SCUSEO

sUNS
AS PER
NEP Multiple Choice Questions
Chooseand write the correct option(s) in the following questions.
1. In which of the following does the central atom exhibit an oxidation state of +4? (CBSE 2023 (56/4/2)|
(a) K,[Ni(CN),! (b) |Cu(NH,),|* (c) |P(NH),CI,]
2. Metalic radii of some transition elements are given below. Which of these elements will have highest
density?
Element Fe Co Ni Cu
Metallic radi/pm 126 125 125 128 [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Fe (b) Ni (c) Co
3. Which of the following statements is not correct? [NCERT Exemplar]
) Copper liberates hydrogen from acids.
(b) In its higher oxidation states, manganese forms stable compounds with oxygen and fluorine.
(c) Mn and Co are oxidising agents in aqueous solution.
(d) Tiand Cr* are reducing agents in aqueous solution.
4. Which of the following is amphoteric oxide?
Mn,O,, CrO,, Cr,0,, Cro, V,0s, V,04 (NCERT Exemplar]
(h V,0,. Cr,0, (b) Mn,0,. CrO, (c) CrO, V,O, (d) V,O5. V,04
5. Which one of the following does not correctly represent the correct order of the property indicated
against it?
(a) Ti < V<Cr<Mn, increasing number of oxidation states
(b) Ti< V<Mn < Cr, increasing second ionisation enthalpy
( Ti< V<Cr<Mn, increasing melting point
() Ti < y* <Cr < Mn*, increasing magnetic moment
6. Which set of ionsexhibit specificcolours? [CBSE Sample Paper 2021
(Atomic number of Sc=21, Ti =22, V=23, Mn =25, Fe =26, Ni =28, Cu =29 and Zn =30)
(a) Sc+, Ti Mn+ (b) Sc*, Zn,Ni+ kcý y³t, y²t, Fet (d) Ti*, Ti,N/+
7. The magnetic moment is associated with its spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum.
Spin only magnetic moment value of Cr* ion is [NCERT Exemplar]
(a) 2.87 B.M. Ab) 3.87 B.M. (c) 3.47 B.M. (d) 3.57 B.M.
8. Transition elements show magnetic moment due to spin andorbital motion of electrons. Which of the
following metallic ions have almost same spin only magnetic moment?
(a) Co²+ (b) C2+ (c) Mnn2+ (d) Cr2+
9. The electronic configuration of Cu(ll) is 3a whereas that of Cu() is 3d'°. which of the following is
correct? (NCERT Exemplar]
Aa) Cu(II) is more stable
(b) Cu(I) is less stable
(c) Cu(I) and Cu(I) are equally stable
(d) Stability of Cu() andCu(ll) depends on nature of copper salts
10. Generally transition elements form coloured salts due to the presence of unpaired electrons. Which
of the following commpounds will be coloured in solid state? {NCERT Exemplar]
(a) Ag,S04 (65 CuF, (c) ZnF, (d) Cu,C,
11. Which of the following is the reason for Zincnot exhibiting variable oxidation state?
(CBSE Sanple Paper 2021]
(a) Inert pair effect k6) Completely tilled 3d subsheil
(c) Completely filled 4s subshell () Common ion effect

The d- and f- Block Elements 179

 12. Which of the following is a diamagnetic
ion? (CBSE Sample Paper2021
25 and 29 respectivelv)
(Atomic numbers of Sc, V, Mn and Cuare 21, 23,
(c)Cy2+ (d) Mn+
(a) y2
maximum number of'oxidation states are
13. Out of the following transition elements, the shown by
[CBSE 2020 (56/1/l)
(e) Sc (Z-2)
(b) Cr (Z= 24)
Mn (Z=25) (d) Fe (Z= 26)

