Vishaya Nirdeshaya

k¾;kh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
10 fYa%Ksh
^2015 isg ls%hd;aul flf¾'&
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
YS% ,xldj
fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úµq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk
i
10 fYa%Ksh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
m%:u uqøKh 2015
C cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
ISBN : .....................................
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
YS% ,xldj
fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úµq;a ;emE, ( info@nie.lk
uqøKh (
uqøKd,h
i
wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh
cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh
lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys; j tjlg mej;s wka;¾.;h mokï jq wOHdmkh fjkqjg j¾I wglska
hq;= pl%hlska iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr" j¾I 2007 § YS% ,xldfõ
oaú;SSshsl wOHdmk fCIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,os'
kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2015 j¾Ifha § yh jk iy oy jk fYa%Ks i|yd y÷kajd

§u l< hq;= j ;sfí' fï i|yd m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jq lreKq o wOHdmkh ms<sn| j wjOdkh
fhduq lrk úúO md¾Yjhkaf.a fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k úIh ks¾foaY ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï
ls%hdj,shla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska y÷kajd fokq ,eîh'
fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgï" mokï uÜgfï isg
Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dv ke.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria ixl,kh
Ndú; lrk ,os' úúO úIhhkays § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;aùu yels;dla wju lsÍu"
jeä nr megùï j,ska hqla; úIh wka;¾.;hka wvq lsÍu" iy ls%hd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re
úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh Ndú; lr we;'
.=re Nj;=ka i|yd mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" b.ekaùu" ls%hdldrlï lrf.k hEu" uekSï yd
we.hSï hkd § wxYhka i|yd wjYH jkakd jQ ud¾f.damfoaYhka ,nd§fï wruqKska fuu kj .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYh y÷kajd § we;' mx;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug
fuu ud¾f.damfoaYhka Wmldr jkq we;' isiqkaf.a ksmqK;djka j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul
fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí' tfuka u
ks¾foaY;
s mdG .%k:a j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<n
s | j jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj,
wka;¾.; fkdfõ' tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iu. iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'
;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd w¨;ska ixj¾Okh lr we;s

mdG .%ka:j, uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka isiq flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla
yd jvd;a ls%hdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg fjkiaùu u.ska jev f,dalhg wjYH jkakd
jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh lsÍuh'
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h lghq;=
uKav,h o wdh;kfha iNdj o kka whqßka odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhka yd wksl=;a
md¾Yjhkaf.a buy;a lemùu we.ehSug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ'
wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
iii
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ysñf.a mKsúvh
bf.kqu" mq¿,a lafIa;%hl úyso hkakls' th Ôú; w;suy;a njg o" b;d u ir, njg o
m;alrhs' ukqIHhd bf.kqï l=i,;dfjka W;alDIag h' udkj iudc ixj¾Okh flakaø fldg .;a
rgla" iudchla nqoaêh úiska y`ÿkd.;a wiïu;hka neyer lsÍug o iqNdú;hka ;=<ska kj f,djla
ks¾udKh lr .ekSug o fuj,u lr.kq ,nkafka bf.kquhs'
bf.kqu iòyd jákd hula o" bf.kqï l%ufõohka yd myiqlï o wOHdmkh jgd ks¾udKh
úh hq;= h' úIh ud,dj" úIh ks¾foaY" ud¾f.damfoaY" iqidOHlrejka bf.kqï lafIa;%hg tlajkqfha
fï wdldrfhks'
kQ;k Y%S ,xldj f.da,Sh m%jK;djka fuka u mqrd;k Wreuhka o iïñY%Kh lr .ksñka
iaùh wOHdmk rgdjla ysñ lrf.k we;' ld,Sk wjYH;d u; m%;sixialrKhka ;=<ska jir wglg
jrla hdj;ald,Sk jk úIh ud,dfõ bf.kqï iïm;la f,i fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ks¾udKh fõ'
úIhfhys wruq K q j , ix.;;dj cd;s l uÜgñka mj;a j d.; hq ; = h' tfy;a .= r e

