Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ISBN
uqøKh ( uqøKd,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
ta wkqj 6 isg 13 fY%aKs úIh ks¾foaY yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY mka;s ldurh ;=<
id¾:l j ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a
iïmdokh lr we;'
w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a uÕsska úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< WoaOD; .=re YsIH fomd¾Yajh
fj; iemhSfuka wod< úIh Odrdj myiqfjka wOHhkh lsÍug myiqlï ie,fikq we;s
nj wmf.a úYajdih hs'
fuu w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a Tn w;g m;a lsÍu i|yd Ydia;%Sh odhl;ajh iemiQ
wdh;ksl ld¾h uKav,h iy ndysr úoaj;=ka fj; udf.a lD;{;dj ysñ fõ'
i
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsjqvh
bf.kqu ksr;=re j we.ehSu iu. iïnkaO l< yels h' by< we.ehSï idOkhla
i|yd w;a±lSu mq¿,a úh hq;= h' úyso .sh mq¿,a mrdihla iys; by< we.ehSul ysñlu
ieug u Wmßu i;=gla Wreu lrhs' ta i|yd fiajkhg wod< mqoa.," ia:dk" jia;=" isoaê
nyq, ùu wjYH h'
tfia bf.kqï w;a±lSï mq¿,a lsÍu i|yd w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd;a ilia lsÍug
yelsùu cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khg i;=gls' ta i|yd lem ù ls%hd l< ieug wmf.a
ia;;
= sh msßkefï'
YsIH m%cdj fuu w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd; mßyrKh lrñka tuÕska bÈßm;a lrk
fjk;a ±kqï uQ,hka o ióm lr .;fyd;a by< idOkhla fj; <Õd ùug yels ùu
ksiel h' tneúka YsIH" .=re fo.=re" ieuf.a wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h' fuu w;sf¾l
iïm;a fmd;a ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lsÍug Wla; ieuf.a wjOdkh fhduq ùu o wm úiska
wfmalaId flf¾' wod< hï lreKla fjf;d;a wm ±kqïj;a lrk f,i b,a,d isák w;r
±fha ¥ orejkaf.a bf.kqï mrdihka mq¿,a fjñka wNsudkj;a ±hla f.dv kefÕa jdz hs
m%d¾:kd lrñ'
ii
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
ye¢kaùu
YS% ,xldfõ mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< yr fyj;a m%Odk úIhhka f,i ms<s.;a ujqni"
.Ks;h" úoHdj jeks úIhhka i|yd fndfyda lf,l isg úIh ks¾foaYhg iu.dó j .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYhg ^Teacher Guide& wu;r j fm< fmd;a ^Text books& Ndú;fha mj;S' ta
wkqj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY .=rejrhdg o" fm< fmd; isiq mßyrKhg o ,nd foñka isiqka
;=< keK myka b;d Wiia f,i o,ajkakg iefjdu ls%hd;aul fj;s'
1' .=r ejrhdg w;HjYH úIh lreKq tl f.dkq jla fldg imhd §fuka .=r e
ld¾hlaIu;dj by< kexùu'
2' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfhys iúia;rd;aul j bÈßm;a fkd flfrk úIh wka;¾.;h
fuu fmd; weiqßka ,nd§u'
3' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh m%udKfhka msgq úYd, .Kklg hdu je<elaùu yd Bg w;HjYH
u lreKq muKla we;=<;a lsÍu'
4' u;fNaohkag ;=vq fok úIh lreKq fjf;d;a ta ms<sn| cd;sl jYfhka talu;sl
Ndjhla we;s lsÍug wjYH ksYaÑ; lreKq$;¾l iïmdokh lsÍu'
5' úIh lreKqj, iu;=,s; nj yd iSud ks¾Khkays m%ñ;s .; nj we;s lsÍfuka we.ehSï
ld¾h myiq lrùu'
6' .=rejrhdf.a ±kqu ks¾foaYfhka u|la Tíng m%idrKh lrñka úIhdkqnoaO ±kqu
ms<sn| úYajikSh;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu'
7' .=re isiq fomsßig u bf.kqï$b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh rij;a yd yrj;a w;a±lSula njg
m;a lsÍu'
ta id buy;a iïm;la f,i fuu fmd; wm foi ore le,f.a hy .=K keK
jvkakg fuka u rij;a bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lr .kakg .=re Tng msysg jkq
we;' .=re Tfí ls%hdYS,S nj yd ±kqïj;a nj ñka ;j ;j;a jefâ jd! tfuka u j;auka
ore le,g fi!kao¾h úIhh bf.kqu rij;a yd yrj;a Ôú; w;a±lSula fõ jd! hs uu
m;ñ'
iii
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
úIhud,d lñgqj
WmfoaYl;ajh yd
wkque;sh ( Ydia;S%h lghq;= uKav,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
f,aLl uKav,h
wNHka;r ( tia' j¾Kisxy - wOHlaI ^je'wd'&
nqoaê l,HdKs uq;=l=udrK - fcH' lÓldpd¾h
î' uÍkd Ysrdka;s o fidhsid - lÓldpd¾h
iv
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
fÊ'tï'ã' YHdud - .=re WmfoaYl
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - ñkqjkaf.dv
tï' fyajdú;drK
.=re fiajh - n'm' úoHdlr nd,sld úoHd,h - uyr.u
ta'tï' ìhxld tï' wfíisxy
.=re fiajh - n'm' O¾umd, úoHd,h - mkaksmsáh
tï'tï'tia'mS'fla' udrisxy
.=re fiajh - yxje,a, rdcisxy u'u' úoHd,h - yxje,a,
oSma;s mshfialr
.=re fiajh - wdkkao nd'u'ú' - fld<U
tï'tï' iuka; úfÊisß
.=re fiajh - Èlaje,a, u'ú' - Èlaje,a,
úIh ixialdrl
uKav,h ( fcHIaG uydpd¾h uqÈhkafia Èidkdhl
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h úl%uisxy nKavdr
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h wfidald Èidkdhl
wdpd¾h Ys%hdks rdcmlaI
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h iqks,d rEmiair
fi!kao¾h l,d ú'ú' - fld<U 07
v
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
mgqk
msgj
q
1 mrsÉfþoh
1'0 mßirh weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh 1
2 mrsÉfþoh