14. The incorrect statement about interstitial compounds is

) They are chemically reactive. (b) They are very hard. ICBSE 2020 (56/2/11
() They retain metallic conductivity. (d) They have high melting point.
15. On addition of snall amount of KMnO, to concentrated H,SO4, a green oily compound is
which is highly explosive in nature. Identify the compound from the following. [NCERT
Mn,0, (0) MnO, (c) MnSO, (d) Mn,0,
obtExemapilnaedr
16. Generally transition elements and their salts are coloured due to the presence of unpaired
in metalions. Which of the following compounds are coloured?
a) KMnO, (6)Ce,(SO), (c) TiCl, (d) Cu,Cl,
electrons
17. When KMnO, solution is added to oxalic acid solution, the decolourisation is slow
the
but becomes instantaneous after some time because
(a) CO, is formed as the product. (b) Reaction is exothermic.
beginnianrig
[NCERT Exempl
(c) MnO, catalyses the reaction. sd) Mn acts as autocatalyst.
18. Which of the following reactions are disproportionation reactions?
(i) Cut Cut + Cu
[NCERT Exemplar
(i) 3MnO} +4H* 2Mn0, + MnO, + 2H,0
(iü) 2KMnO, ’ K,Mn0, + MnO, +0,
(iv) 2Mn0, + 3Mn* +2H,0 ’ 5Mn0, + 4H
á) (), (i) (b) (i), (ii), (iii) (c) (ii), (ii), (iv)
19. KMnO, acts an oxidising agent in (d) (), (iv)
acidic
needed to react with one mole of sulphide ions inmedium. The number moles of KMnO, that will be
of
acidic solution
is
(b)
3
4 [NCERT Exemplar)
(c) (d)
20. KMnO, acts as an oxidising
agent in alkaline medium. When alkaline
iodide ion is oxidised to KMnO, is treated with KI,
(a) I, (b) IO [NCERT Exemplarl
21. The most common and
stable (d) 10,
(a) +2
oxidation state of aLanthanoid is:
b) +3 (c) + 4
[CBSE 2023 (56/1/1)
22. (d) + 6
Gadolinium belongs to 4f series. It's atomic number is 64.
electronic configuration of gadolinium? Which of the following is the correct
[NCERT Exemplar)
(c) [Xe] 4f 6d? (b) [Xe]4fo sd' 6s
23. Which of the following (d) [Xe) 4f 5s!
characteristics of transition metals is associated with their catalytic
activity:
(a) Paramagnetic nature [CBSE 2023 (56/2/1)|
(b) Colour of hydrated ions
(c) High enthalpy of atomisation
(d) Variable oxidation states

180 Xam idea Chemistry-Xil

 4 Actinoids exhibit greater umber of oxidation states than lanthanoids. The main reason being
(a) more energy difference betwcen 5/ and 6d than between 4f and 5f-orbitals.
(b) 4forbitals are more diffused than the 5f-orbitals.
lesser energy difference between 5fand 6d than between 4fand 5d-orbitals.
more reactive nature of the actinoids than the lanthanoids.
25. The magnetic moment of [NiCI, [CBSE 2023 (56/5/2)|
(a) 1.82 BM (5 2.82 BM (c) 4.42 BM (d) 5.46 BM
JAtomic number: Ni= 281
6. Which property of transition metals enables them to behave as catalysts? [CBSE 2023 (56/5/2)]
(a) High melting point (b) High ionisation enthalpy
(c) Alloy formation sah Variable oxidation states
27. Which of the following analogy is correct?
ás Actinides : Radioactive :: Lanthanides : Non-radioactive
(b) Ti:Soft :: Zn : hard
(c) Zn* :Paramagnetic :: Co*:Diamagnetic
(d) Lawrencium:5f" 6d' 7s:: Cerium : 4f5 5a' 6?