ud¾f.damfoaYhkays bf.kqï l%ufõohka" wl=rlaj;a fjkia fkdfldg ms<smeÈh hq;a;la kï fkdfõ'
úIh ks¾foaYfhys ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" idOkh ùu iòyd úIh wka;¾.;h ;=<ska bf.kqï m,
iïm%dma;sh msKsi bf.kqï l%ufõo ks¾udKYS,S j fjkialr .ekSug iqidOHlrejkag meyeÈ,sj u
bvla we;s nj iòyka lrñ' YsIH idOk m%;sY;h by< uÜgulg .ekSu iòyd Woõ jk" myiqlï
i,ik .=re N+ñldjg lsishï m%fõYhla iòyd ks¾udKh jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaY YslaIlhdyg o
fo.=rekg o Ndú; l< yel' wod< fm< fmd;g iylrejl= jk .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;j;a fm<
fmd;la fkdjk nj oek .=reNj;=ka .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ
iïmdÈ; wod< fm< fmd; hk iïm;a øjH fol u Ndú; l< hq;= h'
ta ta úIhhkays idOkh ms<snò we.ehSï isÿlrk cd;sl uÜgfï mÍlaIljrfhl= jqj o

wfmalaId lrk idOkhka" úIh b.ekaùug u. fmkajk iqidOHlrejka úiska mdvu wjidkfhys
mka;s ldurfha § orejka iu. m%;HlaIlrKhg m;aúh hq;= h' tu tald;añl ùu iòyd jQ
m%fndaOd;aul ixialD;shla f.dvk.d .ekSug .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh myqrla" hd;%djla lr.kq we;ehs
wdhdpkd mQ¾jl j wfmalaId lrñ'
mSGdêm;s" ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a

NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
iv
úIhud,d lñgqj
WmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh - Ydia;S%h lghq;= uKav,h

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
úIh iïnkaëlrKh - nqoaê l,HdKs uq;=l=udrK - lÓldpd¾h,

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j,
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh.
f,aLl uKav,h
wNHka;r - tia.j¾Kisxy uy;d - fcHIaG l:sldpd¾h,
- nqoaê l,HdKs uq;=l=udrK uy;añh - lÓldpd¾h,
- î.tï.tia.o fidhsid uy;añh - lÓldpd¾h,
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j,
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh.
ndysr - .=Kfiak rdcmlaI uy;d - fcH' lÓldpd¾h ^úY%dñl&,

- fla.isß,a ó.u uy;d-fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h ^úY%dñl&,
.=re wNHdi úÿy," .srd.u'
- chka;d fyÜáhj;a;
iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI,
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" fydaud.u.
- fla.iqika; .=Kj¾Ok uy;d,
iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI,
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" ms<su;,dj.
- ã.mS.jhs ksu,a l=udr uy;d - lÓldpd¾h,
.=re úÿy," uyr.u.
- î.iqð;a uy;d - .=re WmfoaYl"
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" yïnkaf;dg'
- tï.fyajdú;drK uy;añh - .=re fiajh,
nm$ch$úoHdlr nd,sld úÿy," uyr.u.
- tï.tï.tia.mS.fla.udrisxy uy;añh - .=re fiajh,
nm$fyda$ rdcisxy uy úoHd,h" yxje,a,.
- wd¾.mS.ta.tia.ch,;a uy;añh - .=re fiajh,
uy$mqIamodk uy úÿy," uykqjr
- fÊ. ù. tia. mqiaifj, uy;d - .=refiajh,
om$.d$ ´,alÜ uy úÿy," .d,a,.
- ta.ví.ìhxld tï.wfíisxy uy;añh - .=re fiajh,
nm$ch$O¾umd, úÿy," mkaksmsáh.
- tï'tï' iuka; úfÊisß uy;d - .=re fiajh,
om$udr$Èlaje,a, W;=r uy úÿy," ud;r'
- tÉ.t,a.iukal=udr uy;d - .=refiajh,
om$.d$YS% foajdkkao uy úÿy,"
mkshk" wïn,kaf.dv.
- fkdfh,a jika; ú;dkf.a uy;d - .=re fiajh,
nm$ch$ O¾umd, úÿy," mkaksmsáh
v
úIh ixialdrl uKav,h - fcHIaG uydpd¾h uqÈhkafia Èidkdhl uy;d
uydpd¾h ,hk,a fnka;rf.a uy;d
uydpd¾h wdßhr;ak l¨wdrÉÑ uy;d
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h úl%uisxy nKavdr uy;d
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h wfidald Èidkdhl uy;añh
wdpd¾h Ys%hdks rdcmlaI uy;añh
fi!kao¾h l,d úYajúoHd,h" fld<U 07'
NdId ixialrKh - wdpd¾h udÿreTfha Oïñiair ysñ

