Full Scaned Book

Functional Sanskrit:
Its Communicative Aspect
startfa1H:, 3at
. 20,o0
ISBN 81-7058-448-5
Available at
SABDA, Sri Aurobindo Ashram, Pondicherry - 605002
FOREWORD
Everywhere there is a demand that Sanskrit should be simple so that it can be
learned easily. The demand is genuine. But how to fuifil it ? This
book is the first or
its kind to serve this end.
It is fair to ask the

question: "What do we mean by simple Sanskrit ? The
answer is given by the author through his close perception of the lucidities of
Sanskrit from both historical and functional standpoints.
The book is an in-depth study and a good piece of progressive research for
establishing that Sanskrit can be both simple and fully communicative. This proves
how far Sanskrit is simpler to learn than other Indian and foreign languages
The introduction stresses the relevance of Sanskrit in the present context in a
multlingual country like India. The first chapter indicates the affity and closeness
of Sanskrit with some foreign and Indian languages. The second and third
chapters provide a framework of learning and teaching of simple Sanskrit with
eleven well-designed lessons and a vocabulary of common words. The fourth,
fifth, sixth and seventh chapters deal with selection and gradation of grammatical
elements, vocabulary, choice of patterns, determination of gender, morphopho
nemic rules, word-formation, dictionary of roots and different paradigms. The
concluding chapter records the author's observations.

The author has evolved and presented some new techniques and methods to
facilitate rapid learning.

I hope this work of Dr. Narendra will receive the attention of learners and learned
critics for its pragmatic features, new methodology and freshness of ideas.
Dr. Keshab Chandra Dash

Puri
3.10.95 Head of the Deptt. of Nyaya
Sri Jagannath Sanskrit Vishvavidyalaya, Puri
Vijayadashami
341 341keh
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Abla. Ablative Masc./M. Masculine

Accu. Accusative Math. Mathematics
Anat. Anatomy Mech. Mechanics
Bact. Bacteriology Med. Medicine
Biochem. Biochemistry mil.
Biol.
military
Biology n. noun
Bot. Botany Nom. Nominative
Chem. Chemistry p page
Comm. Commerce Pp. pages
CWM/MCW Collected Works of the
Phys. Physics
Mother/Mother's Photog.
Collected Works SABCL
Photography
Sri Aurobindo Birth
Elec. Electricity
Edt. Editor Centenary Library
Fem./F. Feminine
Surg. Surgery
Vol. Volume
Geni. Genitive
Geom. V.S.P. Vishwa Sanskrita
Geometry Pratishthanam
Instru. Instrumental
Loc. Locative Zool Zoology
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Panini and Patanjali cast the eternal linguistic mould of India out of which flow
in unbounded measure the expressions for the minutest and vastest percepts
and concepts which man has or will grasp in his pursuit of knowledge of the
texture of the universe.
0.. HAATT ATTitkraraT: uftarfr
e7HT i-^TTRI HTT H , 3uYTRT 4T9T , aA 4TT
to be the mother of all Indian languages: she has nursed all

Sanskrit happens
of them with care. The existence and development of all these languages
The
depends on Sanskrit. There is no sense of Indianness without Sanskrit.
Sanskrit as one of its
eighth schedule of the Indian Constitution recognises
Everyone should
languages. Indianness cannot be imagined without Sanskrit.
therefore, make himself acquainted with Sanskrit."
Tt 3 HAR (3O44 fora), 8R, Y. R6-9
3, a
Sri Aurobindo, The Foundations of Indian Culture, SABCL Vol. 14, 1972, p. 255
7
Comprehensive English-HindiDictionary, 1976, p.
"What Sanskrit Means to Me", FyHTA7, HTYEKHATa, Ti, 223, 7. 3
ACharya A. R.,
In the case of an Indian youth, he virtually ceases to be an Indian if he does
not have the atmosphere of Sanskrit in his temperament, either directly or
indirectly.. It is exceedingly important, in order to preserve the sense of self-
respect of an Indian educated person, that he should have aquaintance with
Sanskrit and its literature. Young men and women passing out of the High
Schools and the universities without any knowledge of their national heritage as
preserved in Sanskrit lack the very essential means to approach the outside
world confidently and with a sense of self-respect. The main reason for this is
that this Indian heritage has got the power to make those who possess it feel a
spiritual and intellectual assurance and self-confidence.
0.. HaTT HTARI TaA
The very sound of Sanskrit words gives a prestige and a power and a strength
to the race.
Sanskrit and prestige go together in India. As soon as you have that, none
dares say anything against you. That is the one secret; take that up."
Indeed the role of Sanskrit in modern India is very great. In the words of Max
Muller, "A people that can feel no pride in the past, in its history and
literature,
loses the mainstay of its national character. When
Germany was in the very
depth of its political degradation, it turned to its ancient literature and drew hope
for the future from the study of the
past."
0.8. A4TEZT47 TfaTa-EHTGA1: giauH
The only safety, I tell you men who

belong to the lower castes, the only way to
raise your condition is to study
Sanskrit.
Report of the Sanskrit Commission, 1956-57, 1958,

pp. 89-90
Complete Works, Vol. I1, Advaita
Ibid., p. 299
Ashrama, Calcutta, p. 290
Suravag-Viläpam (Introduction p. i), 1980
The Vedanta Keshari, Sri
Ramakrishna Math, Mylapore, Madras, May 1962, p. 16
to
Sanskrit scholars ? Why do you not spend millions
Sa
not become
do you The moment
Sanskrit education toall castes of India ? That is the question.
Why
bring are equal to the Brahmin,'
things, you
nl
yo u
do these
it's
fuller and subtler language, so
is better. Sanskrit is a much
Sanskrit are so artificial (by this,
I
much better. But these modern languages
orobably and remove the
cut things up into little pieces
mean superficial, intellectual); they
light b e h i n d . *
because no
language in India which can take the place of Sanskrit
There is no lives.
contact with the inner spirit of our
has the s a m e intimate
other language as we choose but
it is not and
the dead weight of English as long
We may carry Even Hindi, which is
Indian language. li has no roots in our soil.
can never be an
after all only a
section of the Indian population, is
the language of a very large which it covers is by far
the largest.
although the region
regional language,
associated with the life of
the people over the
alone is
Sanskrit and Sanskrit and in the
in the family circle, in the market place
heard
whole country. It is but once
this heritage. It can never be replaced
Let us not play with great will be
temple. political independence
we shall c e a s e to
be Indians. Even our
we lose it, the world at large.
either to ourselves or to
of hardly much value
H
Complete Works, Vol. I, pp. 298-99
Evolutives, Paris, Vol. I,

1979, p. 430
Institut de Recherches
Mother's Agenda, 1966, p. 42
FataeyfRTT, 3TEHferaya-qaT4, as, 200-201
May
"India's NationalLanguage, New Delhi, 1965, pp.

0.. TAN THNAt HrkYTUT
those who belong to a Hindi-speaking province. Sanskrit

Hindi isgood only for
is good for all Indians.
TPITITEJ1
(T) 4 3auea: KH T9T 3744 TRT: 3HTRTYUITa
Chakravarti Dhyanesha Narayana, 77&7 T HFd, 1967, p. 63

The Mother and Sri Aurobindo on Sanskrit, 1994, p. 9
Hindi has a variety of dialects, half a dozen of which possess an
appreciable amount of
literature, produced largely in the Middle Ages.
Raghu Vira, India's National Language. p. 276
Huchzermeyer Wilfried, "Sanskrit, the Perfect Lingua Franca", The Hindu, Open page.
8 September 1981
The Sanskrit words are the only link between the North and South
Indian languages.
Raghu Vira, India's National Language, p 27
*46.75% Sanskrit words in current Hindi
Dikshit Sadananda, Sanskrit
Language in Modern Times (unpublished
doctoral thesis), Sri
Jagannath Sanskrit Vishwavidyalaya Puri, 1988, 900 p
o.9. T9Te1: F
0.. ATATT: 4tq4
as far as possible pure a usel"* gfa 3&ui yNTT Harish Trivedi

*The entire universe is a manifestation of
three
macro level, there is Brahma
principles-Positive, Negative and Neuter. At the
(neuter), Purusha (positive) and Prakriti (negative). At the micro level we
have atoms
comprising protons (positive), electrons (negative) and neutrons
living creatures, there are male, female and (neuter). Among the
hermaphrodite (combining the characteristics of both
sexes). Sanskrit and English have three
entire
genders-masculine,
feminine and neuter into which the
phenomena of the universe
be classified. Hindi has
can
only two gendersmasculine and
feminine. The absence of the neuter
gender Hindi restricts the comprehension of universal
in
phenomena and the vision of the Hindi-speaking
people.
Prasad Sukhdev,
"How to Make Sanskrit Simpler and Easy to Learn", The Hindu, May 17, 1988,
In p. 17
Sanskrit, one has past, present and future participles
where only past and
single words unlike as in English
as
present participles are used. By the use of the single word
De
economy of words and string clauses without
participles, there can
Iosing the link. In Hindi, it is not possible to
expressa
participle in a single word
(unless borrowed from Sanskit). Thus in Hindi there is no scope for
economy of words. Ibid.
n both
Sanskrit and English, the verb does not
Dut in
Hindi the verb
change according to the gender of the subject.
changes to either masculine or feminine form according to the
Subject. The scheme of gender of the
Sanskrit and English is more rational. bid.
The Future of
Hindi", The Hindu, May 15, 1994
In the global electronic inundation by English of all other languages and
cultures to which the floodgates have recently been opened in India through our
liberalization", will Hindi literature perish and go under, will it be "taken over" by
something rather more consumerist, or will it on the contrary be newly stimulated
and creatively revitalized by the challenge ? Judging by its nature and past
history,frT progress possibilities endless-if this is "Hindi" and such is
"progress" ..*
Oscar Luis Chavarria-Aguilar 4EIET 3farf faUt=

Continued over-emphasis on the integrity, or the sovereignty, or the right to
self-determination of the regional languages, can lead not only to the total eclipse
of any hopes that Hindi will eventually become the de facto national language of
India, beyond mere constitutional recognition, but may also seriously affect the
fabric of all-India unity
44 Sardar K. M. Panikkar 4813Y q744
sTUraHRR74-
Where talk of our national genius being
we
unity in diversity, of the fundamen-
tal oneness of Indian mind what
etc., we really mean is the dominance of
Sanskrit which overrides the regional differences and
achieves
linguistic peculiarities and
a true national character in our thought and emotions and ever gives
form and shape to the languages.
Sanskrit is India's one national
language and whatever position Hindi mayy
achieve as Vyavahara Bhasha or the common
India will collapse if it ceases to be related
language of the future, the unity of
to Sanskrit or breaks
Sanskrit tradition. away from
Sanskrit alone has that
pre-eminence which Hindi could never claim over the
great regional languages, enabling her to maintain and
India the supreme claim to Indian uphold in every region of
knows Sanskrit is a better
unity. It may indeed be said
that one wh0
Indian, for he is in a position to
part of India has contributed to appreciate what every
it.
0.. oa:7 3HTYTT ?
"The Future of
**
Hindi'", The Hindu, May 15, 1994
Lectures in
Linguistics, Deccan College, Poona,
Souvenir, The First 1954, p. 66
Tamilnadu State
Tamilnadu, February 1985, Conference, Neyveli, Vishwa Sanskrita
in Tamil Section, p.ii Pratishthanart,
tagHs: HIT H T: 350 HfaAI Clarence Maloney HEC:
It would be impossible to find an example of a civilisation or cultural system

that was inherently dynamic, creative, long-lasting and made a mark on history in
which the elite spoke a foreign language. Such a civilisation just does not exist."
In all industrialised countries science is taught in schools and colleges-

including medical and engineering colleges-in the people's language, while at
the same time children in school know a couple of other languages so that those
who want to go in for higher scientific thought do not find it difficult. Why do many
Indians ignore this and think that college science education also has to be
words
imparted in foreign language ? When there are some 50,000 agricultural
a
universities go on and on
in an Indian language, why do many agricultural
care to really listen to
teaching English, producing "graduates" who do not The
farmers or to speak with them in terms of their own linguistic categories?
same is true of doctors.3
has more successfully

Nothing has stood more in the way of the rapid progress in India, nothing
of
under modern conditions than the long overshadowing
prevented her self-finding and development
the English language.
the Indian tongues as cultural instruments by
Political Thought, 1971, pp. 494-95
Sri Aurobindo, SABCL Vol. 15, Social and
the heart-throb of
No true Indian who is close to the soul of the
country, who is in touch with
her natural speech.
Bharat Mata', will ever believe that English is
The First Tamilnadu
"Sanskrit-the Perfect Lingua Franca", Souvenir,
Huchzermeyer Wilfried, 13
Pratishthanam, Tamilnadu, February 1985, p.
State Conference, Neyveli, Vishwa Sanskrita
Political Thought, 1971, p. 493
Sri Aurobindo, SABCL Vol. 15, Social and
284
Raghu Vira, India's National Language, p.
June 1994
Language and Creativity", The Hindu, 21
Ibid.
202
Haghu Vira, India's Natonal Language, p.
S1-tA1-P
Scitaminaceae
Labiatae
Annonaceae
Solanaceae
Coniferae Magnoliaceae
Rutaceae
Amarantaceae 3494T1-q
Lythraceae tsH-oH Monocotyledonous Uchl
TT45U:
Nymphaceae Opuntia
Pendanaceae Orology yaatai-H*
Michael West HBER HATARUI KEYTETUP: RAI-3A: 3THTTAI: 9T8UTH
0.o. qTA-HYEhHTT
On the practical plane must

one acknowledge that in terms of its grammar,
phonetics, vOcabulary and the Devanagari script, Sanskrit becomes a wonderfully
Raghu Vira, India's National Language, p. 219

