
= first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside the
coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of South China Sea which were continuously widespread from time
to time despite various efforts done to overcome the problem
= members received tr training
aining from U.S
9. Feder
Federal al Reserve Unit (FRU) = (Malay: Pasuka
Pasukan
n Simpanan Persekutuan )
= its role is riot suppression, crowd contro
control,
l, disaster relief & rescue, as well as special oper
operations
ations assistance
= organized in 1955
10. C4-i Implementations System = (abbreviation for Command, Control, Communications, Computer-Inte Computer-Integrated
grated
grated) =
based at Police Control Centre in all police contingents in Malaysia.
= this unit is assigned to patrol the city and the suburbs.
11. The Marine Operations Force or (Malay: Pasuka Pasukan
n Gerakan Marin) = tasked with maintaining law and order and
coordinating search and rescue operations in the Malaysian Maritime Zone and on the high seas
12. Roy
Royalal Mala ysian Police Air Wing Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) = is a special unit of Royal Malaysia Police with a
Malaysian
vital role in maintaining national security with thorough surveillance and patrol from the air
13. Special Branch = This department is responsible for collecting intelligence for national security
14. TTrraffic Unit = responsible in maintaining the flow of traffic
15. Commercial Crimes Investigation Department = t his department's main function is to investigate, arrest, and
prosecute offenders committing white collar crimes such as fraud, breach of trust, cyber-crimes, forgery,
counterfeiting etc
16. Mounted Police = police who patrol on horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They continue to serve in remote
areas and in metropolitan areas where their day-to-day function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but they are also
employed in crowd control because of their mobile mass and height advantage
RANKS OF RMP
INSPECTOR
INSPECTOR-GEN
-GEN
-GENERAL
ERAL OF POLICE = equivalent of director general (Philippines)
POLICE CONST
CONSTABLE
ABLE = equivalent of police officer 1 (Philippines)
Singapore
Francis James Bernard = formed the skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore Police Force in 1819.
Singapore Police ForForcece (SPF) is the main agency task with the maintaining law and order in the city-state. It
Republic of Singapore Police . Organized with split staff (15) and line functions (13)
is formerly known as Republic
roughly modeled after the military. Headquarters at New Poenix Park in Novena. The highest rank is
Commissioner of P Police
olice and the lowest is PPolice
olice Constable .
Section 7 of Po
Police
lice Force Act of 185
18577 = constitution of the SPF
Recruitment/training
High school grgraduates
aduates who were interested in law enforcement as a career can be recruited and those who
are selected for officers had to be approved by the Public Service Commission.
Career development course were encouraged for officer and senior officers are required to travel oversees
for tr
training
aining such as in PolPolice
ice Staff College in Britain, FBI Nat’
Nat’ll Academy in US and Police A
Academy
cademy in Japan .
Nine (9) months training
training . Newly appointed officer will be placed on a one year proba tion period
probation period.
RANKS OF SPF
Commissioner of P
Police
olice = equivalent of director general in the Philippines
Constable = equivalent of Police Officer 1 in the PNP
Keihor
Keihoryo
yo (Pol
(Police
ice Bureau within the Ministry of Home aff
affairs
airs to 1945)
Japanese Colonial Gove rnment = the one which organized the first fo
Government formal
rmal policing in China .
Japanese YYakuza
akuza = considered as the center of Asian organized crime action.
ORGANIZA
ORGANIZAT T ION OF NP
NPAA
1. National Public Safety Commission = a government body responsible for the administrativ
administrative
e supervision of the
polic e. Under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister
2. Japan National P olice Agency (NPA) = a totally gunless police fo
Police force
rce, except for its special attack team.
3. Regional Police Bureau = exercise control and supervision over regional police offices and provides support with
the prefectural police.
Director Gen
Gener er
eral
al = heads each Regional Bureau acting upon orders from the Commission General of the
NPA
NPA.