2'0 k¾;k m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh 8
3 mrsÉfþoh
3'0 idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK 26
4 mrsÉfþoh
4'0 YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ine¢ .dhkdj, miqìu
yd .dhkh 32
5 mrsÉfþoh
5'0 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odh yd ine¢ ft;sydisl yd 37
ixialD;sl miqìu
6 mrsÉfþoh
6'0 úúO l,dx.j, fi!kao¾hd;aul jákdlï 49
7 mrsÉfþoh
7'0 w;a±lSï weiqre lr.ksñka m%dix.sl l,dx. ks¾udKh 54
vi
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
11 mßÉfþoh
mßÉfþoh
by; p,k fhdod .ekSfï § ßoauh fyda ;d,h fyda weiqre lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'
ls%hdldrlu (
by; Ndj ksrEmKhg wkqj zzW;aidyZZ Ndjfhka ksrEmKh jkafka ùr rih hs'
• le,fha or leãug .sh mqoa.,fhla yÈisfha j<lg jefghs' bka f.dv taug ±ä
W;aidyhl ksr; fõ' wjidkfha j< ;=<g ±uQ wdOdrlhl t,a,S Tyq f.dvg ths'
;d,ïmg oE;g f.k jdokh lrñka k¾;kfha fh§u ;d,ï kegqfï úfYaI
,laIKh hs' .dhkfha § yd k¾;kfha § ;d, ;eîug fhdod .kakd ;d,ïmg ;d,ï
kegqfï § rx. NdKavhla f,i fhdod .kshs' tfuka u fndfyda .eñ kegqï Ôjk
jD;a;shlg iïnkaO jqj o ;d,ï kegqu tfia fkdfõ' th úfkdaodiajdoh i|yd u
ks¾udKh jQjls' ;d,ï lú ks¾udKh ù we;af;a ir, NdIdfjka jk w;r" we;eï tajd
m%;sjd§kag wNsfhda.d;aul iajrEmfhka o rpkd ù we;'
;d,ï kegqu msßñ ldka;d fomlaIh úiska u rÕ olajkq ±lsh yels h' msßñ
mlaIh úiska rÕ olajk úg ;dKavj njla olakg ,efí' ;d,ïmg oE;g f.k úúO
l%u Ys,am Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka yrU ±laùu fuys iqúfYaI ,laIKhls'
;d,ï lú úúO ;d, rEm wkqj .dhkh lrñka k¾;kh l< yels h'
ud;%d 3 ;d,h
;d,ï kegqu i|yd ir, mo fhdod .ksñka .dhkh yd jdokh iys; j iduQysl
j k¾;kfha fhfoa'
l=,a, luf;a § Ndú; lrkq ,nk w;r uq¿;eka f.hs WmlrKhla f,i ksjfia
§ Ndú; lrhs' luf;a § ne; tl;= lsÍu" ldgqj msi yeÍu" ne; yq<x lsÍu" .,aje,s
iy,ska bj;a lsÍu i|yd mQ lsÍu" msßisÿ l< ne; f.daksj,g msrùu wdÈ ld¾hhkays §
l=,a, fhdod .efka' luf;a § msßñ md¾Yajh l=,a, Ndú; lrk w;r uq¿;ekaf.hs
jevlghq;=j, § tkï ù fm<Su" iy,a fm<Su" iy,a mQ lsÍu wdÈ lghq;=j, § ldka;djka
úiska l=,a, Ndú; lrkq ,efí'
l=¨ kegqu i|yd fhdod .kakd lú úúO ;d, rEm yd úúO kdoud,d wkqj ir,
.eñ nia jyrlska ks¾udKh ù we;' tfuka u fï i|yd r;akud,S foõÿj iïnkaO
rkaf;,Uq j¾Kkdfõ tk lú yd r;akj,a,S lú o fhdod .kq ,efí'
tfia ilid .;a l=,a, k¾;kfha § úúO ieris,s yd j¾K fhdod w,xldr lr
.kshs'
wjldY Ndú;h ie,ls,a,g f.k úúO rx. rgd f.dv kÕñka l=,af,ka lrkq
,nk ld¾hhka wkqlrKd;aul j k¾;kh i|yd fhdod .; yels h'
by; mska;+r ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § l=,a, Ndú; lrñka k¾;kh isÿ lrk whqre fmfka'
l=¨ kegqu ks¾udKfha § my; i|yka l=¨ lú .dhkh i|yd Ndú;hg .; yels h'
ud;%d 3 ;d,h
ls%hdldrlu (
kuH;d wNHdi
k¾;khg wjYH yev;, ilia lr .ekSu i|yd kuH;d wNHdi b;d jeo.;a
fjhs' tneúka 6 fYa%Ksfha § W.;a kuH;d wNHdihkag wu;r j ;j;a wNHdi y;rla
ilia lr .ekSu wjYH fõ' fuu wNHdi lsÍfï § fnr jdokhg fyda ix.S; LKavj,g
fyda wkqj tajd isÿ lsÍfuka tajd wNHdi lsÍu myiq fõ'
Wod ( 1' 1" 2" 3" 4 jYfhka bÈßhg yd miqmig .uka lsÍu'
5" 6" 7" 8 wxlj, oS b| .ekSu yd keÕsàu
by; ls%hdldrlï lsÍfï § yia; p,kh lsÍu ysi iy foweia ls%hd lrùu"
k¾;k iïm%odhhka wkqj oE;a Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu jvd;a iqÿiq h' úúO;ajhla we;sjk
mßÈ fujeks wNHdi y;rla ilia lr.; yels h' lerlSu" Wv mekSu" b| .ekSu ta ta
iïm%odhhg wkqj ;d,hlg yd fnrmo jdokhg wkqj isÿ lsÍu fuhska n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fõ'
Wvrg - mdirU
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
uOH f;hs ;fk hs; f;hs f;hsh;a ;dï f;hs ;f; hs; f;hs f;hsh;a ;dï
m<uqfjka moh ;d, ;nñka lSu jeo.;a fõ' fuys § ;d, ;eîu i|yd ;d,ï mg
Ndú; l< hq;= w;r ksjerÈ j zzf;hsZZ y~ biau;= jk mßÈ ;d,ï mg jdokh l<
hq;= h' wk;=re j .=rejrhd k¾;kh lr fmkaùfuka ksjerÈ wx.ydr y÷kd f.k
wNHdi l< yels h' ^iu.=K" fo.=K hk ,hj,g wNHdi lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'&
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
$ $ $
$
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3
uOH ;df;hs h;a;d f;hsh;a ;df;hs h;a;d f;hs ;df;hs h;a;d f;hsh;a
;df;hs h;a;d f;hs
my;rg - mdirU
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
uOH f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs fodï f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs fodï
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
inr.uq - uKaä mo
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
uOH f;hs f;hs h;a fodï f;hs.; f;hs h;a fodï f;hs f;hs h;a fodï f;hs.; f;hs h;a fodï
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
uOH f;hs f;hs ;;a ;l f;hs; ;l f;hs ;l f;hs f;hs ;;a ;l f;hs ;l f;hs ;l
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
ú,ïN f; hs ; f; yd - f; yd - f; yd -
Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhh bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhka f.dv irU o ^w;a irU&
my;rg k¾;k iïm%odhh bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhka b,x.ï irU o" inr.uq k¾;k