Sri Aurobindo, SABCL Vol. 20, The
Synthesis of Yoga, 1971, pp. 11-12
Satpathy Amarnath Kavi, Methods of Upanisadic
Teaching: A Study (M. dissertation)
Phil.
Dept. of Nyaya Philosophy, Sri Jagannath Sanskrit
Vishwavidyalaya, Puri, 1987. p. 17
Huchzermeyer Wilfried, "Sanskrit-the Pertect Lingua Franca", Souvenir, V. S. P., Tamilnadu.
Feb. 1985, p. 13
efficient venicie
o communication.
It is not surprising that recent ical
studies abOut the relative suitability of different languages and scripts for usE ernp
Computer programming
and operation indicated that Sanskrit in
script waS not only the most suitable but also that it perfectly satisfied everyDevandga
requirement as an optimal medium for use ..
The culture of Sanskrit and Sanskrit literature is
actually the culture of syntnes
and assimilation. The message of Sanskrit literature is one of humanism, of uniuy
humankind, of values, of peace and mutual understanding and of
development of the individual and the society. Acquaintance with such literature
harmoniou
can only elevate and widen one's outlook. Far from being obscurantist, the
Sanskrit literature can be a positive force for progress and growth in the rignt
direction.
It would help us to remain not too far behind those other countries that have
anc
surged far ahead of us in reaping the benefits of the study of Sanskrit
Sanskrit literature ..
It would help reviving the ethos of India because synthesis, harmony ana
reconciliation comprise the essence of the culture of Sanskrit.
research
It would help us to unlock the treasure-house of scientific insights and
resuits concerning positive sciences in our ancient literature.
It would help us in using Sanskrit as a medium par excellence in Computer
operations and as a language technology.

for the new
It would help us to invigorate languages of lIndia. As Gandhiji said,

various
feel that if it were to
'Sanskrit is like the river Ganga for our languages. always
I
and power. It seems to
dry up the regional languages also would lose their vitality
elementary knowledge of Sanskrit is
essential.'
me that an
consideration
makes me say so but practical
lt is not sentiment on my part that
and the vast knowledge held by
of the utility to our country of this great language
and we
has gone and the present is with us
To quote Jawaharlal, 'The past
no doubt that whatever shape
that future may take,
work for the future. But I have
most valued of
and the most powerful and the
one of the biggest, the strongest
our legacies will be the Sanskritlanguage.
0 . . pafaua fyaTrUT
1988
of Sanskrie", The Indian Nation, 11 January
Sharma Shankar Dayal, "Legacy
Sanskrit can be
followed without exception even by those who do not know
the language or can speak it.
Sanskrit was simplified, it could serve

If
as a better link
different States and solve the armong the people in
language problem."
a i TrR-fa-4 faaren C. Kunhan Raja HEINT7: F f -
The Sanskrit
language has been fully analysed and all facts relating to
structure of the
language have been collected, classified and interpreted in the
on
grammar. When we take the entire field, there are works
the language, the many difficult corners within
works on grammar present a
also. In the case of other picture these difficult corners
of
of the facts; so the
languages, there has not been such a scientific
analysis
difficult corners are not brought to the notice
study the languages. They pass such corners as a of those who
matter of course and
accustomed to the thorn-bites, they
jolts and bumps during the journey. In the caseget of
Sanskrit, all such corners have been
lead a beginner in the properly chartered, and it is
language clear of all such difficulties. That isvery easy
to0
that Sanskrit is one of the why I said
simplest of languages. On the
other hand, what
actually takes place is that students are first
frightened, and there has spread this brought into such corners and
difficult language... Sanskrit is like superstition that Sanskrit is the most
with gates leading to it and
a
well-kept garden with fencing around; and
roads within. Other
with thorny bushes around
and narrow paths in
languages are like open meadows
between.
0.R. HE HRFTYH
HT 4: 3 Y:| 37444: R.2.2?
"The Indian Nation, 1 February 1987

The Hindu, 9 April 1983
The Future Role of Sanskrit, The
Adyar Library, 1949, p. 20
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HfH H P.D. Gune HETERI 4 3TaATP4| TU7-

Later research has proved that what is popularly called Hindi is really divisible
into two groups [western and eastern Hindi] which have
common with each other than with sometimes less n
Punjabi and Bihari respectively
(T) HET
*Hindi has, however, a

bewildering variety of dialects. People from U. P. have told me that
Hindi is accepted as the State language the population of western United
learn it afresh, because they do not know that Provinces woud
Maitra
Lakshmikanta, Constituent language.
An Introduction to Assembly Debates, Vol. Ix, 13 September
1949, pp. -57
Comparative Philology, Poona Oriental Book
House, 1970. p. 26*
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Past Indeinite.
Fem. firÍI T Y/HE 3T7 I
I fell.
M. TI I TE uaaisteA I
Past Definite.
Ihavefallen. F.
.
Past Perfect. M.
I had fallen.
Past Contingent. M.
I may have fallen. F.
Past Presumptive. M.
I might have fallen. F.
.
Past Indicative. M.
Had I fallen. F
Indicative Indefinite. M. fRaTI 3AE

I would fall.
F.
3ufqqi
Present Indefinite.
M.
I fall.
F.
Past Imperfect.
M.
I was falling.
F.
Present
I may be Contingent. M.
frI ESI
falling. F. TA4
Present Presumptive. M.
Imust be falling. F.
Present Indicative. M.
Had I been falling. F.
Contingent Future. M. fTI 3HË TAYH

I may fall F.
. 77R 4fGy
Indefinite Future. M
I shall fall. F.
Imperative. M/F. f I 3T A I
Let me fall or mayI fal
Past Continuous. M
I was falling. F.
Present Continuous. M.
I am falling. F.
. . aiY-YTITY HYTYT
34 374f: afta, aeI T5, H4, M, 3AfS3T, f , TAu, qusi
4T4TR afeeHErIy, T7d, TTYUTH, 4ETHRTH, 37-41f

379:I: a F a : aH-HCH-TM:
HT: 34974 3ANTH

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374744
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HEUIH
f
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4
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(HFF-HHTYU-1:)
T6 3 R a - 3 7 T Spoken Sanskrit ai:
auETH
f&ctensere
ae:uftErRA YVA-"afe f fe-H
sf4 ?"
FHR:a-"qr4! 3q uGIH I" (Ty4!aHf 94 )
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34524q1
? Y Ifa ?" ( aE! 4i f i ufa ? f 4 a f ?)

R.. Tar
(6) 3fa fasi!
fasif af fast!
f zé ?
Sri Aurobindo, Karmayogin, SABCL Vol. 2, 1972, pp. 20-21

Sanskrit Songs for Children
New Delhi.
(cassette), Surabharati Somaiya Sanskrit Kendra, d Marg
() HT 4
() arisE4*
fA:T6: AH5: TRITTHGARI
HIEH.
HIEH ...
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o t s - f f4:! a-faaI fa f ?
Eciatsear
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f&citensera:
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10 11 12
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13 14 15 16
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In Sanskrit nouns and pronouns have three genders: the masculine gender
(~: ~=), the feminine gender (~ cstlfMcf>I) and the neuter gender ( ~
~)I
~ 3Wt ! Good morning, Sir !

~ ~ ! Good morning, Gopal !
~ : 'cf>: ( 31fu:f) ? Who is this (boy/man) ?
~ : ~ : I This (boy/man) is Suresh.
~ : (fc:f 'cf>: ? What is this (boy/man) to you ?
•
I
,I
I
I
.
~ =J:JJ:J ~ : 1 He is my nephew 1
to him .
~~ cfi: ( 3lfff) ? What are you
. t na l) uncle .
ae r
~~ ~ : (~ ) 11amh1s(m
~: cfi: ? Who is he ?
~: lfi:r ~ = 1 He is my
relative.
me ?
~ ;rrq ~ ? What is his na
Ramesh .
~ ;rrq ~ : 1 His name is
ll.
~= ~ = 91raJ (;r 3lfuf) 1 He is not we. .
?
you (pl.) going ·
~ ¥ ~~? Where are
ing to the hospital.
~ M~ ffi l& 4 ~ = I We are go
l& 4 ~~ I He is going
to the hospital.
~= M~ ffi
I ?
~ ~ ? Where are you going
¥ l?
~ ~ ? Are you going to the hospita
~ M~ ffi i& 4
1am going to the school.
;r, ~ ~©,&4 ~ 1 No,
Translate into Sanskrit- foot

is is my rig ht ha nd . Th is is my left hand. This is my
This is my hand. Th ear. This is my right ear. Th
is
is is my left foo t. Th is is my
This is my right foot. Th left side. This is our Ashram
. This
is is my
II
rig ht sid e. Th
is my left ear. This is my
t lesson.
is our school. This is the firs ch er. He is going to the school.
I am
is ou r tea
I Is Surendra your rel
also going there. Where
ativ e
are
?
you
He
go ing
r school ?
? Are you going to the Ashram ? Wh
ere is
your Ashram ? Where is you de nt. I am also a student. He lea

rns .
r-in -la w. He is a stu
Devendra is his brothe school daily. We come to
the
Th e tea ch er com es to the
You learn. I too learn. not a task-master. We go
to the
r frie nd an d he lpe r. He is
school daily. He is ou Ashram ?
go to the As hra m da ily ? When do you go to the
Ashram daily. Do you ho p/market? What is your na
me ?
As hra m/ sch oo Vo ffic e/s
When do you go to the Devendra !
od da y Ra me sh ! Go od night Suresh ! Good evening
Go y.
using the following vocabular
Now make similar sentences
g.
1
'ff: ~ - H e goes/is goin
g.
(Cf ~ -Y ou go/are goin
3Tt ~ - I go/am going.
~ He goes to the Ashram daily.
31TWJ ~I
'ff:
.
is coming from lhe Ashram
~ 'ff: 31 T~ ~ I Now he comln I
(Cf ¥= ~ ~
? Why are you 9 ate ? or Why do you come late ?
VOCA BULA RY
Also ~ l.Jorary ~("" 'A :

And ~ Less on %3:
Boy ~ : Man ~ :
Brother-in~ law ~ = Mark et fciQtuJ : (f .)
Daily s.@R-11.J Our di~l< f.J{
'
Ear c:f;UT: Office q,.14f64 :
First ~ Right ~
Foot ~ : Scho o !ciatc-54:
Goo dday ~ Shop ~ :
Good evening -{iB141l Side ·-qm:
Good night ~ : Student ~=
Hand ffl: Task-master cf>l-l if4 a3:
Left hand qp::f: ffi: Teacher ~ :
Righ t hand ~ : ffl: There cf-i
He,l per Bi?l4cfi: Too 31N
Frien d and helpe r mslJ' Bi?l4cfi: :q- Where ¥
Left qp::r Wh en~
Lear ns (3rd per. sing.) 'Cfofu
previous lesson :
Sanskrit trans lation of the English exercises in the
qµ:J: ffl: I ~: 11li ~ : I ~:
~: l:JlJ ~ : ( 3ffio) I ~: "1.Jli ~ : ffl: I ~: "1.Jli
~ : q,OT: I ~: l:Jli
lJJf ~ : ~ : I ~: ~ cffl:r: -qre:: I ~: lll1 cf;UJ: I ~: "1.Jli
I ~: 6ifJi lcfil:l 3lPW1: I ~:
cfllJ: 'cfiUT: I ~: l:Jl1 ~ : lWil: I ~: "1.Jli cW1: 1:JJW:
~ fctal& 4: I ~: ~ : l:Jlo: I
~ ~ ~
3ffeJ ~ : (fcf ~ : ? ~: ~ ~ : I ~: fct~l& lf ~ I
1ri:ie91M 1 ~ ¥ ,,-iijfu? 31fq- ~ ~ ,,~ffi? ¥ oci 3mP l: ? ¥l <fcf
Fct~i&4: ?
I ~: 'C@@ I ~ l:f3ffi I ~ 3lfq
~ : ~ ~ : I ~: ~ : / ~ ,mq- ill;f:
Fct~1&lf11_ 6! r' r-c#1l-l = , ~=
traffer, m~ = s,rnR4 Fct~,&lfit -3i11,~ra , ~ s,RtRA
~ ' 1~11-t : I ~ ~
~ ~ B~Jlfq;: ~ I ~= ~~: ;nfuf I ~ Sl@R-19.
Sf@R1q_ 3lT~ ,,~m
? ~ ~ 3lT~ ljajff i ? ~ cRT ~ / fq{Jlc·R41q;14f&lfJ.j_
~~ ,,~m?
oq ~~ ? ~ =~ , ~~ ,
~w ri
I
I ,I , 1
\ i, I
i More sentences: . ~. I TT• -::r.:r fm u:r;:r.