Regional Police Bureau = the local organizations to carry out part of the NPA’s functions. There are about 7 Bureaus
in the major cities except for Tokyo and Hokkaido where in Tokyo, Metropolitan Poli Police
ce department (headed by
Superintendent General) has long been established and shares the same location with the NPA. Prefectur
Prefectural
al Pol
Police
ice
has the whole of Hokkaido under its jurisd
jurisdiction.
iction.
4. Prefectural Public Safety Commission (PPSC) = administrative commission functioning under the representative
system which supervise the prefectur
prefectural
al police . Under the Jurisdiction of the Governor
Governor.. Though not empowered to
give order to the Commission.
5. Koban = a system of policing adopted in Japan, a substation near major transportation hubs and shopping areas
and in residential districts which forms the first line of police response to the public.
= Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about 7000 residential police boxes (Chuzaisho- staffed by a
single officer). About 20 % of police is assigned to K
Koban
oban .
Kinds of police
People’ss Armed Police (PAP), 1980’s deals with domestic disturbances , acts as riot police and guard’s government
1. People’
compounds and foreign embassies. Usually handles border defense but is called sometimes to back up local police.
2. State Security Police = (1983) safeguards state security
security,, prevent foreign espionage, sabotage and conspiracies .
Under the Ministry of State Security and directly accountable to the State council.
3. Prison Police = a part of the correctional arm of the over
overall
all police system stationed in prisons and correction units.
This is under the leadership of the Ministry of Justice.
4. Judicial Police = responsible for maintaining the security and order in courts and serving instruments and some
also executing death sentences.
5. Quasi para
parapolice
police (“Cheng guan”) = operate in many places and hired by officials to help carry out some unpopular
actions such as collecting taxes and fines and ousting peasants from seized land.
Special Pol
Police
ice College = conducts nationwide recruitment once a year.
Central Military CoCommission
mmission = appoints police in China
Peop
People’s
le’s Libe
Liberation
ration Army = Chinese Armed forces.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations = basis for regulation of the Rank promotion Examination for police officer.
THAILAND PO POLICE
LICE SYSTEM
Roy
Royal
al Thai P
Police
olice = formerly known as THAILAND NA NATIONAL
TIONAL POLICE DEPAR
DEPARTMENT
TMENT (TNPD)
= In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of
the Prime Minister using the name Roy
Royal Police. The position of its supreme head was changed from that of the
al Thai Police
Director-General of the TNPD to the Commissioner-Gener
Commissioner-General al of the R
Royal
oyal Thai P
Polic
olic e
Roy
Royal
al Thai P
Police
olice Headquarters = based in Bangkok
Po
Police-General
lice-General = highest rank of the Royal Thai Police
Po
Policeman
liceman / Constable = lowest rank
Philippine P
Police
olice System
During the Spanish R Regime
egime
Maintenance of law and order is a part of the military system for the defense of the colony;
Locally organized police forces although performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of the colonial
military establishments; (policemen in appearance yet colonial soldiers in the ultimate sense.
Police functions consisted mainly of (1) suppression of brigandage by patrolling unsettled areas;
(2) detection of local or petty uprising by spying upon the work and movements of the people and;
(3) the enforcement of tax collection including church revenues .
Cuardilleros = a body of rural police organized in each town established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It
mandates that 5% of the able bodied male inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in this police
organization for 3 years. There services are originally not paid or gratuitous subject to some privileges
although in some province they received a proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00 depending on the
revenue collection.
Carabiner os De Seguridad P ublica = Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations of the
Carabineros
Department of State. This was armed and considered as the mounted police who later discharged the duties
of a port, harbor and river police. It was later given special commission by Royal Decree of December 20,
1842 and it was called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica ( Corps of Crabbiness for Public Security).
Gurdia Civil = Created by Royal decree on February 12, 1852, to partially relieve the Spanish peninsula
troops of their works in policing towns. It is consisted of a body of Filipino policemen organized originally in
each of the provincial capital of the province of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.)