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h"
.ïmy úl%udrÉÑ wdhq¾fõo úoHdh;kh"
le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h" hlal,'
tia'´' m%kdkaÿ uy;d - wOHlaI ^úY%dñl&
B'wd¾' ksu,a fma%ul=udr uy;d
isxy, NdId fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
vi
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mrsYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia
ffoksl cSú;h id¾:l j mj;ajd .ekSu yd hym;a iudchla f.dvkexùug w;HjYH

ks m q K ;d mdol fldgf.k" mdi,a k¾;k wOHdmkh u.s k a tlS ks m q K ;d ixj¾Okhg
ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh iemhSug fuu ud¾f.damfoaYh ilia lr we;' k¾;k úIh Ndr j lghq;=
lrk .=re Nj;=ka fuu w;afmd; mßYS,kfha §;a mx;s ldur bf.kqï$b.ekaùï ls%hdldrlï bÈßm;a
lsÍfï §;a ,nk iajlSh w;a±lSï o ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= fõ'
10 fY%aKsh k¾;k úIh ks¾foaYh ksmqK;d 08 lska iukaú; h' Bg wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï
24 la hgf;a l%shdldrlï 29 la fm< .iajd we;' ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï yd ine¢ ls%hdldrlïj,
wka;¾.; úIh ikaOdrfhka ,nk ±kqñka muKla fmdaIs; j úNd.j,ska by< idu¾:h ,nd.;a;
o hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍug th m%udKj;a fkdfõ' ±kqu" l=i,;d yd wdl,am ixj¾Okfhka ysi"
yoj; yd oE;a o fmdaIKh l< hq;= fõ' tlS fmdaIKfhka ;ud o iudch o hym;a udj;la lrd
fhduq lrùug .e<fmk Ôú;h kxjd,Su woH;k hq.fha m%n, iudc wjYH;djls'
Wla; lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ksñka fuu ud¾f.damfoaYfhys ls%hdldrlï ir, j fm<.iajd

we;s w;r úIh wka;¾.;h olajd we;af;a ixlaIsma; jYfhks' ls%hdldrlï ie,iqu i|yd § we;s
Wmfoiaj, mshjr 01 i|yd m%fndaOd;aul wdrïNhla ,nd§ug jvd;a iqÿiq ld¾hlaIu yd ks¾udKYS,S
bf.kqï m%fõY Ndú; l< yels h' k¾;k úIh bf.kqï l%uYs,am úúO h' tfuka u iqúfYaI h'
ls%hdldrlu yd YsIH YlH;d y÷kd.ksñka wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M, lrd <Õd ùug yels jvd;a M,odhS
bf.kqï l%u f;dard .ekSug wjldY we;'
m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d ixj¾Okfha § jvd;a iqÿiq ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSug .=rejrhd

ueÈy;alrejl= úh hq;= h' lKavdhï ls%hdldrlïj, § ukd wdl,am fuka u iuQyhla jYfhka Ôj;a
ùfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= Ôjk mqreÿ ms<sn| w;a±lSï ,nd .; yels wdldrhg ls%hdldrlï ie,iqï
l< hq;= fõ' mx;sfha isák YsIH ixLHdj wkqj lKavdhï l< hq;= h' ls%hdldrlï i|yd YsIHhka
imhd f.k wd hq;= rx. WmlrK yd øjH we;akï ta nj l,ska ±kqï §u w;HjYH fõ' .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYfhys tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgïj, ls%hdldrlï i|yd fjka lr we;s ld,h jvd;a
M,odhS f,i Ndú; l< yels w;r" wOHdmk úoHd;aul mokñka olajd we;s jdr igyka ls%hd;aul
lsÍfuka iuia; we.ehSï ls%hdj,sh ;=< ix.; nj wdrlaId fõ'
`mdvu ixj¾Okhg wod< lr .; yels bf.kqï$b.ekaùï WmlrK .=Kd;aul fhojqï f,i

bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r fjk;a iqÿiq fN!;sl yd udkj iïm;a ie,iqï iy.; j Ndú; lsÍu wfmalaId
flf¾' iEu ls%hdldrlula u úfkdaoh" l=;=y,h" w¿;a w;a±lSï yd m%dfhda.sl ùu jeo.;a fõ'
ls%hdldrlï i|yd wjYH mska;+r" j.=" oDYH yd Y%jHmg" m%Yakdj,s yd mejreï iQodkï lr .; hq;=
fõ'
ksmqK;d mdol wOHdmkfha § YsIH ld¾hhka m%n, ia:dkhla .kakd w;r mx;sfha iEu
<uhl= u ta ta ksmqK;dj iïnkaO j wdikak m%ùK;djg f.k taug .=rejrhd iïm;a odhlhl= fõ'
wfmalaIs; bf.kqï m, idlaId;alrKh yd isiqkaf.a m%ùK;d uÜgï ms<sn| j .=re isiq fomlaIh u
±kqj;a úh hq;= h' we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrK Wmfoia hgf;a bf.kqï m, b,lal fldg .ksñka iEu
ls%hdldrlula wjidkfha § fyda iqÿiq wjia:dj, § we.hSug ,la lsÍug wjYH m%Yak i|yka lr we;'
ta i|yd iqÿiq we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ilia lr.ekSu bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha iqúfYaI wx.hls'
we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrK ls%hdj,sh ksu lr isiqkaf.a ±kqu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd m%;sfmdaIK yd bÈß
fmdaIK lghq;= ie,iqï lsÍfï Wla; .=re ld¾hNdrh weiqre fldg.;a kQ;k .=re N+ñldj" mßKduk
.=re N+ñldj ^Transformation Role& f,i kï lr ;sfí'
ks¾udKYS,S .=rejrhl= f,i ls%hdldrlï ie,iqï lr.ekSu i|yd ir, u. fmkaùula f,i
bÈßm;a lr we;s fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh bf.kqï b.ekaùï yd we.hSfï ld¾hh id¾:l lr
.ekSug ukd msájy,la fõjd hs m;uq'
vii
mgqk
msgqj
wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iii
ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iv
úIhud,d lñgqj v
.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh i|yd Wmfoia vii
úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h ix
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1 - 50
úúO iydh 51
viii
úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h
ix
úIh ye¢ka ù u
wfma ud;DN+ñhg;a" ixialD;shg;a" fidndoyu yd iuia; Ôj" wÔj úYaj Od;=jg;a ys;ldó
mqrjeishl= ks¾udKh lsÍfï mq¿,a cd;sl mrud¾:fhka mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< orejkag bf.kSug
,efnk iqúfYaI;u úIhh fi!kao¾h úIhhs' th cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha fi!kao¾h
wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j f,i wm úiska y÷kd.kakd ,o my; ±lafjk fi!kao¾h úIhfha
cd;sl oelau lsheùfuka Tng uekúka wjfndaO jkq we;'
fi!kao¾hfhka ixialD;sluh ,eoshd mqnqÿjd" tu.ska ks¾udKYS,S nj" ixfõ§;dj" ord .ekSu"
YS% ,dxflah wkkH;dj yd foaYdkqrd.h jvjd ud;D N+ñh flfrys ixfõ§ jQ ore le,la yd iudchla
ìys lsÍu'
(“To sensitize students and the community through aesthetics to the Mother Land, endowed with
culturalpride,creativity,sensitivity, tolerance, partriotism and a sense of national identity”)
foaYh f.dvkexùfï § úYajh iu. hy in|;d mj;ajd .ksñka fmrg hk wkd.;

mqrjeishd flfia úh hq;= o hkak .eUqßka úuid ne,Su;a iu. fuf;la mej;s fi!kao¾h úIhfha
cd;sl oelau w;sl%uKh fldg fuu 2015 kj wOHdmk m%;sixialrKh foi kjuq oDIaáhla fy<d
we;s nj tkhska u Tng meyeÈ,s jkq we;'
Wiia ri{;d {dkhlska hq;= udkj ys;jd§ Ñka;kfhys fyì lsh

% dYS,S iudcdkqfhda.S mqrjeishl=
f,i jev f,dalhg msúiSug fi!kao¾h wOHdmkfhka ,nk wdOHd;añl yd YdÍßl m%fndaOh bjy,a
lr.ekSu woH;k iudc wjYH;djls'
fi!kao¾h wOHdmkfhka orejl= ;=< fid÷re fuka u ks¾udKYS,S yelshdjka yd Ñ;a;kh

m%j¾Okh lsÍu o úkh .rel" iodpdrj;a wNsudkj;a mqrjeishl= ;ekSfï j.lSu bgq lsÍu o
fojeks jkafka wd.fuka ñksidg ie,fik fiajdjg muKs'
tneúka úoHd" .Ks;" jdKsc" ;dlaIK yd NdId úIhhkaf.ka {dkkh jk ñksia

i;a;ajhdg ñksia .=K Wreu lrfok fi!kao¾h wOHdmksl úIhhka bf.kSu todg;a jvd wog
iy fygg w;HjYH u neõ ;rfha u lsj hq;= j we;'
fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh;a iu. wNskjfhka 6 fY%aKshg meñfKk orejkaa kjuq