iïm%odhh bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhka fodôk mo o wNHdi l< hq;= nj 6 fYa%Ksfha §
Tfí wjOdkhg fhduq lr we;' iïm%odh ;=kg u fmdÿ uQ,sl bßhõj jk uKaäh
ksjerÈ j mj;ajd .ksñka mdo p,kj,g m%uqL;djla ,nd fok md irU wNHdifhka miq
fnr jdokhg wkqj ú,ïn" uOH" ,h m%fNao fol u ^iu.=K" fo.=K& kgkq ,nk fuu
irU úfYaIh f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí' yia; mdo
ksjerÈ j yiqrejñka ksjerÈ wx.ydr m%o¾Ykh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'
• fnr moh ú,ïn" uOH ^iu.=K" fo.=K& ,h folg ;d, ;nd lshkak' ^fï i|yd
by; m%ia;drh Wmfhda.S lr.kak'&
• ksjerÈ bßhjq wkqj uKaähg isg fnr jdokhg wkqj irU wNHdifhys fhfokak'
• fnr moh ;d, ;nd lshkak'
• .=rejrhd fnrh jdokh lrk úg fnr mohg wkqj ;d, ;nkak'
• 3" 4 f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;d,hg wkqj wNHdi lrkak'
• oDYHdOdr fyda .=re ls%hdldrlï fyda ksÍlaIKh lrñka ksjerÈ wx.ydr idlÉPd
lrkak'
• fnr jdokhg wkqj ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka iu.=K fo.=K ,hg wNHdi
lrkak'
• 3"4 irUj,g wod< lia;srï$ brÜá$l,diï ;d, ;nd lshkak'
• wod< lia;srï$ brÜá$wNHdi lrkak'
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
fo.=K fodñ lsg lsg fodñ fodï lsg lsg fodñ fodñ lsg lsg fodñ fodñ lsg lsg fodñ
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
. ðx - ðx - ; l= o . ð ; l= ð;a - ;ï -
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
fo.=K .=ï o.= oï .;a Èï .;a ±ysï È..; .=ï o.= ox .;a Èï .;a ±ysï È;.;
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1$ 2 3 4
1 2 3 4
iu.=K fr .= | . ; l== fodï - fr .= | . ; l= fodï -
; l== fodï -
fo.=K fr.= |. ;l= fodï fr.= |. ;l= fodï fr.= |. ;l= fodï fr.= |. ;l= fodï
inr.uq - fodôk mo
;=ka jk moh ( f;hs f;hs f;hs; f;hd f;hd f;hs;
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
iu.=K f; hs f; hs f; hs ; - f; hd f; hd f; hs ; -
fo.=K f;hs f;hs f;hs ; f;hd f;hd f;hs ; f;hs f;hs f;hs ; f;hd f;hd f;hs ;
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
iu.=K f; hs . ; l= | f; hs - ; l g
f; hs . ; l= | f; hs - ; l g
f; hs . ; l= | f; hs . ; l= o
f; hs . ; l= | f; hs - ; l g
fuu wvõjg wu;r j ud;%d 2 + 2 ;ks ;s;g wod< fjk;a wvõjla jqj o fhdod
.; yels h'
wvõj ;d, ;nd lSfuka miq j .=re Wmfoiaj,g wkqj fldgia jYfhka f.k
k¾;kh lrkak'
lúh (
i;a fj;a uy;a wor ,;a hq;a iso;a l=ure
.;a is;a f;di;a meúÈ wx.d
wK lrk Pkakfhk lka:lh wiq f.fkk
f.k fhÿK wiqf. msg kex.d
ud;%d 2 + 3 fyj;a iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr moh ;d, ;nñka lshkak' miq j
jkakfï ;dku" lúh o .dhkh l< yels w;r fnr jdokh o fhdod .; yels h'
;d, rEmh ( ^ /
1 2 $1 2 3
kshñ; ;s;g brÜáh ;d, ;nñka lshkak' miq j fldgia jYfhka f.k
k¾;kh l< yels h'
1' ðx ðñ; ;;a ;lg hk ojq,a moh ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;s;g ;d, ;nñka lshkak'
;d, rEmh ( ^ /
1 2 $1 2 3
kshñ; ;s;g l,diu ;d, ;nñka lshkak' miqj fldgia jYfhka k¾;kh lr
fnr jdokh iuÕ l,diu kej; k¾;kh lrkak'
m%ia;dr lsÍu
^ ^ ^
iq¿ ueÿï fo;s; iq¿ uy fo;s; ueÿï uy fo;s;
ud;%d 2 + 3 ud;%d 2 + 4 ud;%d 3 + 4
Wod ( ^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3
inr.uq ðx - ð ñ ; ;;a - ; l g
^ $ ^ $
1 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4
inr.uq ðx - ð ñ ls g ;;a - ; ß ls g
3 + 4 ;d, rEmh
^ $ ^ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
lú m%ia;dr lsÍu
;d,ï lú
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
w f.a - j v k u f. ;d - ,ï -
y r U n ,ka - fka - - - - -
j f.a - fkd ± k we hs kQ U ,d -
lS - u g tka - fka - - - - -
l f.a - .s,a - , f, i ne ß fjhs -
kq U g fnd ,ka - fka - - - - -
u f.a - oE - ; ;d - , ï m g
y r U n ,ka - fka - - - - -
u,a hyka lú
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
mq gq j i r i ,hs - u u ie ,
l rka - fka - - - - - - - -
mq gq fj ;s fh k o ¿ nq , ;=hs -
mq oka - fka - - - - - - - -
le gq j isõ - j rka - i u .ska -
n ,ka - fka - - - - - - - -
Ys% hd - foa - ú u,a - w ia fk g
j äka - fka - - - - - - - -
^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3
lia;rs u l= | . ð ; l= | . ð ;
//
l= | . ð ; l= | ;d -
l= | . ð ; l= | ;d - //
l= | ;d - l= | ;d
l= | . ð ; l= | . ð ;
l= | . ð ; l= | ;d
^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3
fnr Èx - . ;s . ;ï - fodx - ;
moh
;dku f;ï - f; k f; kï - f; fk k
f;ï - f; k f; kï - f; fk k
f;ï - f; k f; kï - f; fk k
f; fk kd - - - - - - -
lúh ie u g u n hka - ld - r
fj ñ ks ÷ t jka - uq yq ,
n , fhka - hq o g ms ú i
t È fka - - - - - - -
k u l , ú l=ka - kE - r
m , j r i is;a - fka - l
l= , fka - - jka - i y i
k È ÿ gq ì - - - - -
od u ye r U Õ=ka - fia - -
´ | l r k jqka - iE - u
fia - fka - - rka - iq ß ÷
i r l r hs - - - - -
fm u l r ls ;s;a - fnda - u
k u / l fo hka - f,da - l
i ; fka - - jka - b iq re
ks i - - - - -
brÜáh Èx - . ;s . ;x - fodx - ;
. ; .y;s. ;ï - ;;a - ;;a - -
.= | . ;s . ;x - fodx - ;
Õ ; .ys;.
