E, J, S0 D DARD,

PR ME M0WER.
APPLICATION FED FEB, 28, 19 6,
}, $06,866, Patented June 17, 1919,

IMWI WEWTOR?

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 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
ELLIOTT J. STODDARD, OF DETROIT, TVEICHIGAN.
PERE RAIOVER.

1.306,865. Specification of Letters Patent. Patented June 13, 1919,

Application filed February 28, 1916. Serial No. 80,802.
To all whom it may concern: m is an air heating apparatus consisting
Be it known that I, ELLIOTT J. STODDARD, in this instance of a coil of pipe inclosed in
a citizen of the United States, residing at . atohood to secure a better application of heat
Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michi said coils.
gan, have invented a certain new and useful u is an orifice through which inflammable 55
improvement in Prime Movers, and declare material is supplied to maintain a flame ad
the following to be a full, clear, and exact jacent to such opening for heating the
description of the same, such as will enable plpen.
others skilled in the art to which it pertains is is a casing divided into two compart- -
0 to make. and use the same, reference being ments s and 8' by a flexible diaphragm s”. 60
had to the accompanying drawings, which s' is a needle valve connected at the center
form a part of this specification. of the diaphragm s and adapted to regu
My invention relates to prime movers and late the openings through the orifice u.
the object of my improvements is to provide v is a pipe joining the chamberg with the
5 a strong and compact heat engine with ex chamber 8, and t is a supply pipe for in 65
terior heating. . flammable material to be supplied for the
In recent years, the steam engine has been maintenance of the flame above the orifice u.
... made so powerful and compact that it could The pipe t communicates with the cham
be used for propelling a vehicle and the in ber 8° of the casing s.
ternal combustion engine has also been made
' up
20 The heating coils m, communicate with 70
, so powerful and compact that it was service the intake valve h to the cylinder a through
able for this purpose. The object of my im a pipe h'.
provements is to make the hot air, or so n is a cooler consisting in this case of a
called caloric, engine sufficiently powerful coil of pipes inclosed in a casing through
25 and compact to be used for vehicle propul which casing cooling material is passed, such 75
sion and other similar purposes. . . . . . . as Water.
I secure this object in the apparatus shown is a pipe forming a conduit connecting
and illustrated in the accompanying draw the port of the discharge valve i with the
ing and by the method hereinafter described, cooling coil n. i* is a pipe connecting the
3) it being understood that the invention may coil n with the intake valve to the cylinder 80 .
be embodied in various forms of apparatus f.discharge
k is avalve
pipe kconnecting the port of the
and that the one shown is for convenience of with the heating coil m.
illustrating only. -
In the figure a is the working cylinder I have indicated the valves h and i, and i
and ke as mechanically operated which I be
having an intake valve h and discharge live to be the preferred forms. I have not 85
valve i, b is the piston reciprocating in the
shown in detail the valve operating mecha
cylinder a. o. is a piston rod and have nism. . .
shown this rod connected by a Scotch yoke a is a spring below the diaphragms and
through a crank p and fly wheel o in the y is a lever upon, which the lower end of
40 usual way f is a pump cylinder and g is the the spring a bears. 2 is a set screw by which 90
piston reciprocating t? e is a piston the levery may be adjusted and therefore
rod extending from the pistong and con the tension of the spring ay may be regu
nected to the Scotch yoke daxially in line
lated.
with the piston rod c. is the intake valve The operation of the above described de
to the cylinder f. and k is the discharge vice is as follows: 95
valve, A material adapted to be expanded and
gis a chamber orjacketed space surround contracted in proportion to its temperature
ing the cylinder a, and r is a covering of?. is placed in the chambers and s and com
heat insulating material over the wall of the municating pipe , and the tension of the
50 jacket g, spring ae is regulated so that when the cylin 300
 2 i,806,885
der a and consequently the material in the stroke the volume of the compression cylin
jacket q is heated to the maximum at which der would be about half that of the working
it may be safely operated, that is to say, cylinder,
usually the maximum temperature at which It will be seen that in the above 'described
an efficient lubrication of the cylinder a may device the rate of application of the heat is 70
be maintained, the diaphragm st will be regulated to conform to the demand upon
forced upward and the supply of fuel to the the engine inasmuch as if there is a greater
orifice u will be stopped or suitably checked. load on the engine there will be a tendency
Then air at a high pressure, say about five for the temperature of the air passing to the