\I..., l~l •~l'"'I• ·
-,;r
<;-.:, -;:rn-
\l \.q th -
? 3l6 ~
"1,7
I,
1 I,
~ : (fq' lJTnM': ~~ cfj: •
3-lfq<W'- J~: I
• I : ? ,jJ1
\,
-.. ~,.., , ? .
~ ~ : I ~ : <fq'~:, (Cf ~cfi. · ~ .
~= ;:xr.:;r. .n2"
v,,,., ~
-;:r. ? '::a7 lJli m~= ' ~ lfJ'.f ~=, 3'ffl ~ tfi: ? ~ 'lq • •
alt <fq' cfi: ? ~ 3-lfq lfll ~ : I .a:ffl (fq ~ , ~ l:fq

\'-1 .,., '-'l~ "..., "'fl• • \'-1
~: I ~ 1=J1l ~ :, 91: ?
~ 3ffq 1=J1l ~ I
~ ~ : , lllJ ;rriJ ~
I
I
fcfi1{? (fc{ ~ ~ : I ~: ~:, "ffill ~? ¾ -;fl t!
m=,
~ ~ ! ~ '¥{ ~ ? alt fcfqfur ~ I ~: cfi: ? ~: ~:, tm 'lfTP"Gr,-i: I
~: ."¥f ~ ? 31N ~: mfuT ~ ? -;:J, ~: fcfqfur. -;:J ~ • ~: 3'.fl~ ~fu I ~
1
"¥f ~ ? 3ffl' 9,©cfii&4 ~ I 3lfq ~ ~ 9,«icfil&ll ~ ? ~ >lfu~i

cRl 9,©cfii&4 ~ ? ~~~ 9,©cfil&4 '1-i%9lfi:t I
~ fq&~1 cfill!W>4~ -;:J d-ll'i~IM I ~:~ ¥= fc:1&~1 -..-cfiT'T'l l +-f&.....,ll-'l ~ ~ @?
~ f¾fchct-il&ll: I ~: ~ cfill!W>li: I ~ cfiil!k54 cgr 3-ti'lajR-i ? "B: ~
.I cRl 61l 1 ii::0@ ?
~¥f Tfaj~? ~3ll~1F WJ: I 31N~~l :fo~? ~~~ ~~ ? ~
~ ~ ~ "l32l? 3l~ ~: -;:J 'CJoRf I ~ alfq -;:J "CJoTfi:f I ~ 3lfq 1 i:rafui
3l~ ~ ;r "9ollf: I ~ cfiGT llo~ ? cf4' ~ "C@m: I
~ 'C@ffeJ I ~ "9ollf: I ~: 'CJoRf ~ tfoRf I

~ 1l3ffi I ~ llo~ I ~: ~ : "CJo@ I ~~:"C@ Rf j
~: "lo@ I ~ 1l3Rf I 3l°4 ~: "lo@ I ~ ~ : "CfoRf I

3ffl 'C@ffeJ, f&@fil, ~ , ~ , ~ , 11ajifi:t, &1e;1fi:t I
I read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
~ t@ft:J, ~ , ~ , ~ , "flajffi, ~ I mcm:r,
You read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
. ' When does the final lJ_ of a word change into anusvara ?
The final 1:( changes into Anusvara if it is followed by a consonant, e. g., fcf; -q-ofu ?
lI_ does not change into Anusvara 1·t f0 11 owed by a vowel or at the end of a sentence or if not
followed by any letter, e. g. ~ 3lT-wt' ~ 1 <'fq' ;rrq ~ ? 't:.RD I UWll 1 ~ 1 ~ 1
ltisnotwron gt u · ··· ~ --'> · ~ "' ' " ~ '
3lT~ ~ °use -~ mall cases but it does not reflect a good style, e. g.. ~ '1ofu' ? awl
' 1
I
I
I I
Never use(') Anusvara
~
- I'f the following word begins with a vowel.
s ~ can be used in place of~-· 1 Now-a-days scholars make no difference between ttie two.
I amu
.
.
o use-, ,-~ in place of~: in the sentences given previously and rewrite them.
.)
~l
I
'I
i1
· } ~~ -
~ : ~ , ~ . ~ ' ~' ~ ' ~' ~ !
He reads, writes, speaks, plays, runs, goes, eats.
~:~:-e ra@,~ ' ~I ~I ~ I ~I~ I
This boy reads, writes, speaks, plays, runs, goes, eats.
311:l ~: -crafu, ~ ' ~I ~I ~I~,~ I
This student reads, writes, speaks, plays, runs, goes, eats.
-qq ~ : -era@, ~ I ~ ' ~I~,~,~ I
My relative reads, writes, speaks, plays, runs, goes, eats.
~ 'tfol11:, f(."5,&lq:, 'qeyq: 1 ~ : , ~ : , ~ : , ~ : I
We read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
~ 'tfo~, fuml~, <=re:~, ~~, ~~, ~~, ~~ I
You (pl.) read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
~ ~= 'CfoRf, b,&Ri, ~ I ~ I 'QlqRf, JlajRi, ~ I
These boys read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
~ £9BIT: 'CfoRf, W>,&Ri, ~I ~I'QlqRf, JlajRi, ~ I
These students read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
-qq ~= '9c3Rf, f(."5,&Ri, ~ I ~ I 'QlqRf, JlajRi, ~ I
My relatives read, write, speak, play, run, go, eat.
~ ~~ ~~~ ! fcfi'1fRfll? ¥fcR=lffi?
Now-a-days I "don't see you here! What
" has happened? Where do you rive ?·
~ ~ ~ cRTifiJ, ~ cmTf4 I
"
I don't live here, I live elsewhere.
~¥J?
Elsewhere where ?
am ~qlg,&~ ~ cRTifiJ I
I stay in my uncle's house.
W;f q1gf">JJ~ ¥J ?
Where is your uncle's house?
~~~/~? (~~)
You know Radhesh, don't you?
3lJi{, ~ I
Yes, I know.
~ u~= ~ (mr ~) w:J 41@~ ~ 1
crafu
My uncle's house is just where Radhesh lives.
Ri 1 ~ c:mw-HIR a<;;_£1124Ri, ~ -i:1104Ri, amR aqfq~lf--a ,
0:1 r:.
~fra--r ~ '=cf I ~ fu~: ~a:1 51ftj ~I@ ~ 4<l ~ dfu 3 Ri I ~
~ : "lJ"ocfi"'' Sl1q ~I T'ff'=-r~
fu~: 3lR=R 3q~~I@ ~ ~ 3ffiA 3qftj~1Ri I ~ m~: q1a4 Rt ~ ~ lffilrt ~

4(~("l ~10q """TTTr:::n:n't::::r
~~
CO _.=$'fl~l'if~~- ~ I ~
1
~~m~<-l'~= ;r ~~~ 1 ~0lfRi 1 ~~
~ ' ! c f ! ~ ' I ~ I<[<;[_ -a ~ I
qrocfiij ~ ~~~~ n the windows, put on the fan t k
~ {lv, I TheY ope h t h ' ae
qracfi~ he c1ass-roorn. nd laugh. When t e eac er enters the
Students enter t themselves a_ ts When the teacher takes his s
lk among thetr sea . , eat,
their seats, ta h y get up from cher teaches, they don t talk arno
then) t e the tea ng
class-room , ( . seats. When . t n with attention to what the teach
take their TheY hs e . er
then they d theY 1augh. They never make noise in the clas
Ives nor o h r' s order. h s-
themse · ut the teac e the fan . When t ey get out of th
says. They carry o he don't put on e
om When it is not hot, t . ydows and the door.
ro • the win . Pc.
class-room, they c1ose ~ "Slrc.~11fif I cflf . -.1Sf,,. . ,.q~.. .,11-q: I
R ~ I ~~ I (enter) ~~I ~ ~ : I
"R ~ I ~ ~ I (know) ~ ~ I qiJ ~ : ~: I
ff: ~ I it ~ I (hear) ~ cfiUfi:f I qiJ ~ :I
ff : cfiU@ I ~ ~ I (do) w:f 6-l~lch~
'\
~ ~fcwf~ 1 ~ ~~ 1
W:f y:a.i1chll
~ ~l~~~ I
~ ~ l ?ff ~~ I
(.
~ ~I <fl ¥?.T I
Translate into Sanskrit-
Where are you ?. 1 am ·,nside · Where is Rama ? Is he there ? No, he is not

here. Where is he ? I don 't know.
Where do you live ? Do you live in the town ? No, we don't live in the town, we
live in the village. Who are these young men ? Why are they laughing ?
Do you read the Ramayana ? What is there in the Ramayana ? Do you speak
Sanskrit ? Do they speak Sanskrit ? What are they doing there ? They are
playing.
I run in the morning everyday. Do you run in the morning everyday ? What do
you eat in the morning ? Do you drink milk in the morning ?
You don't know me. They don 't know us. But we know you (pl. ). Does he know
you ? Yes, he knows me. No, he does not know me. Do you listen to music
everyday ? When do you listen ? Where do you listen at home or somewhere
else ? When you listen to music who else is there ? '
. Why are you talking in the class-room when the teacher is teaching ? I always
listen to the teacher with att t· T . d
. en ion. here 1s no class now We close the door an
windows of our class-room w · g
ourseIves freely. · e go out of the class-room Now we talk amon
·
V
rent bers with the

nt en ce s using diffe pe rson s and num
N ,w ,nnke similar se
t_ , i ·ea dy gi ve n.
\ I
,,t,~ ,1 r
NOTES
Mus i c ~
Even ing ~ here el se
sports -gro und ~~ At home or somew
3
am inside ~ ~ 3=IWl "% qf 3F m qf
ere ?
Then who else is th
1
m en ?
WhO are these young , 'qq@ ?
~ 3F-f; cfi; ct;
~ ~:$?
Always 0 0
In the town ;rrR @9lc3c:fia.w.J
-mil" Of our class-room
In the village rselves freely
We talk among ou
Why Fm~ @aj-<.J.i 3-110911-i :
fq '(Cf ~ ~ ? ql f 1Rffi
oo you drink milk ? 3l "'
But fcn-n
on :
gl is h ex er ci se s in the previous less
of the En
Sanskrit translation ff : 3f5f
¥ J ~ ? ~ ff: c=ffl 3lffif ? 1,
3RR 3T I~ I U ll:
~ ¥ 3lffi ? ~
~ 1 ~I "
;nfur I fl: '¥ f 3lffil ?
-~
I- ~ cHlJlf:, cf lf !-f l~ cftTTl'.f: I ~
1
cf fr ~ . 1, cf lf --1•1
-~ -t_
. )-- .-. hT ~ -1•1-t_
~ ¥J cf fr ~ . 011'-f
~ :t ? it ~21 ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ ? il" cf; f mi

lfoffi ? <ll-llllol fcfill 3lffif ? cc
3Wf ~ <ll-lillO.j "'
~ ? il" @0Mi I >!Rf: ~ ?~ >ITT,: mi ~ ? 3lfcr ~

>JIB: ~ I 3lfcr ~ 51@R4
~ 51@R4
"Sf@: ~ ~ ? g~~~: I ~ ff : c q J ~ ?
f c w
~? ~ ~
1
~ l:Jt1'11Hiffi I it
~ 1 ~
~ ~ ~ 51@K ..f -
$ f, R 1:Jt ~ I
~ ? ¥ ~-1fe
1 , ff; lTT 1
qf 3F
~
l3 f qf ? ~
I
7.RI-
~ ~ 3F<l: cfi: cf; f
fcnll~ 3110qR-I ? 3=IB
oo M ~ ~
'qq@ ?
~ q,all@ ~ lff i3 cf i~
m~: JIR tl' -Bef {IA : I cf
4
'q qf u I ~ @ 9i c3 c: fi~ ID{ Cfidlll..
~ % 3: 1
~~ ~ I 3 :r iA: I
.T 1Rffi @aj-<.1-f"' -=Hl09
I ,3:f'H rif cfc
~~..._ f2pJajil-f: 0"
Revis io n -
ces ?
you unde rsta nd the following se nten
Do
~iHid?II t!lf, Mff~ , l>N"" '1 1I
,.
I
More sentences :
¥f ~ fq.gJl&4: ?~ fq.gJl&4: 3TIWWl ~~ I ITT ~ fcn fcfl '¥'2l 1

<'f"5f ~ "9olll:, ~ : , ~ : , 1WWf: qli:!_41l-f : ~ I eel fcn qlc!.'4ff-1 ? -3W ~
qli:;41fil I 3ffer eel ~ ~ ? ~ ~ I "ff: -z:rq ~ : I "ffisfq crni ~
3ffer "ff: ~ qafu ? ~ "fl: ~ i:rafu, ~ qzyJ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~
l:fd~, fuml~ c:R2.f -=r.r? ~ ~ w.f ~ "Cfc3111:, fc-5 ©11-1 : ~ : '.q I
eel ¥f c.mffr-mq qJ -;pft qJ? ~ mq cJmfi:J I "ff: ¥f 9fITTf ? B : mrl qffii1
BT 3ffer mq crnfu I ~ 'TJ w.f '!Tm cfB~? 3WI_, ~ ~ ~ cfflTG': I ~ ~
Q_cff ~ 1_ '!Tm cR12.f ? ~ 9'll w.f ll_cfiR-4i ~ 1Tm ~ :I
"'
'!lf ~ .
I
¥ ~
·1~ ,~ ? Hello, my boy ! Where are you going ?
$ ~ ITT JlajlfA I I am going to Sports-grou nd.
ifo= ~: ~ ? T5J <1Cf ~ : ? Wh y are you going alone ? Whcre dtt:
your friends ?
if ~ 'l-r+.9f~ I They are going ahead .
mg ~ ~~ ~
~
~
i.'T"""l'T',crr-rT '
I Th ·
en come. s,t on my b1cyclo .
~...qcf1~1:, 3-Fp)r.lctJ jf"fli I Thanks. I am favoured .
Exercises
1
HII 1n the blanks
\ •1l) H : ~Wl ",~f(l I "c91J a:rf1r 3 nri ...~§ 1 U~) 1f~ '1Glr4 I ,,~ ~ I
H: 3llfq~ l I ~ 9_ 31fq 3tffcrn I ~ · f~I ;;-- rim . ..
,R: ~fct I cc{tJ_ 31fq T.f0 I
3'.f?. ~ I ,,..rqfq ...
fl: ~ I
~~- -- -: }~ 'l -r4!J litf I ;-,:ri:rh . ..
R ~ I ~ .. .
~~I ~ . ..
'fl:~ I ~ . ..
~~I ~ ...
B: ~ I ~...
C.
~ @filfi:l 1 ~ ...
(11) ~ fu~ ~ 910.qlf4 I ~ fu~ ~ . .. I

~ ~ cllctl.q-il-l 3i:;;_tjl2..qlf4 I ~ cRl ql<:11.q19._ ... I
~~ mt fiq{lf4 I ~ cRl ~ . .. I
~ ~ q1ctl.q114 39 1 1ajlfil I ~ ITTf q1<:11.q1i-J ... I
' ' ""' ""' ""
~ ~: f2p)ajlf4 I ~ c'@ : . . . I
"'
~ ~ ~ -c110.q1fil I ~ ITTf ~ . .. I
"' "' "'
m ~sfq 1 ~ I 3TT'f: ~ 1 ... I
m ~sfq 1 ~ I 3TT'f: ~ 1 ... I
m c:hl01~8 1 cfiUIB I 3TT'f: ~ ch101~8 1 . .. I
~sfq
cfiJ fu~ cfcf,=J fllq'QR ~ : I ~ fu~ cfcR 'ffiq'QR C.
... I
q i J ' f f l c l ~ : l ~ ~ . .. I
C. C.
2. Fi ll in the blanks-
(cfi) ~ '9o I ~ "9o<f I C~) ~~ I ~ 6111 lajci I

"'
~'&'01 ~~I ~~I ~ 3qfq~li:1 I
"'
~~, 7fl .. . ~3fuN I ~ ...
rif i11q I <fl .. . ~ 3~12..q I ~-··
rif ~ I ~ ... ~ >Tfcrn I ~ - ··
~ '1-r~.9 I 1f-f .. . ~ flcR I ~ -··
-~ 73?. I 7f1 . .. ~~I ~ -- ·

,.,:~ f2ffi I 'f-1 .. . <Cf11 ~ I ~ ...
~ T~9 I 7M . .. ~ 3'tf!Ffi I ,Plll
' - ..
j
Translate Into Sanskrit-
up come here. Gauranga, you too get u
t ·
llo
He ,
suresh
. . this way. vou come that way. He comes bP. Co me h
ge
'
See, suresh is coming y the right ere
come by the left. . · 't
01
me here, come near. Why are you remaining at
Sures h .I co come near. Don ,t remain · at a d.,stance Wh a d1 stanc
Gauranga .I you too · Y do You 1e?
shy? . ee1
to that window. Walk a little faster.
. Why
. do you walk slowi
ow, gO
N Y like a
tortoise .1 suresh ! see how he walks.
. Walk hke . him. You walk like an Old
There is no strength in your walking. Walk • with strength. Wait the re. Clo man ·
window. What are you doing? •
Close ,t fully.
,
Why are you closing ·t1 haltseLthat
there is still a gap. Close ,t properly. Don t leave any gap. All right , now c0· Ook,
your seat. Sit there. rne lo
Gauranga ! go to that window. Listen. Close the right wing fully nd
wing half. Go, do your work quickly. a the left
Ramesh! it is your turn now. Get up. Go to that door. What ar e you d . 1
Are you walking or running? Don't run. Now, close the right wing half and oing
the left wing open. From there go to that window. Bolt it above and b leave
go to your chair. Thanks. elow. Then
Now make similar sentences using different persons and num .
verbs already given. bers with the
VOCABULARY
She Bl By the right °efa:lU@:

Her name ~: 1l1l Come near. Rcfi2.Y,_ 3WI~ 1
Weall 9c:J"M Don 't remain at a distance. ~ lfl IBN 1
Between Rama and Gopal UJR<l Why do you feel shy ? fcfill~ ~
JTI410W i f ~ cfiW.f ?
In front~ Go to that window. (1(f..,_ ~'
At the back ~: C d9Jl"T:£§ I
Attimes ~~
Walk a little faster. ~ ffi ~ 1
We sing .and pl ay on a musical instru-

Why do you walk slowly like a
ment. cf<l TfP:TI1l: cfffi' ~
Flute ffl ~ :I tortoise? ¥f: cfi-oi§qcrn lR ~ ?
How cfi~ '
This way~: '
Like him ~
That way ml:
By the left qlqij: Like an old man ~Q
In your walking (lcf ~
Strengtl1 ~rt~ :
Right wing ,~l~w11,,f;q1~1 J
Walk with strength. ~ ~~ 1
Do your work quickly . TF,MiT4 .rfrsr
w ait tllere. "?f"5f Pcm 1
cp~ I
Close it fully. ~ ~1ffcR 1
Turn cffi:
Still there is a gap. d l ~ ~
Leave the left wing open . 7..ffl1i:.f.~
3lfm I
~~~ I
Close it properly. nq_ ~ ~ 1
From there "ffif:
Don 't leave any gap. 3Rft" 1lf ~ 1
Bolt it above and below. ?fQ ::r'W ~,i:
All right mq 'cf 3TTf0"lf I
Come to your seat. ~
~ Then go to your chair. <TTf : ~ 3l=IT~
3qIJ l,ij I
~I
Sanskrit translation of the English exercises in the previous lesson :

