STUDY OF FIRST ELEMENT

HYDROGEN
Similarity Alkali metal [group1] Halogens [group 17]

Electronic configuration One valence electron +1 One less than noble gas -1

Character Electropositive Electronegative

Valency Electrovalency 1 Electrovalency and covalency

Reactions Strong affinity for non-metals Atomicity – diatomic

Eg . O, S, Cl molecules – Cl 2, H2
Hydrogen- H2O , H2S , HCl
Sodium- Na2 , Na2S NaCl

agents Reducing agents oxidizing agents

CuO +H2 Cu +H2O
Reaction with boiling water /steam
Metal oxides with alkalis to give salt and water
❖purification
❖Impurites removed by passing through the washer bottle.
❖1- AgNO3 – impurity – Arsine [AsH3] and Phosphine [PH3]
❖2- Pb(NO3)2 – Hydrogen sulphide [H2S]
❖3- KOH- NO2 , CO2 , SO2
❖U-tube 4 - CaCl2 - Moisture.

❖Precaution
❖No leakage of gas and
❖ no flame near the apparatus.

❖Collection
❖Hydrogen gas is collected by --- Downward displacement of
water
 BOSCH PROCESS /
INDUSTRIAL PROCESS
Unreacted carbon monoxide
❖By dissolving the mixture in
ammonical cuprous chloride solution.

❖CUCl+ CO + 2H2O CuCl.CO.2H2O

 TYPES OF CHEMICAL CHANGES
OXIDATION REACTIONS REDUCTION REACTIONS
❖ LOSS OF ELECTRONS ❖ Gain of electrons
Cu Cu 2+ + 2e- Fe 3+ + e- Fe 2+
Cu – 2e- Cu 2+ Fe 3+ Fe 2+ + e-
❖ Addition of oxygen ❖ Removal of oxygen
2Zn+ O2 2ZnO CuO + H2 Cu + H2O
❖ Removal of hydrogen ❖ Addition of hydrogen
H2S +2 Fe Cl3 2FeS + 2 HCl + S Cl 2 + H2S 2HCl + S
❖ Addition of electronegative element ❖ Removal of electronegative element
Zn +H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2 PbSO4 + H2 Pb + H2SO4
❖ Removal of electropositive element ❖ Addition of electropositive element
2KI + H2 O2 2KOH + I2 Br2 + 2HCl 2 HBr + Cl2