Grade 9 Study of the first element-Hydrogen Dr.

Kovleen Sahni

Oxidation Reduction

Electronic concept: Electronic concept:

Process in which an atom or ion loses electrons: Process in which an atom or ion gains electrons:
Zn -2e- Zn2+ Cu2+ + 2e- Cu

Addition of oxygen Removal of oxygen

2Mg + O2 2MgO CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
C + O2 CO2 ZnO + C Zn + CO

Addition of electronegative atom Addition of electropositive atom/ion

2FeCl2 + Cl2 2FeCl3 2HgCl2 + SnCl2 Hg2Cl2 + SnCl4
Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Zn + 2 HCl ZnCl2 + H2

Removal of Hydrogen Addition of Hydrogen

H2S + Cl2 2HCl + S H2S + Cl2 2HCl + S
2NH3 + 3Cl2 2FeCl2 + 2HCl + S

Removal of electropositive ion Removal of electropositive ion

2KI + H2O2 2KOH + I2 2KI + H2O2 2KOH + I2

Oxidising agent: Oxidises other substance by:
a. Accepting electrons
b. providing oxygen
c. providing electronegative ion
d. removing hydrogen
e. removing electro positive ion
Oxidising agent: Oxidises other substance by:
a. Providing electrons
b. providing hydrogen
c. providing electropositive ion
d. removing oxygen
e. removing electro negative ion

Examples: Examples:
Solids : MnO2, red lead, KMnO4, K2Cr2O7 Solids : C, Zn, Al, Cu, Stannous chloride, glucose
Liquid: Bleaching powder, conc. HNO3, conc. H2SO4, Liquid: H2O2, HI, HBr
Br2
Gaseous : H2S, CO, SO2, NH3
Gaseous : O2, O3, Cl2, SO2