'm: ~ l ~ I 3l;f ~I~!~ 3lfq 3ftrn I d15l ~ I ~ ,
~ : ~: 3-IP fajffi I ~ (@: ~ I "ff: °efa:ru@: diP 1-iijfa I ~ ~ : ~ I
~! 3l;l ~ , ~ 3 l J l T ' i i j l "¥f: ~~fcrn"fu? ~ ! ~~
FfcRll ~ 1 ~llf ffiNI ~~~~?
~ ciJ CTQ_ qf(il<F1':!_ 3qJl,ij I~ -~~ I ¥f: cfi,ij9q (j_ l=f~ ~ ?
~ ! ~, "ff: en~~ I~~ I~~~ I CTcf ~ "W=@: -;nfu, I
~ ~ I ~ f(fg I (@' q@ll4 f1cR I ~ fcf> ~ ? "ffif' rm1f
1,_~ 1 00 I ~--q~ cTT'!
3l'tl ~ ?~ , 3lq;nfq ~ 3ffid" I cTTl ~ ffcf{ I ~ llf ~~ I "ffl~
3l~ ~ ~~I (f;f ~I
~ ! ~ ~ cffifflf~ d9Jf'iij I ~ ef~olcfi912. ~ ~cR ii li:Jcfi9I 2. ~ 3lWI_ I
~ , ~ ~¥1
~ ! 3l~ dCf qR: I d@N I cTTl ~Rll 3q J I-iij I fcf> cfim ? ~ qf mciffi qf ?
lfT 'l:lfcf I 3l~ ~ ef~o,cfiqI2.l{ 3l~ f1cR qll-fcfiq12. ~ 3~ 1f2aq4 ~ I (Rf: mI_
ql<illl-1 '1 3 9J laj I(@ ~ ~: ' c f ~ I "mf: ~ "31TI'tlll_ 34ll,ij I ~«T: I
' '
~ ~ ! ~ ~ 6-flJllfilq~ ~ : 3T~ 1 qfc3&1R, ?

Hello Ramesh ! Do you know that next year Sanjay will not study here ?
fin ~ ? Tl: ¥ qfo&1Ri ?
What happened ? Where wil l he study ?
~l"'l rflll I
In Hyderabad.
~o
a-rr.:rT• ?•
<'RlT ~ 1\1'-'
His brothers ?
it 31fq ( P f ~ /
·11 tudy there.
I/ They too wr s
fcfiir2P:! ? __::::?
~ fcrnT 3Wlfl'1"1'1 3T?f
;r ~ I "ff: <J:Jl'lH'R ffl ct>R&/@ I ~: .
°B. ~ 'ii:j
I will not stay here. He will work in Hyderab ad. So he
~1 .
I /' Next year their father
I
will take them there. . M q· I

rr.:ar ~ ~ ~I{ 641 .
~ ~ ~'1''-1.
se a close friend .
Then we shaII lo
fJ11 3lffic1 ~:"& cqfcf 64@ I
~
Yes , I shall feel very sad.
-z:rmfq I
31fq " .
I too. ~ ~qcf>l~I ~ ~ ?
-..... ri-T
~ m¥ I ff: <Pf ~ >1144@ I

Will you go home during the
Don't worry. He will make new friends there.
vacation?
3TI'!f 'IM64iM
✓
1
Yes , I shall go.

(iq WCT{:?
Your brothers ?
~ 'ffi~ ~~ : I
~ 3Wi ,,fi:1&1Rt I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~MtSljlJ.i :,
many places and see many
They too will go. This time we shall visit
I.
I I
centres of pilgrimage.
~ ! ~ 1Rj 1 ~~ I
Alas I I shall not be able to go.
3TI~ oo ~ ~...._ ;:r Sfll¼ li-1 : I
~ a:J;f ~ ~ 'lfo" Sf/4 4fi ...._
shall not get outside.