s ;x - fodx - fodx
^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3
ojq, ðx - ð ñ ; ;;a - ; l g
moh
idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav f,i y÷kajkq ,nk .eg fnrh" fofjd,a fnrh" ojq,"
;ïueÜgu" Wvelalsh" rndk iy ;d,ïmg Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq hk iïm%odhkag
wdfõKsl jQ NdKav h' by; i|yka l< NdKav w;ßka inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhfha
m%Odk jdoH NdKavh jk ojq," jdoH NdKav w;r §¾> b;sydihla we;'
mqrdKfha isg wd.ñl wjia:dj, f;ajd fyaúis jdok" fmryer i|yd fuka u
ikaksfõok ld¾hhg o ojq, Ndú; lr we;' WodyrK f,i ( fyaúis" wK fnr" u<
fnr" rK fnr oelaúh yels h' fï ieu wjia:djl u ojq,a jdokh m%Odk jk w;r
iuyr wjia:dj, ;ïueÜgu yd fydrKEj iydh jdoH NdKav f,i fhdodf.k we;'
oUfoKs wiafkys zzf,day ojq,a" ðk ojq,a" uy ojq,a '''''''' jYfhka ojq,a j¾.
lSmhla kï lr we;' ,xldfõ bmerKs ck fldgila jk jeÈ ckhd w;r mj;skafka
o ojq,g iudk jQ is,sKavrdldr fnrhls'
inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhh i|yd fhdod .kakd ojq,g iudk fnr j¾. wdishdfõ
fjk;a rgj, o fnfyúka ±lsh yels fõ' flfia fj;;a ojq, wmg wdfõKsl ixialD;shg
wkqj ilia lrf.k idod we;' ojq, iE§ug uQ,sl j .i lemSu o Y=N uqyQ¾;fhka lrk
wdldrh my; i|yka lúfhka úia;r fõ'
fï wdldrhg iqn fudfyd;ska weye<" fldfydU" fldia" ñ,a, ls;=,a wdÈ .il" jg
m%udKh wÕ,a 45 lajk l|la" È.ska wÕ,a 15l m%udKhg f.k ilia lr .efka' ta
ms<sn| ojq,a Wmf;a i|yka jkafka my; wdldrhg h'
fï whqßka ilia lr .kakd ojq,a l|g fhdok wei ilia lr .kafka yrla yï
fyda t¿ yï fyda Ndú; lrñks' t¿ yu fyda yrla yu meh 2" 3l ld,hla c,fhys
fmdÕjhs' tu iu uDÿ ;;a;ajhg m;a lr f.k" fyd¢ka weo fnr lf|ys we;s l=yrh
jefik fia ;nd m%ñ;shg wkqj wjYH wdldrhg ne| ojq, ilia lr .kS'
fufia ilia lr .kakd ojq, wka jdoH NdKavj,g jvd úfYaI;ajhla olajk
;j;a fya;=jls" tla me;a;la w;ska iy wksla me;a; WmlrKhla Ndú; lrñka jdokh
lsÍu' wfkla ish¨ u NdKav jdokhg Ys,amSkA fhdod .kafka ;u oE;a muKs' ke;fyd;a
WmlrK muKs' ojq, jdokhg fhdod .kakd WmlrKh y÷kajkafka lämamqj kñks'
tneúka mxp ;+¾h j¾.SlrKfha zzú;;d;;ZZ j¾.hg ojq, wh;a fõ' lämamqj iE§u
i|yd zweÜfÜßhdZ jeks .iaj, fldagq Wmfhda.S lr .efka' lämamqfõ rEm igykla
my; ±lafõ'
by; wdldrhg iod .kakd lämamqj w,a,k fldgi i|yd frÈ má T;kafka
jdokh lsÍfï § ,siaiSu j<lajd .ekSug h'
úl,am jdoH WmlrK f,i y÷kajkq ,nkafka bj; ,k øjH Wmfhda.S lr f.k
iq<x uÕska" oE;a yd WmlrK wdÈ foa fhdod f.k ;Ügq lsÍfuka fyda f;rmSfuka fyda
y~ Wmojd .ekSug yels wdldrhg ksmojd .;a NdKav hs'
yh fY%aKsfha § áka fnr" tlaiaf¾ fnr" .ia,nq ng k<d wdÈh ilia l< nj
u;l we;s'
ta wdldrhg iE¥ áka fnr ;=kla f.k tl áka fnrhlg j;=r 3$4 muK msrúh
yels h' wfklg j;=r 1$4 muK msrúh yels h' wfklg l=vd .,a leg 2$4 la muK
msrúh yels h'
óg wu;r j idudkH m%udKfha fmd,a lgq folla f.k t ;=<g ,S len,s folla
iú lr tu ,S lene,af,ka w,a,d fmd,a lgq fol tlg .eiSfuka o y~ Wmojd .;
yels h'
1' fi,ùfuka" ;Ügq lsÍfuka yd msöfuka jdokh l< yels úl,am jdoH WmlrK
fol ne.ska kï lrkak'
2' kï lrk ,o tla NdKavhla ilia lr jdokh lrkak'
iuQy jdokhla lrñka jdok l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd idïm%odhsl jdoH
NdKav fuka u úl,am jdoH WmlrK o Wmfhda.S lr .; yels h' fï i|yd idïm%odhsl
NdKav jk .eg fnrh" fofjd,a fnrh" ojq," ;ïueÜgu" Wvelalsh" rndk wdÈ jdoH
NdKav iQodkï lr .; yels h' fïjd tla j¾.hlska tla NdKavhla j;a ;sìh hq;= h'
tfia u 6 fY%aKsfha § fuka u 7 fYa%Ksfha § ksmojd .;a úl,am jdoH WmlrK tla
j¾.hlska fol ne.ska fyda fhdod .; hq;= h'
/ / / /
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
l= | . ; . ; fodï -
/ / / /
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
l= | g . ; g l= | g . ðx -
fuu fnr moj,g wod< Yío èjks jdok NdKavj,ska jdokh l< yels h'
fï wdldrhg fnr mo fjkqjg úl,am fnr mo fhdod .ekSu o l< yels h'
óg fmr W.;a mo weiqfrka fkdfhla wdldrhg mo jdokh isÿ l< yels w;r
f;audjla wkqj jdokh lsÍu o l< yels h'
bka miq fyaúis y~ fjkqjg áka fnr" whsialS%ï fldamamj,ska iE¥ ;ïueÜgï"
.ia,nq ngfhka ieÿï,;a k<dj wdÈh .ekSug mq¿jk'
tfia u .eñ kegqïj, § ,S tlg .eiSfuka ,S fl<s ;d, y~g o" fmd,algq tlg
.eiSfuka m;=re kegqfï y~g iudk y~la Wmojd .; yels h'
Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhfha jkakï oy wgla o my;rg iskaÿ jkakï ;sia folla