Answers
1. (d) 2. (d) 3.(a) 4. (a) 5.(c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (a) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (c)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (d) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (a)
GUSED
AS PER
NEP I0N Assertion-Reason Questions

In the following questions, two statements are given-one labeled Assertion (A) and the other labeled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both Assertion (A)and Reason (R)are correctstatements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of
the Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A)and Reason (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation
of the Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect statement.
(d) Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct statement.
i. Assertion (4) : In transition elements ns orbital is filled up first and (n - 1)d afterwards,during ionization
ns electrons are lost prior to (n-1)d electrons.
Reason (R) : The effective nuclear charge felt by (n - 1)d electrons is higher as compared to that by
ns electrons.
2. Assertion (4) : Zn, Cd and Hg cannot be regarded as transition elements.
Reason (R) : These elements do not belong to the d-block of the periodic table.
3. Assertion (4): Manganese shows the highest oxidation state of +7 in 3d series.
Reason (R) : Transition metals show variable oxidation states. CBSE 2023 (56/4/2))
4. Assertion (A): Transition metals have low melting points.
Reason (R) : The invoBvement of greater number of (n -)d and ns electrons in the interatomic metallic
bonding. ICBSE 2020 (S64D)
3. Assertion (4) : Amongs1 Cu* andCu' ions, the more stable ions is Cu*.
Reason (R) : For determination of stability of an ion its electrode potential is more important factt
than its electronic configuration.
Eterments 181
The d andf-8iock
 6. Assertion (A) : Copper is a non-transition element.
Reason (R) : Copper has completely filled d-orbitals in its ground state. CBSE 2023 (56/42)1
7. Assertion (A): Transition metals have high melting point.
Reason (R) : Transition metals have completely filled d-orbitals
8. Assertion (A) : A Solution of ferric chloride on (CBSE 2020(56/42)
standing gives a brown precipitate.
Reason (R) : FeCl, possesses covalent bonds and chlorine bridge
9. Assertion (A) : Members of 4d and 5d series of
structure.
transition elements have nearly same atomic radii.
Reason (R) : Atomic and ionic radii for transition
elements are smaller than their correspondina
s-block elements.
10. Assertion (A) : The most common oxidation state exhibited by
actinoids is +2.
Reason (R) : All actinoids possess two electrons in 7s subshell.
11. Assertion (A) : Ce* is used as an oxidising agent in
volumetric analysis.
Reason (R) : Ce** has thetendency of attaining +3 oxidation state.
12. Assertion (A) : The degree of complex formation in actinides decreases in the order
MAt> MO0> M*> MO,
Reason (R) : Actinides form complexes with T-bonding ligands such as alkyl phosphines and thioethers.
Answers
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7.(c) 8.(b) 9.(b) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (b)
TENCE
0CUSED

Passage-based/Case-b
 OR
Qocause the standard potential of vanadium are rather smatl. making aswitch between oxidation states
relatively easy.
PASSAGE-2
nssinnm permanganate, (KMnO,) is prepared by fusion of pyrolusite, MnO, with KOH in the presence of arn
oxidising agent ike KNO, This produces the dark green potassium manganate, K,MnO, which disproportionates
tral or acidic solution to give purple permanganate ion. Potassium permanganate is an important oxidising
acidic. alkaline as well as neutral medium.
agent in
1. What is the state of hybridisation of Mn in MnO,?
2. Write an application of potassium permanganate.
1 What are the products formed after heating potassium permanganate?
OR
Draw the structure of permanganate ion. Is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic?

Answers
1. sp
2. I is used for the estimation of hydrogen peroxide.
3. K,Mno, 0, and MnO, willbe formed after heating of potassium permanganate.
OR

Mn

Tetrahedral permanganate ion

(purple)
It is diamagnetic.