But what you will get by staying here we
~~~~I
Yes, that is true indeed.
~ ~ *~-w,fi:t&42l ?
When will you return ?
qzj- ~ tJt Si<41'1fi:t&414: I
We shall return after a month.
gatysezy:
Will you remember us there and write to us letters ?

T4, 37774
Yes, of course.
Bring me some warm clothes if you go to Srinagar.

Tell me all that I should bring.
Bring me a woollen muffler, a sweater and a blanket. I shall pay you

here. After one month it will really be very cold here.
All right. Hurry up, will you eat today or not?
Come on. If we are late he will get angry.
7:378
f :itai ufsfa ?
EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks

() fHI afrf4I
q H: | .
( ) 318Y T I
.
3Hf . . .I
2 qi a: I . .? .
.I : . . .? 3H9
?H: : . .
: 377.. . :
I Tof.. .? 3Y :
TTRTI .
.
.
44I
H: AAI H: . . .I
sentences-
I: in the following
.Use 31EH, T4, H, V9:
Translate into Sanskrit

From there we shall go to
will go to Hyderabad.
of us
Next month some
shall visit the Lingaraj Temple. Then we shall
Bhubaneswar. In Bhubaneswar we
Secretariat. He will speak to the
Our leader will go to the
go to Puri and Konark.
will answer in Sanskrit. Then he will meet the
Chief Minister in Sanskrit. He too
to him his idea of propagating Sanskrit.
Education Minister also. He will explain
There he will meet the Prime Minister
From there he will go to Delhi by plane.
them that Sanskrit is a very simple
and the Education Minister. He will tell
of our country. He will show them
language. It can bring about the cultural unity
our Sanskrit We
publications. hopethat from the next academic session Sanskrit
will be compulsory in all schools and colleges. All the Sanskrit teachers will teach
We shall be very
through the medium of Sanskrit. Students will speak in Sanskrit.
Government will
happy. That will truly be a day of glory for India when the Indian
make Sanskrit the nationai language.
ine
Now make similar sentences using different persons and numbers with
verbs already given.
goteatseaqyy:
VOCABULARY
Today 3FE
Tomorrow
He will explain to him his idea of
Day after tomorrow
propagating Sanskrit. 7: q He
Now 31
Afterwards
Delhi e
Drink 91-
By plane faua
some time
After hldcHETq qy Prime Minister e4H-H
Elsewhere 3 It can bring about the cultural unity of
Next month fnHT
Our country.
Some of us H A
From there d:
He will show them H: A Y5
In Bhubaneswar we shall visit the Sanskrit publications HhaRI-IIH
Lingaraj Temple. HR a f_ We hope that from the next academic
session Sanskrit will be compulsory in
Leader AI
all schools and colleges. 773TNTTEHE
Secretariat a :
He will speak to the Chief Minister in HBfeelaq q 34fAardfa: 4faafa i
Sanskrit. 7 eHAUIT T Medium HTEZ44
3ATSYfa That will ruly be a day of glory for India
He too will answer in Sanskrit. F: H9 when the Indian Government will make
Sanskrit the national language. E A

Then he will meet the Education 4RGa9ty ittayufei yfaoafa a
Minister.
(3) U4: T3:
Sanskrit translation of the English exercises in the previous lesson

EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks
H TatI. .
eftszyP
371-134 yfa/9T4A1Í4

34-44T4..
A miser knows only how to
accumulate money. He does not
wise way. A miser cannot give even a paisa to the know to spend it in a
forget everything but not his beggars. He can neglect and
money. He wants to be richer and richer
can't understand his
mentality. I don't want
day by day.
to give him anything
take anything from him. We want do wIsh to
nor
to ask him
earth ? To worship money ? I know,
one
day-why are you here upon
nobody can advise him and lead him on to the
right path. How can any work be possible if one does
not want to spend money ? It
you want to live happily and die in be
peace, generous. If you don't know how to
open your heart to the Divine, He can never
pour into your heart His Divine Grace
VOCABULARY
A miser knows
only how to accumulate Idon't wish aTAI
money. yU: HTElg ua SH To take from him THT 7aiq4
To spend in a wise way fas74 We want to ask him one day a q
A miser cannot give even a paisa to the Upon earth yfëja4

beggars. U : fyh7: qUTH 3T T To worship money ? T 3ATRTErq?
7T-f Nobody can advise him and lead him
He can neglect and forget everything on to the right path. 15T4 3 T E
¥AH 4ty 7 THfA
but not his money. H: 31
I
How can any work be possible if one

does not want to spend money ? t e
He wants to be richer and richer day by
day. 77 fafzay 3tfye+afrk
fPT fa i
can't understand his mentality. 34% RI To live happily a ittq4
To die in peace I - I HH
3R: H4
Toqive him T q Be generous.
o p e n your
know
how to N 4 K fe
don't de :
fyou can
never pour
Divine, He
heart to the a
Grace.
Divine
heart His
into your
(a)TE:QT: the previous lesson

e x e r c i s e s in
translation of the English
Sanskrit
faary 3HTTR : TTA I
T
NOTES
q after telling
31-4 prose order tUufa buys
STH:4 is pleased
TH: bag
Hac: s e r v a t
f4tf distributes
3HT A waits for the order
FTHT IT after washing hands and
feet
AfpeT toffee
UaH G ordering so
EHISH two hours
A4: we sleep
E: 343ATA he
begins teaching H i : AATHE we start our daily
34TYUT: shop
routine again.
EXERCISES
1. Fill in the blanks-
fATaA. ..
. zaf.
ATEufa
219...
2. Read the following words carefully and bear them in mind.
JEl
f9af
,T, 37, F4, 37, 37a, Fa, R 4, fa, 37 (3T), A, zft, 3f,
A1,3, Afu, sfa, qfi, 34 zfaz 3HT: (prefixes) IIf these prefixes
are placed before the roots then changes into , e.9.
f
yupa/ur
f- faT fafsta
yuf if
TTH HT7/3HTTY 343-7

34T-3
31-T4
313-7
31-&
faifa fapa
fa 344-
sferif
-faR 3f477
3yfai
34-9R
3T
HT
-HT T
-34TT
343-
faua
f 3-T 3MEf
fAferu Afera
-f
fR 31-
34- 37H 34H 37-
fa- fe
31- 3FRf 3

The thief steals and runs away. The policeman catches him and beats him right
and left. He takes him to the court and presents him before the magistrate who
sends him to the jail for two years. Wearing blue shorts and shirt he works hard
there. After spending two years he comes back home. People see him and ask him
many questions. He hears their questions but does not answer.
He goes to the
temple and offers
puja to the Goddess. Being pleased, SnE
appears before him. Placing Her hand on his head She says, "My child, arise, an
for a boon."
Holding Her feet tighthly thief cries bitterly and prays to Her to make
the e
devotee for all lives to come. The Goddess ni oears
says, "Let it be so" and aisap
immediately.
After getting
Her Darshan, which He
is rare even to
comes back home and
becomes dear
the gods, he chang
ar
to all. Doing good to all he beco
even to the
the gods. Getting
Residingtthere for a boons from
studying theShastraslong time them
he is
born
he goes
go to
heaven after his
and the a in
holy prosperous family.
and
ath.
Puranas, he practises After
Yoga and realises the Divine.
The thief steals and
runs
VOCABULARY
away. Her devotee for
The all lives to
policeman catches him and
come. TRI
him right and beats
left. HTP4:
yi The Goddess says, "Let it be so" and
Court ATOA:
disappears immediately. "a4
Presents him s
before the
magistrate After getting Her Darshan, which is
Jail UTRq rare even to
the gods, he changes.
Wearing blue shorts and
shirt he works
hard there. Tq 3h uaTd I
T 7 rfAaI Becomes dear to
dear to all TaHi
di f7:
t : ya
yafa
Comes back RT3 Doing good to all he
becomes dear
even to the
People : gods. TydHT 45 r H:
Does not answer faHÍY 7 3TRafa
Temple y Residing there for long time he is
a
born in a holy and prosperous family.
Offers puja to the Goddess i
Tufd
Being pleased, She appears before TAI
him. HAT H T H After studying the Shastras and the
Puranas, he practises Yoga and
My child, arise, ask for a boon. arH realises the
zE, at qvita
Divine. TaMU TUnfA
Holding Her feet tightly the thief cries 34G4À I
bitterly and prays to Her to make him
()Ha:UT6:
Sanskrit translation of the English exercises in the previous lesson:
gaa (Singular)
3744
18T5:
ge (Plural)
1HT:
Now-a-days scholars make

no
meaning this'. difference between the words
ua:, 3r *
2o
Rewrite these sentences in
singular number, e.g., 37
.
qeu: | 34 e a l *
37 H1:
H f ? 4at ? yaRT: A4 f?
3HTHT
31ATUT4
fRITIUT
A i qq: : ? ya: aifcpI: 1:? YTHT afSARi o i : : ? q
.
EXERCISESs
Fill in the blanks-
. (5) H
H
344
TIRT1:
. (5)T TGI
3H1
(T) fT
HIG
.
sr:
I4gO4, HI-ATGuIH.
3. (5) T
.
faST
He is my father. She is
my mother.
r father ? What is the name of They are my relatives. What is the name ot
your mother ? What are
relatives? What is the name of
your school/Sanskrit
the names of your
We are Indians. India is our teacher ?
Goddess. We are her sons and Motherland. Mother India is, indeed, a living
daughters.
India is a chosen cOuntry of God.
She is the
has a great culture and literature. But spiritual Guru of the world. She
at present she is
is, of course, a man-made divided and in chaos. This
condition. This will
again. The Mother says, "When India will be disappear. India will be united once
one, she will have
language understood by all." What is that spontaneously
a
upliftment? language? What do we do for its
(T) 3Ag: T5:

Accusative Case-to
&cT-
(fra)
f&mi1-
(37E1)
(7)
H:)
(5:)
(:)
(T5:)
(3774) (74)
(Em)
(H)
(T)
EXERCISESs
Fil in the bianks-
&ci7-yo
(Teufa) farenf faefey farenfe:
(T)
(HfT)
ferefk)
o
f&i7- facte1-g
(ElfeF)
(HFa)
(TRATq)
(34HR-T)
(TITE)
(4-Af-)
(q)
(TE)
(HTq) HIG:
RH
(ST14I)
&t7-veho
(A)
(TT)
(FB)
(THfa)
(affe)
(afafr)
o
&ct-
(7
(fT)
&ieT-yeho
foeaTAYRI:
faci1-
(ITRET)
(ATT)
(RTT) ()
TRT)
(feuit)
(ad)
(ETT)
(ZIM)
(Nfc) (1
fe-50
gaiiser: o9
Casen, at, on, over,

Locative
tive
H-To HTH-Eo
(3HEH)
() gHT
(, ) af
(7, f4)
(:, Ya)
(3774,
(ATE:)
(H)
()
(9T)
(37) 3TRITH 3AT
(aif)
EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks
3HfH T
-
3HT HIOR
: 3uf
Among the mountains, the Himalaya is the highest. Among the poets Kallaasa
Is the greatest. Among the rivers the Ganga is the
Sanskrit is the sweetest. purest. Among the languay
Who does not know
the Gita and its
there are divine preceptor. Sri Krishna? In the an
eighteen chapters. I like most the and
tenth, the eleventh, the w
ne last one
the eleventh He
(of them). In the tenth
chapter Sri Krishna speaks of HIs O
shows his universal form
the divine to Arjuna. In the
qualities of a devotee.
very much. Here I write Among the slokas of the lasttwe napter I like one
its essence in cia of
my own words. Sri Krishna says
words. Sri
Krio
my
devotee, Worship
d e v o t e s
me, bow down to me.

me,
be
promise to thee. Thus shalt thou attain to me.
hisIsmy
VOCABULARY
nongthe mountains
Among the slokas of the last chapter
H i g h e s t3 d 4
like one very much. 3HfTHTET7R
GreatestSg
Language HT7
Here I write its essence in my own
Divine preceptor gorg: words. 3731 T HR fAUNI: foaf
Chapter3 7 2 T 7 :
Thus shalt thou attain to me.
Speaks
ke of His divinity RAAAÝ HIH Ua ufH/NTAH
This is my promise to thee. Ata F7
Universal form asE4
NOTES
subject. k thing. HHTi brilliant. aRf: ocean. 34ët: chair. sfaftfer

SafCTvkeAstem. f t a neighbour. representative. R enemy. TT
HM witnesS. stone. aRT hour. 3H pencil. À
NICTE traitor to the country. HTT pen. feuit note. daughter-in-law
wise. IHTE son-in-law. FH sister. 4 mother-in-law.
TecCT daughter. 4it: guest. fi: hil. laboratory.
(T)4: UT3:
a1: i Te-1 TV| T fq, fT
/A/49:/4q7:/4 /4: f r : 48qI
EXERCISES
3. Fill in the blanks-
i s used with the

present tense to denote continuity of action in the past, e.9
3RITA TOA HI In my boyhood I used to study Sanskrit with interest. isg
7 T I The Sanskrit teacher used to love me very much. 31 TEg favag y
I used to stand first in
many subjects.
~~,~~l~~:,~~I
~~-- - ...
~~- --
~~-- - ...
~ ~ - --
~~-- -
~ ilo, ~ 3TC«3: I ~ ~. ~~ I
~~--- ...
~~ --- .. .
(C{TlTll--- .. .
(Cl~... . ..
~ mcT ..... .
(Cl fem ... ... ...
~- ~ (~<11dcfil0) mffi: ~
1
61
1
~ 61~ ~I mcj,: 39fill1cff1 : ¾~

- ~ ~ efct 3T9l-.iid°'4lf I ~~,
ml ffiT@ I ~Q_ I
>! +ml 51fq~1fa I 5flfq~I~ (>J +3Wl~Tq) I
~ +~ 3qfq~1fa I d91fq~lrj_ ("3tf +~ ) I
1tlml~I
"'
>! +~ ~ I ~ (>J +~ ) I
~3TI9T@ 13TI9Rl 1
>! +~ mg)@ I ~ (>r +3TI9Rl) I
~ ,ick'>ll@ I ~~(:">lid I
"' "'
>I +~ 51'1i:1(:'5ll@ I 511~(:">ljrj I
"' "'
~~131~1
>l +~'SJ ~l"SI T~I
"' "'
TTJ:{~l~I
~ +lfl:{ ~j} laj@ I ~~ J lajrj_ I
~+~~I 3Fq~I ~ +~ fqB-1(@ I °'4B-i(rj_ I
~ +~ ~:iq<fa I a:t~q<q_ I R+~ Rq-8@ I ~ I
~+~~I 6i~fH~ I R +~ R'"il(:">fa I .:tj1-fl(:'5rj_ I
"'
~ +~ ~ I 3<@Jg~ (~ +31RmQ) I ~ +~ fq~o11fa I c4™Ullq_ I
~+~~l~I R\+Tft{ RJlajffi I R(Jlajrj_
R+~ f;,~~4@ I .:tjtj~lj~ (R +a:ttj<llrj_) I (m_+ ~) I
~+~ fcRqf ul~I
"'
m_+ql Rqfq4R, I . .,.R(-r=qTTT.:194n-;:rrj_ I
~ I
Translate into Sanskrit-

d my little birdie ?
Do you know where I toun . t ,.
. 'Twee-ee-eet, twee-ee-ee t, twee- ee-ee .
The crying was coming from the bush .
I walked to the bush and pushed the leave s away .
0 what a cute little bird ! It was blue all over.
I picked it up. It was so cuddly !
·'twee-ee-eet, twee-ee-eet. ··
. .
Oh dear, oh dear, what did I do?
I it was crying . It had hurt
I touched its leg. There was blood on it. Now knew why
.
its leg. Oh my poor little birdie !
. I took it there and wash ed its leg . Then I took ii
Close by, there was a stream
I home .
I put some iodine on its wound.
" twee-eet. twee-eet." The iodine burned . I blew on its woun
the leg nicely .
1 found a beautiful basket. I took some cotton and cover
d . Then I bandageci
ed it with a soft cloth
Then I put it in the basket. It made a comfo rtable bed .

I put my little birdie in the basket.
p ?
It put its head under its wing. In a minute it was fast aslee
Good night, little birdie ! Sweet dreams !
My little birdie lP=f e f ~: I blew on its woun d . ~ ~ e.=m ffiWi
Cry ing ~~: ~I
From the b u s h ~ Then I band aged the leg nicely . rnlf~

I
3lm ~ : ~ ~ ~ 6-fcf>~cll-1"' 1
I 0 what a cute little bird!

&9,~llqcfi: !
It was so cuddl y ! 3lm ~: ~ !
Baske t cf>ug}& :
"'
Cotto n ~
Cove red it with soft cloth . ~~~ 0 1 dQ
It was blue all over. 'f!'W ~ ..j1e,qoJ':f_ I 6i Iajl ~ ll A
"'
Oh dear, oh dear ! ~ !~! It put its head unde r its wing . R ~
It had hurt its leg. 'f!'W ~ 3lfeITTf : 1l&:Wl -3l'el: ~ I
amfut1 In a minut e it was fast asleep. ~ fl:
Oh my poor little birdie W1l'l ~1➔ ~11qcfi ! ,,,~Rs!J'{ a:r~ 1
Strea m ~ : woun d ~ Good night , little birdie ! wm:,
~~ ~ 1
-:rr.,.m:;:fT • I
The iodine burne d. &lj~li clcf> ! Swee t dream s "-1 ,., · · ·
~ - tno:
c") .
·t translation of the English exercises in the previous lesson :
5ariskfl . .
31fil ~ ~ ~ ~ q f ~ SIIYcl'-l ~?
,,icft-f~, ~-t-~, ~-{-~ !"
~ ~ : ~ 6ii'iajf<i ~ I
~ ~Hct>2'-l ~ ~ ~ 6i41fliP-t'-l I
31"ITT ~ : q f ~ : ! ~ ~ ,fjt-5qOl '-l I
~<f'l3e:~I 31m~: ~ !
''at-t-t{, ~ -f~ ! "
~ . 31W'~~~ ?
~~~~I (f;f ~ 3lRml I ¥f: B: ~~ cfiUffi ~ ~ ~
3l~fil ~I ~ ~ ~ : ~ I ~ :1 <l·Hliqcfi: !
f.lqiZ ~ : 3mmt I ~ ci (f;f 3Wl ~ ~ ~ >TT~ I Clill~ <l ~ 3Hlft! I
ffi<l ~ ~ •~~'·W-icfil.j_ ~'tllJ ~~,jM4 I
' ~ -{-~, ~ -t-~ ! " ~~ ~ I ~ cWf ~ -mW{ ~ I rn=TT~
~ ~lJF~~I
rr.?'
\JlQ
~ ~
~ ..... ,
~ SIIYcll-1" I fcmJij" ,i=fM1l
~ , , -~
~ ~
'~
~ q~Uj cici' 3-ll-6£91e,~l-l" I
nffi~ ~ ~ ~ I iR f!{9:?1~1 ~ 3 l ~ I
~ ~('5Y,~ilclcf1 ~ ~ I B : ~l-Hficfi tl~ 3RR ~ ~ ~
111dH~l'i 3l<q;j@ I
" '
~ :, ('5Y,~llqcfi ! ~: !
mif 'B'4T ~ 1 ~= ~ : 3W@l : 1 ~ 3-lclF=>!_R()a, :. ~ =3lfq ~ =1

tf'lllcfia,i: ~ : 1f@: I ~ ~ : 1 '3lllIB: I
"B: fcl.\fl~chr4f'4 ~: ~ : 3lTmcf 1 3W ~
..._
7TT5ff m I B: ~ : siR1Plc1=a : 1
C
™1 <IBI ~~w:J 6irlfll¾a, 1