o Ndú;fha we;s w;r inr.uq iïm%odhfha jkakï ^21& úis tlla f,i ms<sf.k we;s
kuqÿ ±kg jkakï oy wgla Ndú;fha mj;S' kdñl jYfhka Wvrg yd inr.uq iuyr
jkakïj, iudk;ajhla olakg we;s w;r my;rg iskaÿ jkakï ;d, Í;Skag wkql+, j
,shù we;s nj fmfka'
fuu jkaku ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;sf;a ;d, rEmh wkqj .dhkh flf¾' tu ;d,
rEmhg wkql+, j .dhkfha kdoud,dj ieliS we;'
fmdÿfõ iskaÿ jkakïj, ±lsh yels fi;a Ydka;sh ms<sn| j wfmalaIdj NdjdÈ
;d,h iskaÿ jkakfuka ms<sìUq fõ' ud;%d 2 + 3 ;d, rEmh wkqj .dhkh flfrk fuu
iskaÿ jkaku rpkd ú we;af;a o úIaKq foúhkaf.a .=K ms<sn| j¾Kkd lsÍu i|yd h'
úIaKq foúhkaf.a ùr úl%udkaú; Ndjh úia;r lr f,dal i;a;ajhd wdrlaId lr fok
f,i kuialdr mQ¾jl j b,a,d isàu fuu lúfhka woyia fõ'
l=,a, ilia lr we;s wdldrh ta i|yd fhdod .;a wuqøjH yd l=¨ /f.k
ls%hdldrlïj, fhfok ldka;djka ms<sn| f;dr;=re fuka u l=,a, Wmfhda.S lr f.k
isÿ flfrk úúO ld¾hhka .ek o l=¨ lúj,ska lshfõ' ir, NdId ffY,shla fhdod
.ksñka l=,af,ka isÿ flfrk fuu ld¾hhka w;sYfhdala;shlska f;dr j .eñ lúhd
bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrh tu lú ms<sn| f;dr;=re úuid ne,Sfuka meyeÈ,s fõ' fuys
kdo ud,dfõ iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka l=,af,ka lrkq ,nk ls%hdldrlï ksrEmKh lsÍug
WÑ; whqßka ks¾udKh ù ;sîuhs'
YS% ,xldfõ m%p,s; .eñ .dhkd w;r ;d,ï lú ;j;a iqúfYaI fldgila f,i
ye¢kaúh yels h' k¾;k" .dhk" jdok hk ;s%;aj ls%hdj,sfha § ;d, ;eîu fyj;a
;d,h u;= fldg ±laùu ;d,ïmáka isÿ fõ' my;rg" inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh folg
u jvd ;d,h biau;= fldg ±laùu i|yd ;d,ïmg Ndú; flfrkafka Wvrg k¾;k
iïm%odhfha § h' ta wkqj ;d,ïfmdáka isÿ flfrk fuu ls%hdj,sh ;j ÿrg;a u;=
fldg ±laùu i|yd ;d,ïfmdg iïnkaO fldg f.k úúO woyia ±lafjk lú ks¾udKh
ù we;s whqre úuid n,uq' ±kg rpkd ù we;s we;eï ;d,ï lú úuid ne,Sfï § ;ukaf.a
m%;sjd§kag wNsfhda. lrk wdldrh" tys we;s iqúfYaI;ajh nj;a ir, NdId ffY,shla
fhdod .ksñka ks¾udKh lr we;s nj;a fmfka' fï wkqj Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhfha §
Ndú; l< ;d,ïmg weiqre lr .ksñka ;d,ï lú kñka lú .dhkh ks¾udKh ù we;s
neõ lsj yels h'
Wod ( wf.a jvk uf.a ;d,ï '''''''''''''''''''' ^36 msgqj n,kak&
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 33
u,ahyka lúj, iudchSh yd ixialD;sl miqìu
tfia fyhska tod .eñhd ;,u, lmd .fuka bj;g f.khdu i|yd thg f.!rj
olajñka ysi u; ;nd f.k fyda we;= msg ;ndf.k fyda /f.k .sh nj lú .dhkdj,ska
u;=lr oelafjhs'
l=¨ lú .dhkd
.=ref.or wOHdmkh ksu lrk wdOqkslhd ;u ckau m;%hg wkqj kshu lr.;a
Èkg f;uila l,ska ls,sj,ska wdrlaId ù Wfoa iji iakdkh lr msßisÿ ù wd.ñl
j;dj;aj, fh§u isß;ls' tu jljkqj ;=< .=rejrhd wdOqkslhd fj; Ys,amh ,nd§u
isÿ flf¾' kele;a Èkg wdikak Èk 7la wdOqkslhd úydria:dkfha wd.ñl j;dj;aj,
fh§ iji wod< foú foaj;djkag myka me,la ilid myka o,ajd wdYS¾jdo ,nd .kS'
kele;a Èkg m%:u Èk rd;S% yÕ< we;=¿ rx. jia;%dNrK fma lr" fndaê mQcdjg iyNd.s
fõ' kele;a Èk WoEik .=rejrhd w;ska meka fodjd .;a wdOqkslhd úydr f.g f.dia
ysi fjia me,|ùu fi;a msß;a .dhkh ueo isÿ flf¾' bka miq iqÿ frÈlfvka wdjrKh
lr úydrf.ka msg;g meñK wod< pdß;% isÿ lr fnda rel fyda u,a nq,;a;gqj fyda foi
n,d jyka;rdj újD; lr m,;=re mQcdjla ms<s.kajd .=re md keueo ux.,ï k¾;kfhka
rx.kh wdrïN lr" Ys,amSh l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs' tys§ YsIHhdg ;E.sfnda. msßkeóu
pdß;%hls'
my;rg k¾;k Ys,amh m%.=K l< wdOqkslhl= ish yelshdjka wka wh bÈßfha
m%o¾Ykh lrk iqúfYaI wjia:dj uvq neiSu fyj;a l,t<s neiSu kñka ye¢kafõ' uvq
neiSfï pdß;%h i|yd uvq hd.hla fhdod .kakd w;r l,t<s neiSu i|yd hla f;dú,hla
fhdod.ekSu mj;akd isß;ls'
uvq neiSfï§ fohdldrh; pdß;% úê olakg ,efí' wdOqkslhd lmq m;a;sks
flfkla kï uvq neiSfï§ y,x jevujd m;a;sks keàu l< hq;= w;r wjfYaI wdOqksl
Ys,amsfhla kï jdy, keàu l< hq;= h' fuu uQ,sl pdß;% úê ksu lsÍfuka miq uvq
hd.fha wfkl=;a k¾;k wjia:d i|yd wdOqkslhkag iyNd.s úh yels h' tfuka u
ud,lalï" nUr j<,a, jeks iqúfYaI olaI;d oelaùu o fuys§ isÿ flf¾'
l,t<s neiSfï § fndfydaúg hla f;dú,hla fhdod.kakd neúka ikakshl=u
we;=¿ wfkl=;a hla f;dú,aj,g wh;a k¾;k wjia:d wdOqkslhd úiska m%.=K l< hq;=
h' ish¨ u k¾;k Ys,amSka iyNd.s jk yekaoE iuhu keue;s k¾;k wjia:dfõ §