Ñka;khla we;s w¿;a mrmqrla f,i ;ekqu Wfoid m<uq ls%hdldrlñka u iajhx fm,Uùula we;s
jk mßÈ leue;a; yd úYajdih .=rejrhd úiska Èkd .; hq;= h' ta i|yd áfnÜ cd;sl tia' uyskao
ysñhka w;ska úrÑ; —m%d¾:kdj˜ kï jQ l=vd <ud .Shla orejdf.a Ôjk m%;s{djla f,i Èkm;d mdvu
werUqug fmr .ehqug wms fhdackd lruq'
i i i - i i i - ß ß ß - ß ß ß -
fyd | foa s ys ; ó s ys ;= foa s ls h ó s
i ßi ß i i ß - ß i ß i i i i -
ls hq foa s l r ó s l r ñ ka ye fo ó s
fuu m%fõYh;a iu. werfUk fi!kao¾hfha úkaokd;aul bf.kqu cd;sl" ixialD;sl wkkH;d
yd úúO iïm%odhhka iam¾Y lrñka úYaj Ñka;khla lrd orejdf.a ±kqu" yelshd yd wdl,am mq¿,a
lr.ekSug yels jk mßÈ úIh lreKq fuys § wOHdmksl yd ufkda úoHd;aul mokñka hq;= j
l%ñl j fm< .iajd we;'
x
tys § kdhl;ajh" iyNd.s;ajh" bÈßm;a ùu" iqyo;ajh" iduQysl;ajh" we.ehSu" ijka§u"
ms<s.ekSu" fnodyod .ekSu" wkHhkag .re lsÍu wd§ wdl,am iEu isiqjl= ;=< u j¾Okhg wjia:dj
ie,fik mßÈ wm úiska fhdað; ls%hdldrlï ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lrñka bf.kqï b.ekaùï
mßirh ilid .ekSug .=rejrhd jYfhka Tng o bvlv we;'
;jo ffoksl Ôú;fha § uqyqK fok úúO .eg¨j,g id¾:l j uqyqK § ;¾ldkql+, j yd
ks¾udKd;aul j Ñka;kh fufyhjd tajd úi|d.ekSug wjYH mqoa., YlH;d j¾Okh lsÍug o wm
úiska j;auka mrmqrg odhl;ajh iemhsh hq;= j we;'
tneúka .=re Nj;=ka f,i Tn fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh fmrg jvd fyd¢ka mßYS,kh
lrkafka kï Tnf.a o Ñ;a;khg w¨;a wdf,dalhla yd m%fndaOhla ,efnkq we;' ta wdf,dal lsrK
cd;sfha ore le, u; m;s; j Tjqka o buy;a m%fndaOfhka fuu úIhh bf.kSug fhduq jkq fkd
wkqudk h'
tfia u ldhsl yd udkisl iunr;dfjka fyì fi!LH iïmkak fuka u kSfrda.S Èúfmj;la
.; lsÍug wjYH mqoa., YlH;d ixj¾Okh lsÍu yd hym;a wka;¾ mqoa., iïnkaO;d f.dvkxjd
.ksñka cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r ;,fha fkdie,S lghq;= lsÍug úpdrYS,S ukilska fyì mqoa.,hl=
ìys lsÍug j.ùu fi!kao¾h wOHdmk úIh Ndr j lghq;= lrk Tn wm ieuf.a j.lSu fõ'
ta i|yd 2015 jif¾ isg 6 fY%aKsfhka werö l%shd;aul jk fuu kj m%;sixialrKh orejka
yryd wms ieu kjuq f,djlg msúiSfï jeo.;a wjia:djla f,i olsñka wêIaGdkfhka jvd;a
M,odhs fiajdjla ie,iSug lem fjuq'
wOHlaI ^fi!kao¾h&
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
xi
cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh i|yd wruqKq
cd;sl wruqKq
ffoksl cSú;h iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd <Õdùu i|yd mqoa.,hkag iy
lKavdhïj,g cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;sh iydh úh hq;= h' jir .Kkdjla uq¿,af,a YS% ,xldfõ
m%Odk wOHdmk jd¾;d iy f,aLk u.ska mqoa., yd cd;sl wjYH;djka imqrd,Su i|yd wruqKq kshu
lrkq ,eî h' iuld,Sk wOHdmk jHQyhka yd ls%hdj,Ska ;=< ±lsh yels ÿ¾j,;d ksid OrKSh udkj
ixj¾Ok ixl,am rduqj we;=<; wOHdmkh ;=<ska <Õd lr.; hq;= my; ±lafjk wruqKq cd;sl
wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska y÷kdf.k we;' fuu wruqKq imqrd .ekSu wOHdmk moaO;sh i|yd
jQ ;u bÈß ±lau f,ig cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska m%;HlaI fldg f.k we;'
1' udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍfï ixla,mh u; msysgd YS% ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl
úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka" cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl iDcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu
y iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dvke.Su iy ,dxflah wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu'
2' fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkg m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye.s odhdohka
y÷kd.ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu'
3' udkj whs;sjdislïj,g .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<sn| ±kqj;a ùu" yDohx.u ne£ulska hq;=
j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx. j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj
iïu;hka iy m%cd;dka;s%l Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udKh lsÍu iy mj;ajdf.k
hdug iydh ùu'
4' mqoa.,hkaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr
Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu'
5' iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i|yd ks¾udK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh" úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh"
j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=¿ fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
6' mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh jeä ÈhqKq flfrk iy YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd
odhl jk M,odhS ld¾hhka i|yd wOHdmkh ;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
7' iS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiSug yd tajd md,kh
lr.ekSug mqoa.,hka iQodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK
§fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'
8' cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjKSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr.ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh" iudk;ajh iy
wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d" fmdaIKh lsÍu'
xii
uQ,sl ksmqK;d
wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; ±lafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i|yka cd;sl wruqKq
uqÿkam;a lr.ekSug odhl jkq we;'
1' ikakf
s õok ksmK
q ;d (
idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| ±kqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh hk wkq
ldKav 4la u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'
idlaIr;dj ( idjOdk j weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l:d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu i|yd
lshùu" ksjerÈ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu" M,dohS whqßka woyia yqjudre
lr.ekSu
ixLHd ms<sn| ±kqu ( NdKav" wjldYh iy ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï i|yd
l%udkql+, b,lalï Ndú;h
rEml Ndú;h ( f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s yd
j¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu'
f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh ( mß.Kl ±kqu iy bf.kSfï § o" fiajd mßY%hka ;=< § o"
fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
Wmfhda.S lr.ekSu'
2' fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d (

• ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;sh" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu"
úpdrYS,S yd ú.%yd;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï yeÕSfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r in|;d"
kj fidhd.ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d
• iDcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu jeks w.hka
• Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh
3' mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d (

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhkag wod< fõ'
iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhka

ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK hqla;sh ms<sn|
yeÕSu" iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl
iïm%odhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne£ï'
ffcj mßirh ( iÔù f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .ia je,a" jkdka;r" uqyqÿ"
c,h" jd;h iy Ôj - Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQ
wjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d
fN!;sl mßirh ( wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg tajdfha
we;s iïnkaO;d" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iem myiqj" Yajikh"
kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u< neyer lsÍu hkdÈh yd
iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj b.ekSu" jev lsÍu
iy Ôj;aùu i|yd fuj,ï yd ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d
fuys wvx.= fõ'
xiii
4' jev f,dalhg iQodkï ùfï ksmqK;d (
wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu' ;u jD;a;hS ,eÈhd iy wNsfhda.H;d y÷kd.ekSu' yelshdjkag
iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu hk
yelshdjka Wmß u lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d'
5' wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d (

mqoa.,hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdr O¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, j yeisÍï
rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i|yd w.hka Wlyd
.ekSu yd iaùhlrKh'
6' lS%vdj yd úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d (

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" lSv
% d yd u,, lSv
% d" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aul
Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;a±lSï'
7' bf.kSug bf.kqï ms<sn| ksmqK;d (