O hundred pounds per square inch, is forced working cylinder to fall and consequently 75
into the receptacle m and heated therein and increase the flow of fuel to the burner and
is admitted in the usual way through the if the demand is less a contrary effect will
valve h to actuate the piston d and is then be produced. Thus the rate of supplying
discharged into the cooler n and after its heat is adapted to a fluctuating load on the
5 temperature has fallen it is taken into the engine. That is to say, a load which is in its 80
pumps through the intake valve i and again nature variable from moment to moment
compressed and forced back into the recep Such as is met with in automobile practice.
tacle m through the valve k and pipe k”. What I claim is:
These connections form a closed system. 1. In a caloric engine, a closed system,
20 A temperature of about six hundred de air under compression in said system, a 85
grees. Fahr. may be maintained in the cylin working cylinder and a compression cylin
der a and this temperature will be auto der in Said System, and automatically regu
matically maintained by the above described lated means for raising the temperature of
the air as it passes from the compression
25 ?P??? m
he temperature may be reduced to about }; to the working cylinder so that it 90
sixty-two degrees in the cooler n. shall not have risen beyond a predetermined
The high pressure air is admitted to the temperature when it passes to the working
cylinder a and forces the piston d down cylinder.
ward for about half its stroke, this air is 2. In a caloric engine, a closed system, air
30 then shut off and expanded until its pressure under compression in said system, a Work 95
drops to say two hundred and fifty pounds. ing cylinder and a compression cylinder in
It is then expelled to the cooler and its tem said system, and means for gradually, heat
perature reduced to its lower limit and it is ing and cooling the air passing through said
then taken into the compressor and re-com system, and means for limiting the working
35 pressed and transferred to the receptacle m. cylinder to a predetermined temperature. 00
It will be observed that this engine may 3. In a caloric engine, a closed system, air
be run. rapidly as the air may be gradually under compression in said system, a working
heated as it passes through the receptacle m. cylinder and a compression cylinder in said
Of course, the precise intervals of admis system, and means for gradually heating
O sion and expansion and discharge are not and cooling the air passing through said 05
essential to the working cylinder, as the high system and means for automatically limiting
temperatured and highly compressed air the working cylinder to a predetermined
might be admitted for the entire stroke or temperature.
any portion thereof. 4. In a caloric engine, a closed system, a
The receptacles m and n should be quite working cylinder, means for heating and 10
cooling the air passing through said system,
large so that the pressures in them shall not
vary materially in the operation of the en a compression cylinder, and means for limit
gine and the air will remain in them for a ing said working cylinder to a predeter
sufficient interval to be fully heated and mined temperature.
50 cooled. 5. In a caloric engine, a closed system, 5
I have not tried to illustrate definitely
means for heating and cooling the air in
the relative sizes of the working and com said system, material adapted to be ex
pression cylinder nor the intervals of ad panded by an increase in temperature sur
mission and expansion in the respective cylrounding the working cylinder, and a heat
55 inders, as these would vary for different reing apparatus, and means connecting said 120
quirements and according to the judgment material with said heating apparatus to
of designers and the approximate propor regulate the degree to which the air supplied
tions are matters of elementary engineeringto the cylinder is heated.
60
calculations.
With the temperatures assumed and an
6. In a caloric engine, a closed system, a
working cylinder, means for heating and 125
expansion of two to one in pressure I have cooling the air passing through said system,
calculated the compression cylinder to havea compression cylinder, and an automatic
a volume of about six-tenths to that of themeans controlled by the temperature of the
working cylinder. If the air is admitted toair adjacent to the working cylinder for
65 the working cylinder, throughout the entire controlling the temperature of such air, 130
 1,306,865
7. In a caloric engine, a closed system, air have risen beyond a predetermined tempera
under compression in said system, a work ture when it passes to the working cylinder,
ing, cylinder and a compression cylinder in and means for adjusting said automatically 10
said system, and automatically regulated regulated means.
means for raising the temperature of the air In testimony whereof, I sign this specifi
as it passes from the compression cylinder to cation.
the working cylinder so that it shall not ELLIOTT.J. STODDARD.