'
• ~ ~ I iR cfif~-'''ifl ~: ! ~ cfil1Wl 3lif ~ ~<q:
~ : im@: 3lffi ciQ_ffl ~ ~ 3W Sl~lllffiSWf I -ir:TT ~ : ftjfo~'1l-1I : ~ -, ~ -
~ : ~ I ~- l'.fT "SJ@~: "l,f,m: ~ : I -ir:TT < l ~ ~~~I 3l'q-11 ~ ~
)f~ ~ : ~fR4~ I iR ~ ~.,_<;)11©4 qfh~2. ~ ! B : "Sf~: ~ ~ -
,.~ ~ ~~ ~: ef~: 3qftj~j: I cfi-11¾1_ aJT~ ~ ~cfil~ SI~'{ I ~

)f~<:?;cfi~
I~
~ : tl~ l=@:
C
I ~ oR..._ B9R..._ 1:fl~: TTT.Tt.i,-;::r
.,1,1'-1~
iR ffl ~:!l \: ''-1'1 : "CRrarJT:
-, ::.!,-" "
?''
, :, ~:· wr ~: ~: at1f<a'{,
m"1 mq', ~ ~ ~ !
'
d
~
II
EXERCISES
Fill in the blanks with the Past Passive Participle form of th e root 91 ier;
brackets .
( cfi) ~ ~ m c~) ml 3Wflf,q: fq8IC"'>ll: (~ )
iR ~ fflffi (~) .. . m l ~ : ~ q13~II C"'>I ( ~ )

cq?lJ ~ ~ : Cma.I) .. . m l ~ : ~: fq814i c3 ~ (Tfl:J)
(&) ~ ~~I ~ ~ ... ~ : .. .
II if.T~: ~ : I if.T~: ...

cq?lJ ~ ~I cq?lJ ~ : .. .
~:~~I~ :~
~ : cfi~ ~ I 2rW!lf,q: ~~ :
...
3Wffi'q: ~ : ffeffi: I 3WTTM: .. . ~ : cfi~ ~ I ~ ' q : cfi~ :
~ - (cfi) ~ f&fuia1, mfa:IB:, TRf: , ~ , ~ 1

(&) 61Hl<11R, ~ : , ~'tlffi':, ~ :, ~ . ~ :.~: I
NOTES
Q@Rqfi
r..
:~ returned .
' Past Passive Participles of verbs having the sense of ·going · like Tffi . ~ ,:,rrq1 ~ t,T:'R
~ . ~ are also used as Past Active Part,c,ples. e.g , ~ ~Qk-Ht TIB I J.t }ITT-I 1 ;17i'
F.f ;gr 3TT ITT'<f:~ ? ~ 3l1m 3W ~-<TTTJ "l.lf'(lf47fnl I TT1 ff~ ~~.tHl I fu~Tf f~f ,:f;J',1
These sentenc-es wrth Past Pass,vo Port,c,ote~ would bo ns follows lltn t f11f.·'·'l r--;1 1-' :i.~
~ I ;qm ~~J 1~ mr,rq ) ~ ·H11,,n W1 f,_r;!1!HJ 'lfrff--!lftT'9 1 rHTI qip) tqtn:-;-q •nir'
'fi~ ~ I
fMT ~ the meeting was called.
3-fql3lhldl: unwanted .
~ : the head.
6illflf"1 a: was arranged .
~: ' ~: ~ : ~ were seen and asked and consulted .

c f ~ according to one 's intellect.
3WWfi ~~Sll@4'{ sharpness of our intelligence .

~ was told .
"'
~ : essay.
(Z) ~a-aa:~= tfra:
>1'1<1«1{ 1 ~ 4:?lllf'-1 ! ~ <S1~11R cl 1 ~ I cR' 34,lajlR

0
-,"l?T
~~ ~~··-~ cTTc@
'
I 3R
~ ! cfic:l ccfll ~ SIIC<lql1_? ~ ~ : ~l 1 idql1_ 3l~ fNN:c:ll{:? ~ clq lffiTT
~?
-,-nn
~,~
m 3-1Pldqct1 I 3lt qf<qfto1 °fffl ~PldqH I
......,.....,r=r= "'
~ it ~IJ1<1q-fi: ?
~~WAT~ I it 3 l l ~ ~ 1 ~ : , 31:4Hll{J° 1 "Tffic:Rf: I 3W <1f.l ~

~m.px~if~ I
~ ccfll 3ll~1i4i~cfi ~ 4@dql1_? 3W cl"4 ~ Sl<:?l--111{ 3~1f2.acFr1 : 1 .ta:
W:f f!~cil<14ll-rl ch<lr¾<t ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ S\~ I cl°4 ~'Rl:
~= ¢~9,~1fo1 ~-~aq-fi:, ~ S1<r11R ~ 3ll't211f~cti1141f., ~1&1mfoa
4Sl©ugg f~ffij<1q-fi: I ~ cITT: cfiJ ~ ~ ~ cficicl-fi: I ~ 3lfTTaj I
~ ~ : ~ftj&lfa I
"'
~~ro=!~ ~ : qfc3aqH 1
~~~~ ~ qfdciq~ I
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Understand ? p.3
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A gr ee d? p.3
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A good suggestio
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Is it like this ? p.5

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thing. p.7
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He is a good fellow . p.7
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It is not like that.
p.l
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This is not difficult. p.8

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WhO told you this? p.8
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It is not needed so badly. p.9
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I don 't like it. p.9

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He has been repeating the same thing . p.9
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Don't take it seriously. p.1 o

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I didn't know your address. p.11
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I am here as I have urgent work. p.11
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There is still time, isn't it? p.13
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How much can I give him ? p.14
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No, we live separately. p.15
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He is very orthodox . p.15
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He is closely related to him. P- 15
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I never expected that he would tell a ,e. p.
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I did not do it purposely, it was just accidental. p.17

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ii-, :I.I He fell into his trap easily. p.17
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I would have left if you were late by a minute. p.18
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Would you mind lending me your bicycle for a few minutes ? p.18
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It is still half an hour before the bus starts. p.19
~ RJll-1-114 ~sfq 3 l ~ ~ I
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If you do not walk faster, you will miss the bus. p.20
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Please take your hold-all. p.20
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How is your preparation ? p.22
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Mathematics is a headache to me. p. 22

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Studying very hard ? p.22
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n't read much today . p.22

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o we have to go in our uniforms today ? p_
D .:i. . 23
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The bell went by the time we reach ed the schoo l. p.
23
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Are you going to take a special class , sir ? p. :i
2
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Did you take your degree in 80 ? p.24
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Do you know when is the exam ination going to begin ? p.24
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The examination is postponed. p.24
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Has the examination time-table come ? p.24
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The question paper was a bit tough . p.24
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It was very easy . p.24
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The result was announced yesterday . p.25
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Whnt 1~ yu ur ccolo of p:ly ? p 20

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Road tho nowspopor A roi ::m ,n pay IS onnouncoo p 2 7
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How did he manago to go t ouch high marks ? p .27
~ ~ (fl9{ ~ fl 'Sfcf ?
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I Aro you going tor valuation ? p.28

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You are studying well. aren ·1 you ? p.28
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Sign here please p.32
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tt ,s gaiting late p.33
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A!.k h,m 10 como tloro p 33

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Bo It 50. l~t ll 9 r:,•,~ p ·14
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. get it done in five minutes. p.34
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am not well. p.34
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1 feel like vomitting . p.35

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Slight headache since morning. p.35
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You get stomachache now and then, don't you? p.35
~ cfG1 3~(tj~-1I cils4@ fcfK? ?
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Still there is a lot of time. p.36
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Whom do you want to spE~ak to? p.39
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How is the business? p.40
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I am selling it at a lower price to you. p.40
~ WI '1'11f~1 zy;rti:J I
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It rained for the whole night. p.41
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What sultry weather, you know. p.41
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I am frightened only of the rain . p.42
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Dear, you have served a bit too much. p.43
~ ~ ! ~..,_ qftc1ftjaclal ?
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Don 't drink too much water, you will catch a cold
. p.44
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,II Get ready please, let us have meals. p.44
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l have just had meals, thank you . p.44
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A lot of stone~ :n the rice . p.44
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Eat at least a little curd-rice .
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What sweets have you prepared toda y? p.45
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I am very hungry. p.45

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Have you finished eating ? It is getting late for scho
ol. p.45
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Lunch/Dinner is ready. p.47
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No vegetables, what can I do? p.47
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Milk has become sour. p.47
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,ere no one to keep you under check ? p.4B
15 11
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getter do the work myself rather than asking you to do it. p.4g
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you gave him four, only three to me ! p.49
~~~~ . llll ~ TI ;ftfuJ l!.cl !
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How often should I tell you about that? p.49
~ cliFl cf>@qR qc:@64 '{ ?
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1 have asked you ten times not to go in his company. p.49
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1 keep things in order and he throws everything away . p.50
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Sleep well , you will be all right. p.50
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Do you remember, you have scored only 10 in mathematics ? p.50
'llfum ~ 31cnf: l!_q' ~ ~ qJ ?
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Mummy, ask them to read in separate rooms . p.50
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Please see him on to the bus. p.52
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Speak plainly. p.50
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Why are you shouting? P- 53
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Dry your hair first. p.53
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Put on the radio please. p.53
~lcfil~lqloff ~1&49, I
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Why are you calling me again and again ? p.54
fcfifimf -ere: -ere: ~1('4Ri ?
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We have to pay the milk-man today. p.54
I I
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Look up the tailor on your way. p.55
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Sister dear, will you teach me mathematics? p.55
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Why did you give it to him? p.55
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Now you suffer on account of that. p.55