iS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k ls%hdj,shla
yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr ±laùu;a iajdëk j
b.ekaùu;a i|yd mqoa.,hkag Yla;sh ,nd §u'
^by; cd;sl wruqKq yd uq,sl ksmqK;d YS% ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmkh ms<sn| m%;sm;a;s
rduqjla i|yd fhdackd we;=<;a cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ 2003 foieïn¾ jd¾;dfjka Wmqgd
.eksK'&
xiv
k¾;k úIhfha wruqKq
• mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;a±lSï weiqre lr.ksñka Wiia ksudjlska hq;a l,d lD;s ìys
lsÍu fuka u Ôú;fha § uqyqKmdk úúO .eg¨ ks¾udKYS,S j úi|d .ekSu i|yd wjYH
Ñka;kh yd ks¾udK l=i,;d m%j¾Okh lsÍu'
• k¾;k úIh yd ne¢ ls%hdldrlï u.ska wkd.; jev f,dalhg uqyqK Èh yels ls%hdldß;ajh
fuka u iudcfhys Wiia Ôjk ;;a;ajhla f.dv kÕd.ekSu i|yd wjYH idudÔh yd
fm!oa.,sl YlH;d j¾Okh lsÍu'
• ikaksfõok udOH Tiafia m%pdrh lrk jevigyka w;ßka yrj;a yd fhda.H jevigyka
f;dard .ekSu i|yd wjYH úpdr Yla;s j¾Okh" ri{;d j¾Okh yd ksjerÈ ;SrK .ekSfï
yelshdj ,nd §u'
• foaYSh" úfoaYSh k¾;k yd ine¢ ixialD;sl ,laIK wOHhkh u.ska úúO ixialD;s w.h
lsÍu fuka u cd;Hka;r iudcfha § foaYSh wkkH;dj wdrlaId jk mßÈ lghq;= lsÍu i|yd
wjYH Wodr yeÕSï" wdl,am ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
• k¾;k úIh yd ne¢ ixialD;sl miqìu yd fiiq ixialD;s i;= yrhka y÷kd.ksñka mqoa.,
wNsudkhg .re lrk udkj iïm;a m%j¾Okh lsÍu'
• id¾:l Èú fmfj;la .; lsÍug wjYH ldhsl yd udkisl iqj iïm;a j¾Okh i|yd k¾;k
úIh yd ine¢ ls%hdldrlï Ndú;hg .ekSfï yelshdj ixj¾Okh lsÍu'
xv
10 fYa%Ksh - k¾;k úIh ks¾foaYh
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo
1'0 mßir ksÍlaIKfhka 1'1 m%foaYfha mj;akd jD;a;Ska • ëjr$ueá$m;,a$f;a$ m%foaYfha mj;akd jD;a;Ska
05
f;aud lr.ksñka k¾;k fldyq$lDIs jeks jD;a;sj, y÷kdf.k k¾;k
,nk w;aoelSï ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrhs'
ks¾udK lrhs'
weiqre lr.ksñka olakg ,efnk p,k
k¾;k ks¾udK weiqfrka k¾;k
lrhs' ks¾udKh ^tla jD;a;shla

weiqfrka&
xvi
1'2 .eñ kegqï yd ine|s • rnka $pdur kegqu yd rnka$pdur k¾;k 05

iqúfYaI ,laIK wx.hkays iqúfYaI
ine|s iqúfYaI ,laIK ,laIK y÷kd.ksñka
y÷kd.ksñka k¾;k iuQyhla f,i k¾;k
y÷kd.ksñka k¾;k
ks¾udK lrhs' wx.hla ks¾udKh lrhs'
ks¾udKh
1'3 Ndj m%ldY jk mßÈ • Ndj m%ldYkh- úiauh úiauh kue;s ia:dhs Ndj 03
pß; ksrEmKh lrhs isoaêhla weiqfrka fha iqúfYaI;d
wOHhkh lr ta i|yd
isoaêhla f.dvk`.ñka
k¾;k wx.hla m%o¾Ykh
lrhs'

2'0 k¾;k yd ine|s 2'1 idïm%odhsl k¾;kh yd · f.dv irU$ b,x.ï idïm%odhsl
irU$ fodôk mo 1-12
uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh k¾;khkaj, irU ,h
ine¢ yia; mdo yeisrùfï olajd lia;srï$ 04
;=kg k¾;kh lr" tys
lrñka m%dfhda.sl brÜá$yudr mo iu.ska
úêl%u wkq.ukh lrñka · ú,ïN" uOH wjika lsrSfï mo
yd oD;
l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh bosßm;a lrhs'
uQ,sl irU bÈßm;a lrhs' ,hg wkqj
lrhs'
2'2 idïm%odhsl p,k Ndú; · iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2 + 4& wod< fnr moj,g
fo;s;g wod< ^fnr mo wkqj w,xldr mo
lrñka w,xldr mo weiqßka& w,xldr mo 03
folla ks¾udKh
xvii
ks¾udKh lrhs' ûd;%d &02 la lrhs'
2'3 ksjerÈ wx.ydr · Wvrg -isxyrdc jkaku" ksjerÈ wx.ydr iy 04

wkq.ukh lrñka .dhk iys; yd rys;
iejq,d jkaku
idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx.
idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. iïmQ¾Kfhka bÈßm;a lrhs'
m%o¾Ykh lrhs' - my;rg wkqrd.oKav
;d,h" kd;s,sxÑ ;d,h
brÜáh iu.
- inr.uq úrdä" uKavql

jkaku iïmQ¾Kfhka
• fodxðx; .;fodx;
jÜgu wdrïNl moh 03
iu. ud;%d folla$
• .=| .;s .; jÜgug
wh;a ud;%d follaa
• .uka ud;%h
^lia;sru" wvõj$
wka;däh" brÜáh$
xviii
l,diu" wvõj iu.ska&
• ;=ka;sf;a m%fNao ;=ka ;sf;a m%fNao 03