wdOqkslhdg ish olaI;d oelaùug wjia:dj ,efí' ta wkqj yekaoE iuhug wh;a
k¾;kj,g wu;r j ud,lalï" nUr j<,a, jeks iqúfYaI olaI;d o fuys § bÈßm;a
lrhs'
Wvrg yd inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhhkays fuka iqúfYaI pdß;% úê my;rg
k¾;k iïm%odhfha § olakg ke;' tfy;a wdOqkslhd k¾;khg msúfik wjia:dfõ §
muKla ;u .=rejrhdg .=re m`vqre yd ;E.s fnda. m%odkh lsÍu isß;la j mj;sk nj lsj
hq;= h'
.=re f.or wOHdmkh ksud lrk wdOqkslhd Ys,amSh m%ùk;djhg m;a jQ úg Tyq
.=re jrï §u iqÿiq hehs .=rejrhd ;SrKh lrhs' Ys,m
a {dKh ,enQ mrïmrdjg wdfõKslj
mj;ajk Ydka;s l¾uhl § .=re jrï ,nd§u iQodkï lsÍu isß;ls' tkï uvq Ydka;s l¾u
.=re mrïmrdjlg wh;a kï myka uvqfõ o" hla f;dú,a isÿ lrk mrïmrdjla kï hla
f;dú,hl § o" n,s Ydka;s l¾u isÿ lrk mrïmrdjla kï n,s Ydka;sl¾uhl § o wdÈ
jYfhks'
uvqj mj;ajk Èk iji iqN kel;g wkqj yÕ, yd fk;a;u s d,h ^ysia m<|kdj&
m<|jkq ,efí' wk;=re j mqjlau,a lsks;a;la w;g § .=rejrhd wdOqkslhddf.a ysiu;
w; ;nd .=re jrï § wdYS¾jdo lsÍu iïm%odhsl isß;hs'
wdOqkl
s hd jrï ,nk Ydka;s l¾ufha uQ,l s pdß;% isÿ lrkq ,nkafka wdOqkls hdf.a
uQ,sl;ajfhks' fuys § lú .dhkh" k¾;kh" ixjdo iy hla lú fuys ,d wka;¾.;
fõ' Ydka;s l¾uh wjidkfha .=rejrhd úiska wdOqkslhdg fi;a lrhs' wdOqkslhdf.a
foudmshka kE ys;=j;=ka Thqg wdYS¾jdo lrñka i;=g m%ldY lsÍug ;E.s fnda. o msßkeóu
isÿ lrhs'
Ydka;sl¾u hkq lsishï mqoa.,hl=f.a udkisl fyda ldhsl fyda iqN isoaêh
wruqKq fldg foúhka" hlaIhka ke;fyd;a fjk;a n,fõ. ÿre lr Ydka;shla Wfoid
mj;ajk lsishï ld¾h ixisoaêhls'
iïm%odh Ydka;sl¾uh
Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhh fldfydUd lxldßh
my;rg k¾;k iïm%odhh fofjd,a uvq Ydka;sl¾uh
inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhh myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾uh
>
w;S;fha meje;aùug fya;=j j¾;udkfha meje;aùug fya;=j
>
• m~qjia foõ rcqg jeÿKq Èúfodia • Ok" OdkH" .j" uysIdÈ Nj fNda.
ksid yg.;a frda. iqjm;a lsÍu iïm;a jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSu
• mqo a.,h kag n,mE hï
frda.dndOhka iqj lr .ekSu
• .ulg" m%foaYhlg" uq¿ rgg u
meñK we;s jHikhlska ñ§ fi;a
Ydka;shla ,nd .ekSu
• wdOHdmksl wjYH;d ^wOHhk yd
m¾fhaIK i|yd&
>
• fiarudk rcqg we;s jQ ysiroh iqj • .ug rgg fi;a Ydka;shla me;Su
lsÍu • ëjrhkag jdrlka ld,fha §
/ljrKh yd Ydka;sh me;Su
• iYS%l;ajh Wfoid
• frda. ksjdrK fi;a Ydka;h
s la f,i
• wOHdmksl wjYH;d ^wOHhkh
yd m¾fhaIK i|yd&
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 39
inr.uqj myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾uh
>
>
>
w;S;fha meje;aùug fya;=j j¾;udkfha meje;aùug fya;=j
>
>
• fiarudk rcqg we;s jQ ysiroh iqj • wïudjrekaf.a f,v f,i .eñhka
lsÍu y÷kajk frda.j,ska w;añ§u i|yd
wkjYH wdydrj,ska ñ§ m;a;sks
foaj;dúh fjkqfjka fmaù fi;a
Ydka;s lsÍu
• wdOHdmksl wjYH;d ^wOHhkh
yd m¾fhaIK i|yd&
isysfkka Èú fjila ±l ìhm;a jQ m~qjia foõ rcq n,j;a fia frda.d;=r úh'
fldfydUd lxldßfha Èú fodaIh kñka ye¢kafjkafka fuh hs' fuu Èú fodaIh ÿre
lsÍu i|yd fkdfhl=;a fi;a Ydka;s lrjk ,o kuq;a iqjhla fkd ,eìKs' wk;=re j
Yl% foafõkaøhdg fuh ie, lr isáfha h' Èúhl= isysfkka ±l ìh ùfuka yg.;a
frda.hla fyhska ujq l=fika Wmka flfkl=g ÿre l< fkdyels ksid uf,ka Wmka
flfkl= fidhd hd.h lrk f,i Wmfoia fok ,È'
fuu ld¾hh rdyq wiqf¾kaøhdg Ndr lrk ,§' rdyq wiqf¾kaøhd úIaKq foúhkaf.a
oi wj;drj,ska tlla jk Èfhka" .skafkka" wdhqOj,ska fyda yShlska fyda fkd kiakd
n, we;s W!re wj;drh ,nd fokafka kï ld¾hh Ndr .kakd nj lshd isáfha h'
wjirh ,enqKq rdyq wiqf¾kaøhd i;a uqyqfoka tf;r ù" u,h rgg f.dia rcqf.a kkaok
Whk úkdY lrkakg mgka .;s' Whk wdrlaId lrk Whka m,a,d isÿ j we;s úm; u,h
rcqg ±kaù h' rcq W!rd we,a,Su i|yd kqjr wKfnr ,jd jeÈ fiakdj /ia lr Whk jg
lf<a h' W!rd u,h rcqf.a kqjrg jeo ud<s.d ì| ÿjk úg u,h rcq" ls;aisre" i|,s÷
hk ;=kafok w;ska ÿkq yS f.k W!rd ¨yqne| ,laÈj meñKsfha h' i;a uqyqo mSkd .sh
W!rd ,laÈjg meñK yka;dk lkao wi, § .,la njg m;a úh' u,h rcq lvqfjka
fldgd úiauhg m;a jQ wjia:dfõ t;ekg meñKs ilafoõ rcq u,h rcq we;=¿ msßi fuys
f.kaùu msKsi fujeks udhdjla l< njla úia;r lf<a h' u,h rcq we;=¿ msßi m~qjia
foõ rcqf.a Èú fodia iqjm;a lsÍu msKsi wkqrdOmqrfha uyfujqkd Whfka kshñ; È.
m<, iys; uKavmhla lrjd Ydka;s l¾uh lsÍfuka wk;=re j Èú fodaIh iqjm;a úh'
&E & =8 && <
,4 &
& . !)& , 5>T.