Philippine Commission Act No. of 175 = (July 18, 1901) an act providing for the organization and
government of an Insular Constabulary.
Sec. 1, Act 255 of October 3, 1901 = renamed the Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary (a
national police institution for preserving peace, keeping order and enforcing the law.
Henry Allen = the first Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.
Raf
Rafael
ael Crame = the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary.
Act No 70 = (On January 9, 1901) The Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized
E.O. 389 = Ordered that the PC be one of the four services of the AFP, dated December 23, 1940.
P.D. 765 = Integration Act of 1975, dated August 8, 1975, established the Integrated National Police (INP)
composed of the PC as the nucleus and the Integrated local police forces as components, under the Ministry
of National Defense.
E.O. 1012 =transferred to the city and municipal government the operational supervision and direction over
the INP units assigned within their locality.
R.A. 4864 =It created the POLCOM (Police Commission) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police under the Officer of the President. Otherwise known as the Police
Professionalization act of 1966, dated September 8, 1966. It was later renamed as the National Police
Commission (NAPOLCOM).
E.O. 1040 = Transferred the Admin. Control and Supervision of the INP from the ministry of National
Defense to the National Police Commission
R.A. 6975 = It is otherwise known as the Department of Interior and Local Government Act of 1990,
enacted on December 13, 1990. Established the PNP, BFP, BJMP and the PPSC.
R.A. 8551 Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted 1998, amending the
provision of R.A. 6975
Act No. 181 = created the Division of Investigation (DI) of the Department of Justice dated November 1938.
R.A. 157 = created the National Bureau of Investigation, enacted June 19, 1947 and later reorganized by
R,A. 2678
Line and Staff = the organizational structure of the P.N.P. which is also adopted by many police organization
in the world.
P.N.P
.N.P. = headed by Chief with a rank of Director General with two (2) Deputy Director General (1) for
Administration and (2) for Operation. Although there are three (3) Deputy Director General ranks.
SOP No. 7 = prescribed PNP guidelines in the conduct of operations against terrorists and other lawless
elements involved in terrorist activities.
Branches of UN
1. UN general Assembly = This is the main decision- making and representative assembly in the UN through its
policies and recommendations. It is composed of all member states , is headed by a president elected from the
member states, and meets from September to December
Functions of Gener
General
al Assembly
a. Deliberative = initiating studies and making recommendations for the development of international law
b. Supervisory = receiving and considering annual and special reports from another organs
c. Financial = approval and apportionment of budget
d. Elective = election of non-permanent members of the security council
e. Constituent = admissions of members and the amendments of charter
2. UN Security Council = is another branch in the organization of the UN and is the most powerful of all the
branches.
FUNCTIONS
a. Preventiv
Preventive
e Action = consist of provisional measures to prevent a conflict from worsening, and may involve the
deployment of PEACEKEEPING AND OBSERVER missions
b. Enforce
Enforcement
ment Action = consist of deployment of air, sea and land forces
Five P
Permanent
ermanent Members of Security Council
1. China
2. France
3. Russia
4. United Kingdom
5. United States
*The other 10 members are rotating or elective me mbers for a period of two years by the General Assembly
members
3. International Court of Justice = Located in the Hague, Netherlands. This branch is responsible for the judicial
matters of the UN.
4.Secretariat = Its main responsibility is providing studies, information, and other data ne
needed
eded
5. Economic and Social Council = consists of 45 members elected by the General Assembly for a 3 year term.
6. Trusteeship Council = assists the security council and the general assembly in the administration of the
International Trusteeship System
UN CHAR
CHARTER
TER = it is closest to a constitution that basically governs the relations of international persons. Technically,
it is a Treaty.
TREA
TREATY
TY = an international agreement concluded between states in written form and sworn by international law,
whether embodied in a single instrument or in two or more instruments and whatever its particular designation.