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I know all your secrets. p.56
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Clean your nose, will you ? p.56
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You should have told me, I would have done it. p.56
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. shirt Is a bit too small. p.56
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aoth are of the same height. p.56
3~~ ~1
:flllll: ~ ~I -1,~- -a- 1.q.....:.·l / m~·alll ~ B1lRt I
l hiS big fellow snores loudly. p.57
~ ~ <qt: 4~R lll~ I
~~ : ~ : ~tt{ll l(i I
Whal would you like to have for a drink ? p.57
~~~?
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tfUcl ~ lFTI I 'Cf.'<o
tfUcl ~ I
tf1JlT q Q ~ I
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ffi~ I
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ftct ftIB I
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q1cfiqfq q ~ I ~ - ~l
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qltl ~ w?\0-1 ~ 3=flll ~i t? ~-~~
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~ ~~< 1~" 10- illl 'qqfJ_ ~ : / 3
C. 1<1ctl1_ ~?
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>f?.fll ~ ~ TJWl $aj lM I lf.'N
>f?.fll T I~ TJWl $aj iM I
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3WIB: ~ 1 I
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I
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ccftI 3ll<lR: ~ 1)WT I lGG
(if R'1 fcf i~/ ~c f,~ 1)WT I
r i 3Nl ~~~~I lG ~
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9.
3ATYT: 3Tfea: PI/TR: 3R: RITq|

T TTH
(T) ta: tyaq
877 f HTT ?
:
HIT ER? 7.4
TSTI729
3AT4fuaH fuf-zra afë 33
.
43f4 (Taf4: af4:) fAZT4
3
: 374RAT TT 4TAI 9.4R
: q ? qu
: fE ?
. . ToqahlyT:
3HTS7-H7-T:, 4q fasT-H-T-T4 3TST-YRHN-T: rHYA&-TR18
- 4 T : TT; FHUIRI:, THTHT: YTA AukaiA 34f¥ARA-ATATAa
u1: yfuettztaI44 o 37
TTaERT (Kindergarten :)
3
Juice
apetable biriyani HH khichdi
veaklast
lolypop
Nulter
lemon syrup
utter-mlk .] light meal
cake
mixture
nutritious food
omelette 4UEIy4:T
chewing gum parched rice
cheese
parched grains T: ( )
chocolate
pickles
COCO popcorn ehh ( )
Cream porridge
TE] rice (uncooked)
salad
diet
iattened rice fafve sambar
sandwich
tried grain
tred vegetable soup .]. Z: [T.]
halwa
tiffin 397E: TE]
heavy meal toffee (bonbon)
Ce-cream
vegetarian diet
am
non-vegetarian diet THIER:, HITq-14
afeae, zferasi l . ]
231774 .]
: I.] 'qT4E gfa fe-em
a , Comprehensive English-Hindi Drctionary
F5f , zARHT:I
ATZ TA fyTT74, The Student's English-Sanskrit Dictionary
Sanskrit-English Dictionary
T 347 afrAT4 (Monier-Williams),
HH [ . ] '4Ta zfa 3rhHHTH
HT[.]
: [F]
. . . qufreTA THaG: YTzAS

apron dhoti
badge ear-ring
banian
FUS [ TE, HT-3T]
frock
bedcover
full shirt
bedsheet 3HR [ATE] gamachha
belt
glove
blanket
group uniform
blouse
half pant
bodice
half shirt
buckle (a clamp)-R: [ ] hand bag
button
handkerchief 5 [.]
button-hole
hair-pin 71TUT: () [7]
cap
helmet
carpet
jacket h : l%., 3ATE),
chappal
clip
cloth jersey
comb
kitty cap TRTTfOI
Curtain
,F, ATT] kurta
faresui [3TE]
langot T:.]
gotatseayry 39
jung afe: .
sandal (wooden) K
mattress
saree
mirror
Scarf
mosquito net
shawl VT: 1 . ] |
muffler
shoes
necklace
skirt
necktie
SOcks
Overcoat
sweater afcay, raKH

petticoat table cloth
pocket towel
Pyjama trousers
raincoat
turban zwity: [TE, FO.]
ribbon underwear
ring upper garment 3HH4 [ , TL]
..3. aTEA
aeroplane faHTH motor-bike
ambulance pram
auto-rickshaw private carrier
bicycle public carrier

boat raft (a float)
bus He4H4 [v.F,T] rickshaw

luxury buS school bus
semiluxury bus EtaoTHAH SCooter
chariot T: ship T7:3HTE]

steamer aI979: [ , R.]
car
submarine
police car
cart
tank (military) fa Iq]
hand cart
tanker (oil)
taxi
ferryboat
train
helicopterr
g00ds train
jeep
jet aircraft tractor
trailer
lorry
tramcar
motor (engine)
van (closed car) ddAF4, YTA=u
trolley
truck
postal van
van
wheelbarrow
. . 8 . aTEH
qusfe-it [.] fafaastu

( i-aT4)
ET: [T.]
GHE:
1E [TÈ]
H %, T.]
Tc: R.] tabla 2 : [.] nagara

bayan harp
monochord 4UT: [gATT FA piano
ear trumpet
1gR GAI]* xylophone violin
drumstick a pairof very large
Hl, TE: [G.] small cymbal 7..] flat metallic
Hi [GI.] manjira
cymbals, ¥9
TaR . ] =AR: tanpura
in north India
THT] viola
pakhawaj mouth organ
banjo
: [.]
bassoon
duff
saxophone
T7 (Chaitanya Dev B.), Musical Instruments of

India, Delhi, 1977.
uH (Krishnaswami S.), Musical Instruments of India, New Delhi. 1977.
3
guitar santur
organ lute
orchestra accordian
french horn, cor de

HE4Gy | ] concert
chasse (hunting clarionet
horn) harmonium
3.3.4. G H : Occupation
accountant
clerk fefr: [7l
accountant general HEIAETYI: [g] cloth merchant
actor
compositor (in
actress 3f4AT press)
administrator TTHY: (g] compounder 3TeaT: [7a]
advocate 3HfYa (-) conductor aTr: [3TE]
confectioner
agent
fHeTAAHTI
contractor
artisan TEYFR:[R] cook
artist cowherd YT5: [.]
Hf: [TÈ, F.] creditor, money 374U:, FSUTETAT
astrologer
author, writer lender
dancer Td: [TE]
baker aHT9fy5: [R, T]
barbar dancing girl
beggar fa debtor
blacksmith (-)
book-binder demonstrator
T 4 (- ) dentist
book-seller
business man, ATRT (-3) doctor
trader door-keeper,
butcher if-6: [34TE] gatekeeper
qfh, 7H5: [g.] driver
carpenter
cashier druggist
editor (of a
chancellor
VICe chancellor newspaper)
cleaner , HTG: [] electrician

nurse
elephant driver
milkman
engineer
34fi4I (-q) [g,
middle man, broker H7]: [.,
farmer
officer
fisherman
fortune-teller
o4T:3TE,R] oilman
fowler
HTT (-) [R, painter
gardener
1 , HIR: [P,
panseller -)
goldsmith
grocer peon
groom 3789: [R., TE] perfumer Tf-erh: [ , T2]
hawker aate: [., 3ATCJ photographer
industrialist pick-pocket
pilot faHH : []
inspector Ad: [ ] poet
insurance agent 34TTYat [zg.] policeman
invigilator porter, coolie
jeweller fTAR: [ , T postman
journalist postmaster
labourer Afr6: [T.] potter
landlord
THufa:[v] priest
landowner TEIHT [ , 34TE] principal
lecturer 4TA (-) [q]printer
H: . , 7q]
lexicographer 6I9-6R: [ . ] professor
librarian E7: [3ATÈ], assist. professor 31EZATY: [
magician
TTAI77] propagandist ER: [ , 7
[ T E ] publisher
manager
reader
managing director ya-Halh:
managing officer
[7,]reader (in a
TfTANd - ) university)
registrar
mason : . , 3ATE]
mechanic reporter (of a
newspaper)
esearch assista au
shopkeeper 34T9fur: 4., 7
Singer
sales sentative l4h-ufaf-f soldier
sailor
station master
An-t: po, I
scientist
stenographer
sculptor TEYTHR: R.], superintendent
fdchiR: , e.] supervisor
secretary
Surgeon
additional 377H74: [q]
secretary sweeper HH: [ 3AT2, 7.]
deputy secretary tHfa: [ 1 tailor f 5 [ , 7]
under secretary 37Hfaa: teacher f115: 7., T]
chief secretary Hfa:[q] tutor
joint secretary H f : [ ] typist 3E
assist. secretary HEI44-HTA: [7] washer man T4: 7 , ATE]
extra secretary Hfaftem-Hfera: watch man
34HTE
servant Ya: [ , Fo.] weaver
shepherd H:[3TE, FT.]welder

shoe-maker HAR: [., TT] worker
... H Gymnastics
gymnast tumbler
gymnastic trampoline
parallel bars bouncing
HHITREUEY trampoline gymnast347495:,
uneven bars farcus, 371a-51/37041:,
rings beam
flying rings calisthenics

still rings calisthenics
free standing HT H:, 9ymnast
exercises box vaulting fatrea4

agility vaulting box 3R-f2
tumbling vaulting
long horse
oizontal
pommelied horse
vaaulting horse
..9. THH: aaNUT: YTal Athletics and related words
running pole vaul

race
long distance pole vaulter
running
short distance
runningg pole vault
I,
100 metre run THHTA-Ta4H competition
road race walk
circuit race walking competition TfU
relay race walker , Zafrn
obstacle race tug of war
hurdles
T4,HfUTE
34TR:, 3R4- pentathion
sprint decathlon 3HThET,

jump
high jump 3 , 3r5: on your marks
long jump
342
, P: set
triple jump go
throw
lane
shot-put
starting mark
hammer
hammer throw
finishing mark HHTARET
discus finishing post HHTTPJT
discus throw skipping rope
marker
javelin ATH lane marker
javelin throw HYI-H, THHI: line marker on the
cricket ball throw
51761- H, lawn
I-TAST
thrower
- : judges' stand
pole lap counter
vauit number plates
gong Eu
gong stick
helper
starting block
SART7-a4 stop watch faye
starter's flag
pegs with flags
judge's flag FUPr-HTA pegs with numbers H E - T I
judge for calling
cage
names
concrete base
timekeepers
group champion
a.3.. T : S1S Games & Sports
football tie victory

basketball
fTPEh racket
volleyball
he plays tennis
throwball
match H
softball
Singles match
hocky doubles match
handball
set
rugby game
H : points UTT:
billiards a pair
golf two pairs (3) T

croquet opposite pair
Cricket 515 . ] , court
field, ground
bat he serves 34ta
batsman service
batting team G:
he is batting side
badminton fy-3 opposite side
shuttlecock duration
tennis weight lifting
table tennis qEH4, TEOAH skating
tennis player roller skate
tennis match body building
a tie in tennis barbells 4REE:
a tie (in match) q, Ta: dumbbell RHTE:[1
parade
tormation(miitary) ® E : H ,
parade ground
exercise
3.3.. h l s i Aquatics
diving, divve
swimming
aUEUSH,
4TUI high board diving 7H
swimming pool
Swimming costume RUTT
swimmer TT5,
Spring board diving hr au
stroke back dive
back stroke
reverse dive
breast stroke
crawl
He dives H:
back craw
lifebuoy
butterfly
lifeboat TAHTf
tube
dolphin
.3.0. FYI/TATACAT Combatives
combative boxing
tournament judo Tfs
wrestling HCTSHICI, wrestling final
tournament
wrestling novelty race
. . . HTATUI-YTRATq AT-HYA-yT
account book
album
address (postal)
almirah
advertisement
allowance (extra
aerodrome
agenda
payment)
almond
programme
time-table apparatus
air hostess apple
air mail
fqH-TYTatI [q,] applicant
airport
petitioner 47 ( )
candidate 3nqaf (-3) Iq] box
apricot
(smal)
brake (automobile) 34TRT:
aquariumm
sita: [q] brick |
, 3TT]
astronaut
3FHf A (-3) broom
autograph
brother, elder
axle
brother, younger
bag
brother, youngest
balcony faaf:(l.) [ATT] brother's daughter
bale of straw
brother's son
balloon brother's wife
banana
brush
bandage tooth-brush H : [.]
bank
barley painting brush
basin scrubbing brush E : l . ]
basket (small) shoe-brush
basket (big) toilet brush
bat (animal) bucket a:[]]
battery bulb (elec.)
beans f [
beaver bulbul TarH:[]
bulldozer
bell (cycle)
bullet
bench
bungalow T[]
bilberry
bison buoy
butterfly faaa7g,
blackberry 3ATE], ¥TYA:
blackboard
bus stand HH-ITH4
cabbage 5f9T: [ ]
bolt
bomb
calculator TTUTHh
calendar
book-post
borrowerr 3RUE(-) calling bellI
camera (photog.)T [q]
bowl campus
canal
box (big) HHT, HT J
cannon (mil.) christmas father
cap (of a pen) 37 christmas tree
carbon paper IgRUAY |yI church
carpentryy cinema
carrot circle
cartoon circus yfrety
cash class
cash-book cliff
cash-box climate
cash deposit cobweb
cash memmo cockroach
cashew nut .] collector HHTE (-) | |

cassette college
caterpillar FUST: [3TE] Comet egh , AT
cauliflower compass : , fa (]
ceiling commission 34T4TT: 7]
cement commissioner 3HTA: [ ]
certificate company (com.) H4
chain computer
chair 3uf: Cone
chalk control tower H74H1

cherry cook TT: [3TE]
chess cooker (apparatus) 4 [q]
chess board FTRYE [TE] coolie
cheque cot
bearer cheque aTE5-8HT: [q] cotton
blank cheque A-TT: [] coupon
crossed cheque fiaa-T: [q] cowshed HTT 3TE]
cheque book e-HT1-T [g] cracker
cheque form -HT1-997H [q] cramp
chicken pox Cup
chimney Curtain ferafon 13AT]
chimpanzee custard apple
christmas cushion 37T-14 3ATE
christmas cake date fe
Tatasary:
daughler-1n-law
envelope (postal)
daughter s daughter 1t
episode
daughter's son
eraser
desk excursion faER: , , AT]
dinner exhibition
discount
3HTER[1 extra sfaf
rebate 37ER: [ ] factory
concession
fairy 3A4T [ 3TE]
dish fan
district magistrate
documentary film farm
doll farm-keeper
dolphin father's brother's
door mat wife
draft father's sister
bank draft 34f-far father's brother fo
feather
drawer (of a table) A fees
a: [ , ATT]
drawing 3HTEH fence
drawing pin 34TaU: (G) file