,6 E
0 % ,5 ! N#
* 8 3!)&
0 &E!)&0,
& <& ,!3@
,4 & 2 & &0
!! U3@
! )&8
&S 3 !
5 3 &
& ! N# '
E !C,
!
& 1 ,
&2 +,&:O
"
R
• inr.uq k¾;k Ys,amshl= f,i lghq;= l< roa±,af,a fmdä uy;a;hd Ys,amSh
{dkh ,enqfõ mshdf.ks' uq,a hq.fha fuu inr.uq k¾;kh iSud ù ;snqfKa
Ydka;sl¾uj, rÕ±laùug;a" úydria:dk wdYs%; j meje;s mskalï wdÈhg;a
muKs'
1908'09'23 Èk Wm; ,nd we;s fudyq m%ùK Wvrg k¾;k Ys,amsfhls' uykqjr
mQcdmsáh uy úoHd,hfhka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,nd we;'
mshd jQ udok isßfiak .=re;=udf.ka Wvrg k¾;kh" fnr jdokh" Ñ;% Ys,amh"
uQ¾;s Ys,amh" klaI;%h wdÈh;a mkai, wdY%hfhka isxy," md,s yd ixialD; NdIdj iy
ldjHlrKh;a W.;a fu;=ud olaI l,dlrefjls'
- 1930 j¾Ifha § m%xYh n,d msg;a j .sh Tyq tys § i¾lia lKavdhulg ne£
k¾;khla bÈßm;a lr we;' c¾uksh" fn,aðhu" iaúÜi¾,ka;h" yxf.aßhdj"
b;d,sh iy tx.,ka;h jeks rgj, o ixpdrfha fhfoñka k¾;k bÈßm;a
lr we;'
wOHdmk lafIa;h
% Wfoid bgq lr we;s fiajh
-1941 cqks 01 Èk .=rejrhl= f,i uq,a u m;aùu ,nd .ksñka udj;.u uyd
úoHd,hfha Wvrg k¾;kh úIhhla f,i b.ekaùu'
- .srd.u" fmardfoKsh" fmd,af.d,a," óß.u" ksÜgUqj hk .=re wNHdi
úoHd,hj, kegqï iy ix.S; mÍlaIljrhl= f,i fiajh lsÍu'
- .srd.u .=re wNHdi úoHd,hfha kegqï yd ix.S; lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i
fiajh lsÍu'
rÑ; .%ka:
k¾;k Ys,amshl= f,i f.dañia uy;d m%isoaêhg m;a jQfha my;rg iqúfYaI
k¾;k wx. lsym s hla ksid h' kd.lkHd" .sks isis," mkaoï md,sh jeks k¾;k wx. bka
lSmhls' flda,ï kdglfha tk kd. lkHd kegqu b;d u is;a .kakdiq¨ wdldrhg
ks¾udKh lrñka fõÈldjg WÑ; f,i rx. úkHdih lf<a f.dañia uy;d h' tfia u
.sks isis, kue;s k¾;k wx.h o fõÈldjg WÑ; f,i ilia fldg bÈßm;a lsÍfï
f.!rjh o f.dañia uy;dg ysñ úh hq;= h'
ojq,a jdokh
k¾;k
my;rg k¾;k lÓldpd¾hjrhl=
iïm%odhh yd m%Odk
mÍlaIljrhl=
f,i fiajh
lsÍu
l;r.u foajd, fmryer isxy," yskaÿ" uqia,sï" wdÈjdiSka wdÈ ish¨ ckhdf.a
wd.ñl fmryerla f,i ye¢kafõ'
wruqKq
- ne;su;=kaf.a wm, Wmøj ÿre lsÍu
- foajdYS¾jdoh ,eîu yd rgg fi;ame;Su
- j¾Idj yd iYS%l;ajh ,nd .ekSug
- iajdNdúl úm;aj,ska rg fírd .ekSu
lma isgqùfuka osk 44la f.jqKq ;ek § t<fUk wudjl f.ù" mqr mE<úh Èkfha
mqi kel;ska l;r.u foajd,hfha fmryer wdrïN fõ' wei< udifha ux.,Hh
meje;afjk uq¿ ld,h ;=< u l;r.u foúhka ñksia f,djg meñK isgqjk ,o lfmys
jdih lrk njg úYajdihla mj;S' t ksid isgjk ,o lma mQcd jia;=jla f,i i,lkq
,efí'
.sks mE.Su" ìu fmr<Su" lgq .eiSu wdÈ ÿIalr ld¾hhkays kshef<kafka foúhka
fjkqfjka ±ä Nla;sh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd h'
uÕ=,a fmryer meje;afjk Èkfhys § úfYaI lejqï" lsßn;a ilia lsÍu pdß;%hla
jYfhka isÿjkakls' fuu leú,s ilia lrkqfha foajd,hfha f;ajdlrejl= jk .ïmy
úodfka h' fmryer mgka .ekSfï § zzj; ne£uZZ kï pdß;%hla fõ' j; ne£u hkq
foajdNrK f.k hk we;= msg jia;% we;sÍu h'
fyaúis jdokh fuka u" oñ< fnrh kd.iajrï wdÈ NdKav jdokh lsÍu fuu
fmryef¾ ±lsh yels h' Bg wu;r j foaYSh jdoH NdKav o Ndú; flf¾'
foúhka jevu lsÍu isÿ lrkafka uyd foajd,hfhka ,nd.;a msß;a meka foajd,hh
mqrd biSfuka yd foajd,hh ;=< ;ekam;a lsÍfuka wk;=re j h' tys § zzyfrda yrdZZ
kdofhkq;a ;+¾h jdok" >Kagd yd iSkq kdofhkq;a wjg mßirh .s.=ï fohs'
fmryer t<sh lrk mkaoïlrejka o" iqj| Èh iy u,a biskakka o" ud¾.h mú;%
lsÍu msKsi ly Èhr biskakka o" iaf;da;% iy øúv .S;sld .dhkh lrkakka o" fmryer
fomiska .uka lrkq ±lsh yels h' fuys § isxy, yd øúv ck;djf.a tluq;=lu o
fmfka' fuys Èia jkafka rc fmryerl iajrEmhls' Bg fya;=j rc fmryerl we;=<;a
jQ ieu wxYhla u fuu foajd, fmryefrys wka;¾.; j ;sîu h'
Wvrg" my;rg yd inr.uq wdÈ idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. fuka u l=¨" f.dhï"
rnka" ijrka" pdur" fõje,a" ;d,ï" ,S" lvq wdÈ úúO .eñ kegqï j,ska o isxy kegqu"
fmryefrys olakg ,efnk k¾;k wx. fmryefrys olakg ,efnk jdok NdKav
fmryefrys olakg ,efnk ieris,s wx. Nla;sh oekùu i|yd lrk ld¾h