CONCEPTUAL QUESTIONS
Copper atom has completely filled d-orbitals in its ground state but it is a transition element. Why?
(CBSE Chennai 2015]
Ans. Copper exhibits +2 oxidation state wherein it has incompletely filled dorbitals(3d® 4s hence, atransition
element.
0.2. Give reason:
Znis soft whereas Cr is hard. [CBSE South 20l6}
Ans. Cr(3d 4s') has five unpaired electrons in its d-orbitals whereas Zn (3d" 4s) has no unpaired electrons in
its d-orbitals. As a result of this weak metallic bonds exist in Znwhereas strong metallic bonds exist in Cr.
Hence, Znis soft whereas Cr is hard.
Q.3. Reactivity of transition elements decreases almost regularly from Se to Cu. Explain. [NCERT Exemplari
s. It is due to regular increase in ionisation enthalpy.
Arrange the following in increasing order of acidic character: [HOTSI
CrO,, Cr0,Cr,0,
Cro< Cr,0,< CrO, Higher theoxidation state,more willbe acidic character.
.Why does eopper not replace hydrogen from acids? [NCERTExempkurl
Ans. Cu shows E'
positive value.
Ele:hetrts ?83
The d- ndf- Block
 0.6. 1 hich divatent metal ion has muximmparamaguetic character among the tirst
ins,
Why?
ln usum[WiMhngnctic charICtcr becaUse of the maximum number of unpaired
has the
transitiOn meta
Q.7. \hough r and Co ions have same nunber of mpaired electrons but the magnetic electroS, Viz,5
(ris 3.87 B\Iand that of Co's 4.87 BM. VWhy? [NCERT Exemplar) (HOTSY
Ans, Due to symnetrical electronie Configuration there is no orbital conribution in C
jon.
Tnormen
Q.8,
apeciable orbital eontribution takes place in Co ion.
Out of Cu,(h and CuCL which is uore stable and why?
HoWev
INCERT Exemplar, HOTS
er
Lns, Cu(l, is more stable than CuCI, The sability of Cu"(aq) is more than Cu'(ag) due to the muCh
ncgative AofCu'aq) than Cu'taq). more
0.9. n' salts are white whilc n'salts are coloured. Why?
radiation in
ICBSE Patna 2015
Ans, Cu*3d 4 has one unpaired clectron in d-subshell which absorbs visible region
d-orbirteaslusl.tinNgg
coloured. Zn* (3d" 4s) has completely filled
transition and hence Cu salts are
ind-d are colourless.
radiation is absorbed for d-d transition and hence Zn salts
[CBSE Marking Scheme
Patna
Q. 10. Write any one use of pyrophoric alloys.
in making flints for lichte
2015\
Ans. Pyrophoric alloys emit sparks when struck. Hence, they are used
ONSE OD
AS PER
NEP Short Answer Questions-I
SNO
Each of the following questions are of 2 marks.
Q. 1. Use the data to answer the following and also justify giving reason:
Cr Mn Fe Co
-0.91
EM -1.18 0.44 -0.28
EM -0.41 -1.57
() Which is a stronger reducing agent in aqueous mediunm, Cr* or Fe*
-0.77 +1.97
and why?
(ii) Which is the most stable ion in +2 oxidation and why?
Ans. i) C*,due to lower standard reduction potential [CBSE 2019 (56/4/))
(E")/Higher standard oxidation potential.
(ii) Mn*,due to highest negative standard reduction potential.
Q. 2. In the following ions:
Mn, y²t, Cr,Ti*
(Atomic no. : Mn = 25, V= 23, Cr= 24, Ti= 22)
(i) Which ion is most stable in an aqueous
solution?
(ü) Which ion is the strongest oxidizing agent?
(iii) Which ion is colourless?
(iv) Which ion has the highest number of unpaired
Ans. () Cr* because of half filled t,, level.
electrons? [CBSE (F) 2017|
(ii) Mn+ , as the change from Mn
to Mn results in stable half filled (d)
(iii) Ti, as Ti* has empty d-orbitals therefore d-d configuration.
transition cannot occur in Ti".
(iv) Mn" (3d"4s). It has 4 unpaired
electrons.
Q.3. Give reasons for the following:
(i) E° values of Mn, Ni and Zn are more
negative than expected.
(i) (Ti(H,0)}" iscoloured while (Se(H,0), is colourless. [HOTS]
OR
Ti iscoloured whereas Se* is
colourless in aqueous solution. [CBSE 2020 (56/5/1)|
184 Xam ideaChemistry-XI1
 Q9. Tramsiting tals can at as cataly sts hecaue these can chang thheir esidatin tate
Fellli atalyse the reacton between jide and pervaiphale kot:

Role of Fe illoms

2Fe 2S0;
Q. 10. Explain each of the following observations:
resistant than Fetowards oxidation.
much more Ln
Mo is lanthanoids, ICBSE Delhi
(a) Among Dcompoonds are predominant. However. occasionally
and +4 inns are also obtained. CBSE
or in solid compounds, +2
stable than Mnd'. half filled: while Fed half 6lledi 1s more IAI 1
Ans, 1) Mn td'h is less
Fed' That is why MnIs more
resistance than Fe tow ards oudation stable hg
+4oridation states fo attain extra stable andd f
( Lanthanotd metals show +2 and
observations:
Q. 11. Explain each of the following larger number of oxidation states than the lanthanoids
conhgurato
Actinoids exhibit a much
[CBSE 2019 562)
(Ü) There is hardly any increase in atomic size with increasing atomic numbers in a series &
transition metals.
and 7s-subshells in actinojds
(CBSE (F 200
Ans. (0 This is due to small energygap between 5f. 6d
increased nuclear cha
(ú This is because with increase in atomic number in a senes, the
cancelled by the increased shielding effect of elec°ons in the d-orbitals of penulimate

AS PER

NEP
ION Short Answer Questions-I

Epch of the following questions are of 3 marks.

Q. 1.
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni
E -0.91 - 1.18 -0.44 -0.28 -0.25 +0.34

From the given data of E" values, answer the following questions:
(i) Why is E'crCa, value exceptionally positive?
(ü) Why is EMoMo,value highly negative as compared to other elements?
(iüi) Which is a stronger reducing agent Cr or Fe*? Give reason. (CBSE Patna 2015) [HOTS
Ans. (i) Copper has high enthalpy of atomisation and low enthalpy of hydration. Since the high energy
to transform Culs) to Cutaq) is not balanced by hydration enthalpy. therefore. Eo ale is
exceptionally positive.
(ii) This is due to extra stability of half-filled 3d-orbitals of Mn(3d)
(ii) Refer to NCERTIntext Questions, Q.7.
).2. The elements of 3dtransition series are given as:
Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn
Answer the following:
) Copper has exceptionally positive E value. Why?
(ä) Which element is astrong reducing agent in +2 oxidation state and why?
(iüü) Zasalts are colourless. Why? |CBSE East 2010