drawing room THSA-54: fire engine
fireman 3Hf4TTH5:
dress
fireworks 34AEHTS-R: [q]
drill
fishing rod
drill (military
exercise) flag
floor
duck
flour
duckling
[34T]
dust collector
duster
flower pot
flower vase
dustbin
dust pan fe [q] fog r 5 T , 7]

THo:[1] fortune-teller 8HTur: [3ATE]
eagle
front light
elbow
electric train frost 9734T, q]
engine frying pan
ER: [.], hat
fuse wire
hazelnut
head light
galaxy 3HTRITTI
34TE] hedgehog
hearth
garage T-TRH
hide-and-seek
gas cylinder afery: [ ]
gas stove afaay-t high way
hippopotamus
gate pass
generator
giraffe ETHT:[Ta] hospital fafhcHI:
glue
host 3Afa: 7a]
gold medal hotel
gorilla T4AFR: [7q] hour
gooseberry house (dol's) TFTTE

grant hunting 3AT: [ 3HTE, 7,],
grinder yTAT [3HTE]
groundnut
husband's younger zaN:
guard TT: ] brother

guard (of a train) ( - ) [yl Ice
guardian ice-proof feHHE

ice creamm
guava industry
incense holder
guinea pig
gum fata: [34Te, 77] inch
gunny bag inland letter

gun ink-pot
machine gun iron (for ironing
light machine gun P A A clothes)
hand-grenade EKfSuy [ ] irrigation
gutter yUT: [TE] jar
hall Igsaw puzzle
handcuffs
handicraft joke yTETH, 34EH:
handle ET:.] journalism
hanger 34T4:[] jug
juggler louse og9
Juice
luggage
kangaroo
lunch
kerosine maida
key market fayfuy: (.) |71
key bunch
mask
kitchen
knife , gf 3AT mass exercise HAI

ladder fA:21 34TE, TH,| mat
ladder (rope) matchstick
lake match box
lamp post mattress
lantern meteor 3c61 4T, 7]
minute
laundry second
lawn mirror
lawn mower TE-faA [ ] missile 34E4 |7., h.]
legend TTu5[34TE] mist
lemon mixer
lemonade moneybox
money order
leopard
fa: [3T] mosaic floor
lettuce mosambi f4pfres lG.]

lid fyeH [3HTE, TZ] mosque
mosquito net
lift
4T: mother's brother's HIg
light
light house y5TT: [ ] , wife
mother's sister HIJH
motor launch
lizard (garden)
lizard (house) municipality
lock a [TE, T] museum
mushroom
log
lotion 37441: [7] mustache T5: [34TT]
lottery afa: nail :
louse nail-cutter
net pebble
newspaper pen
ball pen
notebook felt pen
notice-board sketch pen
oar pen stand
oil can pencil
oil painting
penguin
ointment :
orange (fruit) pension
orchard pepper Hft ATZ,
ostrich per hour
packet Ha: [71 period
packing fifth period
paddle (cycle) petition f
paint petrol
paise
photograph
panther
pickaxe
papaya frta: [T], picnic
[ F . ] picture puzzle
paper weight
pin 3ATOT: () [7]
parachute
pin cushion
parcel
pin holder
park
pill
341UTe:[
afe 3T
party (feast) sifery pillow
passport RYA4 . ] pine apple
paste
pink
pea FR: (ERA:) [q, pipe
3AT]; BAU; J:)pirate
'HEN sA 54TTA14 plane
peach (aeroplane) fa44 3TE,
pear
plane (tool)
plank
hH |AT]
plant
plastic
plate
wATR Quisqualis indica-Faithfulness 31Taftan
E Pterospermum suberifolium-Realisation of the Supramental wea
34fAHT--: HfHfG:
TH-T [R] Polianthes tuberosa-The New Creation 74-qTE:
q y Syzygium jambos-Mastery yT4
yTHIyH (GTH) Bombax malabaricum-Steadfastness in the physica
fr (aE) Albizzia lebbec-Integral Wisdom
riHT
TT, YTEhi Nyctanthes arbortristis-Aspiration 37itH
yHTyTq Moringa oleifera-Hygienic Organisation Rif4-Hi
TgeT l | Helianthus annuus-Consciousness turned towards the LIgnt
Moq Hibiscus mutabilis-The Divine Grace 4 d
. . 4 HUMarching
H : march past in twos/threes/fours number
F4HTOT61 marching competition fHseyes front
TTgroup !fall in. TgR arms down
a T, aHAd: left turn
Hf4fall in according to height in ones/ a , zfFUITER: right turn
twos/threes/fours qe a , 37et9d: about turn
afera: afr line straight from the qH/2fT: Ti fK: double left/right
wheel
right
3-54510: elbow up a Rsideward left march
44 attention afau R sideward right march

HI don't move EIH forward march
3TRA stand at ease 3H9514 backward march
a145 eyes left
FRH stand easy
9 forward/backward TUH salute
/98Tq one step
faE halt
two steps fonward P-HEAH: ER, 3, TH, mark-time
afo e f qTq three steps backward
344: HT forward dress (march on the spot) one, two, one, two
18A: right dresSs a 14 double march

HA4 slow march
I : 3 T fEI:/NI:/0: by the left
g FT-H quick march m, faT:/f:/: ff
roup,
U, fa group, dismiss dismiss in twos/threes/fours
...THTPTAN:/TyaT4AT:
3HR/T:/AH/NARI
THHHHT7: 3AT-/3HNTY-YRTTET:1
.3.9. uAA fAuiiaA af4A-araA

1. Heartiest Diwali Greetings.
R. ld Mubarak.
3. Heartiest Vijaya Greetings.
. A happy New Year to you.
4 Many happy returns of the day.
. Hearty congratulations on the new arrival.

Taiasearq:
9.
Congratulations on the distinction conferred on
you
. Best wishes for a long and happy married life.
HE47--zT-tA
3. A Merry
Christmas
FfTE-TH
to you.
o. Hearty congratulations on your success in

the examination.
3. Best wishes for a safe and pleasant journey.
yR-AAF-T 3HHR-T
3. Hearty congratulations on your success in the election.
ffaf ATTÀ KAfRAHI
3. Many thanks for your good wishes which l/we
reciprocate heartily.
THT:45-0R4ET: I37 T TAKII
%. Congratulations.
34 Loving Greetings.
. May heaven's choicest blessings shower on the young couple.
19. Wish you both a happy and prosperous wedded life.
R. Kind remembrances and all good wishes for the Independence Day.
3. Sincere Greetings for the Republic DayLong live the Republic.
Ro. My heartiest Holy Greetings to you.
. Wishing the function every success.

414qufHTA7 AFTE-TH-3
RR. Many thanksfor your kind message of greetings.
afH-ITY 3-RAE:
3. Best wishes for your success in the examination.
R. Best wishes for your success in the election.

Blessings to the newly married couple.
R. Heartiest Pongal Greetings.
R9. Heartiest Gurparb Greetings.
R. Greetings on the occassion of Paryushan-A day of universal forgivenese
R. Heartiest Onam Greetings.
. Best wishes for your wedding anniversary.
3. Wish you a happy retired life.
R. Wish you a speedy recovery.
3. Heartiest Ugadi Greetings.
. Congratulations on your victory.

3. Wish you a happy Bihu.
3. A Happy Easter.
30. Heartiest Greetings of Buddha

Jayanti.
. Heartiest congratulations on
Grihapravesh.
23. Heartiest Guru Ravi Das
Purnima Greetings.
o.
TF-ae-piHri azaf-FRAy
Heartiest Greetings on
Navroj.
3oo. My deepest condolence.
gatase:
. . . fautaretyrae:
37
3H1E
HIROT
378: 34R T
3TH HIGR
3HTEr 3C4,
3794
34-4T
34-H1T
fT
fafa
fays
3Anf, Afqufa feTHT
3HTT fAATTT
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T
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372414
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3447
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4
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( T ) T , T7, T7, 377,
(T.)
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farufa:
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,
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faea, ta, afY, JTa, qrET, H, TA, a1, YSI, 41, HI, HTRI
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T
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HI
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HTTA:(AIE STT:) I] -qz4HI
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3RRI zfa 3dT: I] =-1|
fa fT frq+31-+%+=++3T (' quf
5 R Ffa TT: ] =fA|
(. 9..2R°)
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T+3 ['3ATS 4: (I. 9,.3.2o) sta zaU a

TP 3HARFI URCT: I] =R+31=T ++3H1=R
344+3T ['YAKa: (T. E.3.9c)] =II a
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f9
HT
+F+=7+0+
RY
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T: 1] =H+37+ STANa:' (T.
['TISa4
Tgeisey:
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3
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a a
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[ STEe
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I.
9,3.8]=HE:
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UT
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( 1 h : - R : | 3ATHIA-T4)
(af-HfA 1) (F-ufaHf 1)
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(H-4-TfaI yfa-ÝHR I)
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(-P-4T: 1)
( ) gui fayf:
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faiq 3HTTA: =TTTA:I
318 3Tuj 7T94 I 3HTYUTTq 3T I
7
3RT ATFRIDI
() i faufam:
37: fET=3HANTET I
T:4-TFI
THR TEH
(hlelblh-hiPa)
(1 htk}
lh Inbk latlE Ihph Hble)
ee alE latDitate
h ah trilk lalakh
ale
htahithbl the
lntaoe hltke
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oo
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Heif-4T)
(T)Htq
faey FETAfa- fetary
faf faauq
fasrur fapqur
Nom. gS:/3474
one that this fruit one
he this boy one she this girl
Accu.
to HIH
Instru. afe4
by, with 3
Dative afoer
for, to 3
Abla.
from 34HIA 3T:
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a
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HTq+3-HI+3:M-HI+37+3-HRI
HTI ( T : ) HTT [HT+3=H + +3t =4rd +377+3=4743A
T+3-E =+7+3=7A
a +91-aq+3 +3=aq+q+3=qa
(T) iT-qÍ-UBi-RaanA
(T) TE-Pai-faaq
EfT, qa4at:, 4, a:, 7:, aeA:, TA, ,
fAI:, a ,
a +: =ag4:| 7+8t:=a7:
+34: +7+M:=PT:|7Y+31: =HT+3+3:=T++=HTAI:

f+75+3T: = +3: -f4:
I q +3: =
: UY '37 afi FET,

+T:=q+37+3:=q++3AT:=+3T+3:=
e:II+3: =+31+3: =++3:
=+7+3: = : |
+3H H-+3+31TTAH=q++3HTTAH=EH
7+3TT: =+75+3TIT: =+T+3HTCRT: =TATCT: I
+34=+U+A=+3T+
TE 4H,
7-RT-t, seni ¥T:, 340, y.3o
qgd: .3
615:: f6: z70]: :f94H5:|
fRTRRAYI ATTT:I
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() 7DTAAH
farq
fayurq faytau
,
, , 4TA4/ AA14 IA4
fafem fayr TEETAA-fauuy

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Functional Sanskrit:

Its Communicative Aspect

It is fair to ask the

concluding chapter records the author's observations.

facilitate rapid learning.

Dr. Keshab Chandra Dash

Abla. Ablative Masc./M. Masculine

0.. HAATT ATTitkraraT: uftarfr

e7HT i-^TTRI HTT H , 3uYTRT 4T9T , aA 4TT

to be the mother of all Indian languages: she has nursed all

0.. HaTT HTARI TaA

The only safety, I tell you men who

Report of the Sanskrit Commission, 1956-57, 1958,

Evolutives, Paris, Vol. I,

"India's NationalLanguage, New Delhi, 1965, pp.

those who belong to a Hindi-speaking province. Sanskrit

(T) 4 3auea: KH T9T 3744 TRT: 3HTRTYUITa

Chakravarti Dhyanesha Narayana, 77&7 T HFd, 1967, p. 63

0.. ATATT: 4tq4

as far as possible pure a usel"* gfa 3&ui yNTT Harish Trivedi

Oscar Luis Chavarria-Aguilar 4EIET 3farf faUt=

It would be impossible to find an example of a civilisation or cultural system

In all industrialised countries science is taught in schools and colleges-

has more successfully

Michael West HBER HATARUI KEYTETUP: RAI-3A: 3THTTAI: 9T8UTH

On the practical plane must

Raghu Vira, India's National Language, p. 219

operations and as a language technology.

It would help us to invigorate languages of lIndia. As Gandhiji said,

Sanskrit was simplified, it could serve

HT 4: 3 Y:| 37444: R.2.2?

"The Indian Nation, 1 February 1987

37fstaaA 37Huf fe-yrarai afgai

f4aT 37AI 3 fa7:

HfH H P.D. Gune HETERI 4 3TaATP4| TU7-

*Hindi has, however, a

5HFT: 379:TETI: Y1EI: 31-4f4: f1api:

34, 34 341, 4HSA

f5, 16EI, 3HQAT

Masc. fT| AE YdA:/3164 347H

Indicative Indefinite. M. fRaTI 3AE

Had I been falling. F.

Contingent Future. M. fTI 3HË TAYH

4T4TR afeeHErIy, T7d, TTYUTH, 4ETHRTH, 37-41f

HT: 34974 3ANTH

31EUH 3RU (TRI 4:)

34-44RTT 37EHRTHÍ 7AR: TM, 3-31, 37

395 HTRTRT fai

.R.q 3TT: (fA¢TA:)

474 34, 374

34TRT 3r/3T, 37 3ATM:/34TTT| TEUTI faq THAa

T7: qfug:-A4: qu:

7 747-" Library q ? " (348

FHTR: -7 aTyq? (7 : AT:?) YI|

? Y Ifa ?" ( aE! 4i f i ufa ? f 4 a f ?)

Sri Aurobindo, Karmayogin, SABCL Vol. 2, 1972, pp. 20-21

fA:T6: AH5: TRITTHGARI

34ferE TEUTA: ufrv)

a-Trs fs yrefa? 317 3fT ?

oar-f4a:! faae zfa fq?

yt-! hPA: fa: 3Af4HTA ?

34R F7Ka Z: ? (37AT

htsfreuet (FhsIU: RrauE 4R) PM:| : Ayoay4TUTR (379 R9

B4d: (f7) ZA: (:)

\\~ ~~ ti.~ ~~ ~\9

~\9 \9(, \9~ (, ~ ~~ ~ (, ~4.

~~ ~ (, ~~ \9~ (,~ \9~ ~~

~ 19{! ~"ST "if I fu:miJ ~ cfTllt: I 3l~ ~chfll ~

~t., ~ l.._ ~l.._ - \.9~