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
øúv ixialD;sh yd ne¢ k¾;k wx. øúv ixialD;sh yd ne¢ jdoH NdKav
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lr.ï kegqu
bkaÈhdfõ .eñ kegqï w;ßka iqúfYaI jQ .eñ kegquls' ;ñ,akdvq m%dka;h uQ,sl
lr f.k fuys wdrïNh isÿ jQ w;r ;dkacdjQ¾ m%foaYfha wd.ñl mqo mQcd wjia:djkays
§ olakg ,efí'
iunr;dj ;nd .ksñka k¾;kh lsÍu fuys úfYaI;ajhls' ta i|yd l<hla ysi
u; ;nd f.k ir, p,k Ndú;hg .kshs' .eyekq msßñ fomlaIh u fï i|yd iyNd.s
ùu isÿ fõ' ;ks ;ks j yd hq., jYfhka k¾;kfha fhfo;s' f,dayj,ska fyda
ueáj,ska fyda ilia lrk ,o l<h úúO j¾Kfhka hq;a u,a j¾.j,ska irikq ,efí'
Wod ( r;=" iqÿ" ly u,a jeä jYfhka w,xldrh i|yd fhdod .efka'
l<h uqÿfka lvodisj,ska ilia lrk ,o .srjl= f.a wdlD;shla ±lsh yels h'
tu .srjd lerflk wdldrhg l<h ysi uqÿfka ;nd .efka'
iunr;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd l<h we;=<g iy,a oukq ,efí' u,aj,ska
irik ,o l<fha ljdldr nj biau;= lsÍug nïnq ,Shla l<h ;=<g isria w;g oud th
jgd u,a je,aj,ska w,xldr lr k¾;kfha pu;aldr nj jeä lr .efka'
fnr j¾. yd k<d j¾. ix.S;h i|yd fhdod .kakd w;r ffkhä fï,ï
ix.S;h fuys § iqúfYaI fõ' we;eï úg .dhkh i|yd .S; o fhdod .efka'
rx. jia;%dNrK
- imhd .;a .dhkh yd jdoH LKav Y%jKh lr tys ;d,h ms<sn| is;kak'
- fuu k¾;kh i|yd fhdod .kakd p,k øúv wdNdihla f.k we;s nj
is;g .kak'
- rx. NdKavhla iunr lr .ksñka k¾;kh l< yels ir, p,k ks¾udKh
lr .kak'
- wjYH wjia:dj, § .=re Wmfoia ,nd .; yels h'
- ir, rgdj,g wkqj ksudjla we;s k¾;k wx.hla ks¾udKh lr .kak'
- ;ks ;ks j fyda lKavdhï jYfhka fyda k¾;k wx.h mka;s ldurh ;=<
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
- fuu k¾;k wx.h mqyqKqùfuka Tnf.a isref¾ iunr;dj" bjiSfï
.=Kh" ord .ekSfï yelshdj hkd § .=Kdx. j¾Okh lr .ekSug yels h'
rduidka W;aijh
WoEik ysre Wodj;a iuÕ m%:u hd{dfjka wdrïN lrk Wmjdih ysre nei .sh
miq ksud fldg wdydr ms<sfh< lrf.k ojfia tl u wdydr fõ, wkqNj lsÍu
fkdaïì wjika jQ miq isxy, w¨;a wjqreÿ pdß;% fuka keoE ys;j;=kf
a .a ksfjiaj,g
hdu o isÿ lrkq ,efí' fï wkqj bia,dï ne;su;=kaf.a iuÕsh j¾Okh ùu;a" wd.ñl
jYfhka" cd;sl jYfhka tla ù ÈhqKqj i|yd;a zzrduidka W;aijhZZ foúhka jykafiaf.ka
Tjqkg ,enqK ienE wdo¾Yhla f,i i,l;s'
.S;hl iqúfYaI;d
fuh kQ¾;s .S;hls' fjiaika;r yd ukaøS foaúhf.a újdyh f;aud lr.;a .S;hls'
fuu .S;h we;=<;a ù we;af;a fjiaika;r cd;l l:dj weiqfrka kS;s{ fcdaka
o is,ajd iQÍka úiska rpkd lrk ,o fjiaika;r kQ¾;s kdgHfha h'
ir, mo rpkfhka fuka u .S ;kq ir, núka o hq;a fï .S;h we;=<;a jkafka
Ñ;%mg ix.S;fha ikaêia:dkhla f,i ie,flk 1956 ksIamdokh jQ zf¾LdjZ kï
Ñ;%máfha h'
ld¾h m;s%ld
1' fuu .S; Y%jKh lsÍfï § Tn is;g ±kqKq woyia folla ,shkak'
1'
2'
4' .S;hg wkqj zzf,dj u wjÈ fjñka wuq;= mKla ,nkafkaZZ l=uk fya;=
ksid o@
1'
2'
3'
5' fjiaika;r kQ¾;s kdgHh rpkd lrk ,oafoa l=uk cd;sl l:dj weiqre lr
.ksñka o@
6' hd lrkak'
1' fjila lel=¿ .S; .dhkh u¾i,Ska chfldä msh;=ud
2' fjiaika;r kdgH bkaødKs úfÊnKavdr uy;añh
3' .S; rplfhls fjiaika;r l=ure ukaøs l=uß
4' pß; folls kS;s{ fcdaka o is,ajd uy;d
fïjd b;d myiqfjka ir, j ks¾udKh l< yels ks¾udK neúka my; i|yka
rEm igyka wdOdrlhla f,i Ndú; fldg ks¾udKh lrkak'
wjYH øjH (
f.dma fld<
fïrE úh<s fld< ^fmd,a fld<&
flfi,a fldg lene,a,la
brgq
msyshla
• 1 rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg f.dma fld< iy fmd,a fld< lmkak'
• lmd.;a f.dma fld< iy fmd,a fld< wxl ^2& rEmfha oelafjk mrsos os.
yer .kak'
• ta wkqj f.dma fld< iy fmd,a fld< wjYH m%udKhg lmd È. yßkak'
• f.dma fld<j,ska iy fmd,a fld<j,ska wjYH m%udKhg fld<
lmd .kak'
• flfi,a fldg lene,a,la ^w`.,a 5la Wig ilia lr .kak'&
• lmd .kakd ,o fld< wxl 3 rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ flfi,a fldg
lene,af,a Wv uqyqKf;ys brgq ;=fvka r|jkak'