INTERPOL
Interpol (1923) = (International Criminal Police Organization) is the police forces organization that primarily
manifest global or international cooperation in addressing transnational crime. Its headquarters was initially
located in Vienna Austria (it is where Interpol was founded) but at present it is transferred to Lyon Fr
France.
ance.
INTERPOL = is the world’s largest international police organization, with 190 member countri es. It exists to
help create a safer world by supporting law enforcement agencies worldwide to combat crime.
It aims to facilitate international police co-operation, and supports and assists all organizations, authorities
and services whose mission is to prevent or combat internal crime.
= the organization of law enforcement agencies worldwide that serves as transmisstransmission
ion or communication
line for the exchange of information, data and request for assistance betweenbetween and among the member
countries .
It focuses on: (1)1) Combat crimes and transnational crimes; (2) protect minorities against the dominant
groups; and (3) Maintain law e enforcement
nforcement regardless of rrace
ace or religion.
INTERPOL
INTERPOL’’ s Structure
General Assembly
Executive Committee
General Secretariat
National Central Bureaus
Advisers
The Commission for the Control of INTERPOL’s Files.
General Assembly = is the supreme governing body of the Interpol , it meets annually and comprises delegates
appointed by each member country. The assembly takes all important decisions related to policy, resources, working
methods, finances, activities and programmes.
Executive Committee = consisting of 13 members elected by the General Assembly and comprises the president,
three vice –presidents and nine delegates covering the four regions.
It is the INTERPOL’s select deliberate organ which meets three times a year
year,, usually in March, July and
immediately before th
the
e General Assembly
Assembly..
9 Delegates
Pieter Jaap AALBERSBERG (The Netherlands)
Fath ELRAHMAN Osman (Sudan)
Emmanuel GASANA (Rwanda)
Francisco GIL MONTERO (Spain)
Nobuyuki KAWAI (Japan)
Tariq KHOSA (Pakistan)
Sanna PALO (Finland)
Marcos VASQUEZ MEZA (Chile)
Timothy A. WILLIAMS (United States)
General Secretariat = (Lyon, France) operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the S ecretary Gener
General
al
al. It
Works with Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side using four official languages: Ar
Arabic,
abic, English, French and
Spanish . It consists of seven (7) regional offices across the world namely:
Argentina,
Cameron,
Cote D’Ivoire,
Kenya,
El Salvador,
Thailand, and
Zimbabwe.
National Central Bureaus (NCB) = Each INTERPOL member country maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by
National law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for the Genera
Generall Secretariat, regional
offices and other member countries requiring assistance with overseas investigations and the location and
apprehension of fugitives.
Advisers = these are experts in a purely advisory capacity, who may be appointed by the Executive Committee and
confirmed by the General Assembly.
INTERPOL
INTERPOL’s ’s Governance = comprises the General Assembly and the Executive Committee, which is headed by the
President.
The President of the Organization is elected by the General Assembly for a period of four (4) years . His role
is to chair the General Assembly and Executive Committee and ensure that INTERPOL’S activities conform with
decisions made at these meetings.
Oskar Dressler = the first secretary general of the Interpol.
Johann Schober = the first president of the Interpol.
INTERPOL
INTERPOL’S ’S NOTICE
1. Red Notice – a notice which is issued to seek the arrest or provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to
extradition.
2. Blue Notice – this type of notice is issued in order to locate, identify or obtain information on a person of interest
in a criminal investigation.
3. Green Notice – to warn about a person's criminal activities if that person is considered to be a possible threat to
public safety.
4. Y
Yel
el low Notice – to help locate missing persons, often minors, or to help identify persons who are unable to identify
ellow
themselves .
5. Black Notice – a notice issued to seek information on unidentified bodi es.
6. Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a person, an object or a process representing an imminent threat and
dange r to persons or property.
7. Purple Notice – issued to provide information on modus operandi, objects, devices and concealment methods used
by criminals.
8. INTERPOL –United Nations Security Council Special Notice – is issued for individuals and entities that are subject to
INTERPOL–United
UN sanctions .
