Rectangular Pulse

0.5
1  j 00 t 1
c0 
T  1 e dt 
T 2
 0 .5 T ,
0
Fourier Transform 1
0.5
1
  c0T  1
T 0.5
ck  1e  jk0t dt  e  jk0 0.5  e jk0 0.5
 Tjk0 2 k0
ck T  sin
k0
ck 
1
Tjk0

e jk0 0.5  e  jk0 0.5 
2
Tk0
 k
sin 0
2
2

1
2

Example : rectangular pulse

  
1   t 
x(t )   2 2
pτ(t) 0 otherwise
1 

As T , 2
X     x(t )e dt   1e dt
 j t  j t
Converges to a  

continuous spectrum –τ/2 0 t 2
τ/2

 1   j 2 
j 
X   
j
e 
 1  j t
 2

 
j 
 e  e 2

2 
     
X   
2
sin     sinc 
  2   2 

3 4
 Exercise: Exponential function Exercise: Exponential function
Exponential signal: x(t)=e-btu(t) Exponential signal: x(t)=e-btu(t)
 Time-domain representation Frequency domain
 If b>0, exp(-bt)  0 If b0, the limit cannot be evaluated
If b>0, exp(-bt)  0 as t approaches infinity
Frequency domain
 
X   
1
X     bt  j t  bt  jt
 e u (t )e dt   e e dt 1 1
 X    0  1  b2   2
b  j b  j
0

X   
1
b  j

e  ( b  j ) t

0
 X     tan 1

b
5 6

Exercise: Exponential Example 3: Linearity:

function Exponential signal: x(t)=e
2
  
1  t 
-btu(t)
1 x(t )  p (t )   2 2
0 otherwise
X   
1 
X     tan 1   
b 2 2
 X     sinc
-2 -1 0 1 2
b 
0.07
Magnitude spectrum of x(t)
0
Phase spectrum of x(t)  2 
=
0.06 1

0.05
Magnitude Phase y (t )  p2 (t )  p4 (t )
spectrum with -0.5 spectrum with
0.04 -2 -1 0 1 2
b=4 b=4
A ngle X (w)

 2   4 
|X (w)|

+
0.03
1
 Y ( )  2 sinc   4 sinc 
-1
 2   2 
0.02

   2 
-2 -1 0 1 2
 Y ( )  2 sinc   4 sinc 
    
0.01

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 -1.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
w (rad/sec) 4
x 10 w (rad/sec) 4
x 10

8
 Example : Time-Shift
Previous result: Exercise
  
1  t    
x(t )  p (t )   2 2  X     sinc
0 otherwise

 2 
 Consider

 Find the FT of the following signals

New function:
1

y (t )  p2 (t  1)
-2 -1 0 1 2
 2   
 Y ( )  e  j 2 sinc  j
  2e sinc 
 2   

9 10

Solution Solution

11 12
Solution Solution

13 14