186 Xamn idea Cheinistry-XI

Ans.
aBecause the sum of sublimation cnthalpy and hydration enthalpy to convertCus) to Cu'taq) is so
bigh that it is not balarnced by its hydration enthalpy.
(i) Cr is strongest reducing agent in +2 oxidation state. Cr has configuration 34. Affer losing one
electron it forms Cr" which has stable half filled t,, level.
( Zn(3d") has completcly filled d-orbitals. Asa result of this, d-dtransition cannot occur and hence.
Zn salts are colourless.
() For M'M and M"/M systems,E values for some metals are as follows:
0.3.
Cr*/Cr =-0,9 V CrICr=- 0.4 V
MnMn=- 1.2 V MnMn= +1.5 V
Fe/Fe =-0,4 V FeFe*= +0.8 V
Use this data to comment upon
of Cr and Mn.
(a) the stability of Fe inacid solution as compared to that
similar process for either Cror
(b) the ease with which iron can be oxidised as compared to the
Mn metals.
the complex K,[Mn(CN),, Magnetic
(ü) What can be inferred from the magnetic moment of (CBSE Sample Paper 2016]
moment: 2.2 BM?
greater is the ease with which it undergo reduction.
() (a) Higher the reduction potential of a species,
Ans. reduction potential. Hence Mn can be
Among these pairs, Mn"Mn* has largest positive
has a negative E value,therefore,Cr*
easily reduced to Mni.e., Mn* is least stable. Cr*/Cr*
small. Hence, Fe* is more stable than Mn but
is most stable. Fe/Fe has a positive value but
less stable than Crt
oxidation potential of a species, greater is the ease
(b) Lower the reduction potential or higher the
pairs, Mn"Mn has the most negative reduction
with which it undergo oxidation.Among these easily oxidised. Thus,
Therefore, it will be most
potential or most positive oxidation potential.
oxidation is Mn > Cr> Fe.
the decreasing order of their ease of
K,[Mn(CN)J, Mn is in +2 oxidation state. Magnetic moment 2.2 BM indicates that
(ii) In the complex complex. In
unpaired electron and hence forms inner orbital or low spin octahedral
it has only one
hybridisation involved is dsp'.
presence of CN, a strong ligand the
0.4. Account for the following:
(i) Euis a strong reducing agent.
changes to yellow in alkaline medium.
(ii) Orange colour of dichromate ion (CBSE (F) 2017]
Ey2-N values for transition metals show irregular variation.
(üi) common oxidation state of lanthanoids.
change to Eu" as +3 is the
Ans. (i) This is because Eu tends to due to conversion of
alkaline medium, the orange colour of the solution changes to yellow
(ii) In
dichromate (Cr,0,) ion to chromate (CrO4) ion.
Cr,0 + 20H 2Cr0} +H,0
Yellow
Orange
and also the
irregularity is due to the irregular variation of ionisation enthalpies (A,H + AH) nno!').
(i) The for Mn (240 kJ mol) and V(470 kJ
enthalpies which are relatively much less
sublimation
 UCTE SNOLS Ktng sCheme 2022

NEP Long Answer Questions

SNOD
Each of the following questions are of 5 marks.
(0. 1) i) The elements of 3d transition series are
Sc Ti V
given as:
Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Answer the following:
(a) Which element has the highest m.p. and
why?
(b) Which element is a strong oxidising
agent in +3 oxidation state and why?
(c) Which element is soft and why?
(iü) Write the equations involved in the
preparation of potassium dichromate from sodium chromate
(Na,CrO).
Ans. (i) (a)Cr, the highest melting point of Cr is attributed to (CBSE (F) 2016]
the involvement of greater number of
electrons(5) from 3d in addition to 4s electrons in interatomic metallic bonding.
(b)Mn, because the change from Mn* (d)to Mn* (d) results in the half
which has extra stability. filled configuration
(c)Zn, in Zn (3d" 4s) all the electrons present in d-orbitals are
paired and hence metallic bonds
present in it are weak. That is why, it is soft.
(iü)) Sodium chromate is acidified with sulphuric acid to give a
solution from which orange sodium
dichromate, Na,Cr,0,.2H,0can be crystallised.
2Na,CrO, + 2H* Na,Cr,0, + 2Na + H,0
Sodiumn dichromate is more soluble than potassium dichromate. The latter is therefore,
treating the solution of sodium dichromate with potassium chloride.
prepared by
Na,Cr,0, + 2KCi K,Cr,0, + 2NaCI
(i) Is the variability inoxidation number of transition elements different from that of
non-transition
elements? Illustrate with examples.
(iü) Give reasons:
(a) d-block elements exhibit more oxidation states than f-block elennents.
(b) Orange solution of potassium dichromate turns yellow on adding sodium hydroxide to it.
(c) Zirconium (Z= 40) and Hafnium (Z 72) have almost similar atomic radii.
[CBSE Sample Paper 2017)
Ans. () In transition elements, the oxidation states differ from each other by unity, e.g.. Fe and Fe e.,
while in non-transition elements (p-block elements), the oxidation states differ by two, e-g-. . a
pb, etc
The d- and f- Block Elements 191