*System of policing that serves as a grass root approach to bring the people and the police together in cooperative
manners:
Problem Oriented Policing
Community Oriented Policing
Cooperative Policing
Team Policing
INTERPOL
INTERPOL’s’s FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS
1. Secure Global Po
Police
lice Communications Services
INTERPOL developed the I-24/7 global police communications system to exchange crucial data quickly and
securely is a cornerstone of effective international law enforcement.
2. Operationa
Operationall Data Services and Databases for P
Police
olice
INTERPOL provides operational data services and databases for polic e to fight international crime,
police need access to information which can assist investigations or help prevent crime. INTERPOL manages several
databases, accessible to the INTERPOL bureaus in all member countries through its I-24/7.
3. Operationa
Operationall Police Support Services
a. 24-Hour Support
The Command and Co-ordination Centre (CCC) operates round the clock in all of INTERPOL’s four official
languages (English, French, Spanish and Arabic) and serves as the first point of contact for any member country
faced with a crisis situation.
b. Crisis RResponse
esponse and Major Events
In the event of a disaster or major crime, INTERPOL Response T Teams
eams or Disaster Victim Identification teams
composed of officers from the General Secretariat and member countries can be dispatched to the scene within hours
of an event.
c. International Alert SSystem
ystem
An important component of INTERPOL’s operational police support is the notice system, of which the Red
Notice for wanted persons is the most well known. In addition to the six color-coded notices (Red, Blue, Green,
Yellow
llow,, Black and Orange) , is the INTERPOL-United Nations Special Notice issued for groups or individuals who are
the targets of UN sanctions against Al Qaeda and the Taliban.
d. Analyzing Crime Data
Criminal intelligence analysis is recognized by the law enforcement community as a valuable tool, helping to
provide timely warning of threats and operational police activities. INTERPOL contributes to investigations by
assisting officers working at the General Secretariat and in member countries with research and analysis on crime
trends and with training courses in criminal analysis techniques.
4. P
Police
olice T
Training
raining an
and
d Development
As one of the 4 INTERPOL core functions, Police Training and Development continues to evolve as a priority
for INTERPOL and member countries.
ASEAN NA
NAT
T IONAL POLICE (ASEANAPOL)
1981 (Manila) = The first formal meeting of The Chiefs of ASEAN Police
= Attended by 5 original member countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand)
FIVE OTHE
OTHERR MEMBERS
1. Brunei 4. Myanmar
2. Cambodia 5. Vietnam
3. Lao
IMPORT
IMPORTANT
ANT DA
DATES
TES
1983 (Jakarta) = Endorsement of the model & design of ASEANAPOL logo
1984 (Kuala Lum
Lumpur)
pur) = Royal Brune
Bruneii Police became a member and joined the annual conference
1996 (Kuala Lum
Lumpur)
pur) = Vietnam joined as a new member
1998 (Brunei) = Laos joined ASEANAPOL
2000 (Myanmar) = My anmar became the 10th country to joined as a new member
Myanmar
2005 (Bali) = The setting up of a working group to consider the viability of establishing a permanent
ASEANAPOL Secretariat
= Silver Jubilee Commemoration of ASEANAPOL
2008 (Brunei) = The Royal Malaysia Police was chosen as a host of permanent ASEANAPOL Secretariat
2009 (Vietnam) = Adoption of Terms of Reference (TOR)
2010 = On 1st January 2010 commencement of ASEANAPOL Secretariat in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
ORANIZA
ORANIZATT ION
1. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMIT
COMMITTEE
TEE = comprise of deputy heads of delegation attending the annual ASEANAPOL
conference. It provides a summary reports of the activities of the Secretariat to the Head of the Delegation
Te nure of Services
a. Executive Dire
Director
ctor - 2 years
b. Directors - 3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans and Programs
*During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of Reference on the
establishment of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala Lu mpur was made the permanent seat .
Lumpur
*The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its operation fully on January 1, 2010
10.