2'4 m%ia;drlrKfha úê
y÷kd.ksñka úêl%u
l%u wkq.ukh lrhs' y÷kd.ekSu wkqj .dhkh iys; yd
• jkakï" jÜgï" rnka "pdur rys; k¾;k wx.hkays
lú mo yd fnr mo
lú m%ia;dr m%ia:dr lrhs'
2'5 k¾;k l,dj yd k¾;kh yd ine¢ i;r 02

• wdx.sl" jdÑl" id;aúl yd wNskhg wh;a wx.hkays
ine¢ m%ldYk úê l%u
wdyd¾h wNskh iqúfYaI;d wOHhkh lr
wOHhkh lrñka woyia olajhs'
woyia olajhs'
3'0 idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav • 1 -2 wod< fnr irU iq¿" fnr jdokh yd ne¢
3'1 ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u 03
Ys,amSh l%u y÷kd f.k
yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK wkq.ukh lrñka fnr ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;g we;' fo;sf;a ;d,hg
y÷kd.ksñka jdok wh;a fnr mo fnr $ojq,a mo jdokh
jdokh lrhs'
lrhs'
l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
3'2 ikaksfõok ld¾h i|yd ikaksfõok ld¾hh
• wKfnr " rKfnr " u<
jdoH NdKav Ndú; l< i|yd jdoH NdKav Ndú;
fnr" jo fnr yd fyaúis l< whqre úuiñka
wjia:d úia;r lrhs' 02
jdokh tajdfha iqúfYaI;d
wOHhkh lr f;dr;=re
bÈßm;a lrhs'
xix
4'1 ks¾foaYs; .dhk yd

4'0 YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd • pdur" rnka " TxÑ,s jdrï" foaYSh ck .dhkhkays
ine|s ixialD;sl miqìu iqúfYaI;d wOHhkh lr
ine|s .dhkj, miqìu àld iS mo" jkakï "
úia;r lrhs' tys ixialD;sl yd 06
wOHhkh lrñka .dhk kuialdr .d:d yd ne¢ iudchSh jákdlï
l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs' ixialD;sl miqìu úia;r lrhs'
4'2 kshñ; kdoud,d

• pdur" rnka " TxÑ,s jdrï wd>d;d;aul yd
wkq.ukh lrñka ck wkd>d;d;aul .dhkhka 06
kuialdr .d:d" àld iS mo ys kshñ; kdo ud,d
.dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'
yd jkakï wkq.ukh lrñka
.dhkh lrhs'

5'0 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k 5'1 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k • úfoaYslhskaf.a ft;sydisl YS% ,dxflah k¾;k 02
l,dj yd ine¢
iïm%odhka yd ine¢ l,dj yd ine¢ jd¾;d ft;sydisl miqìu ú.%y
ft;sydisl miqìu ú.%y • uyd jxifha idOl lrhs'
ft;sydisl yd ixialD;sl
lrhs'
miqìu wOHhkh lrñka
• k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg YS% ,dxflah k¾;k 02
cd;sl Wreu /l.ekSu 5'2 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k ldka;d odhl;ajh l,dfõ m%j¾Okhg
i|yd l%shd lrhs' l,dfõ m%j¾Okhg odhl - wdpd¾h jðrd Ñ;%fiak ldka;d odhl;ajh
ñh w.hñka f;dr;=re bÈßm;a
jQjka w.hñka f;dr;=re - k¾;k Ys,amskS ñ/kavd
lrhs'
bÈßm;a lrhs' fyau,;d ñh
xx
• fidlß kdglh fidlß .eñ kdglfha

5'3 YS% ,dxflah .eñ kdgl yd
l:d mqj;" pdrs;% l:d mqj;" pdß;%" .dhk" 02
ine¢ miqìu wOHhkh jdok" k¾;k yd rx.
.dhk" jdok" k¾;kh jia;%dNrKj, iqúfYaI
lr iqúfYaI ,laIK
yd rx.jia;%dNrK ,laIK úia;r lrhs'
bÈßm;a lrhs'
YS% ,dxflah Ydka;sl¾uj,

fldfydUd hla lxldßh"
5'4 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iqúfYaI ,laIK
fofjd,a uvqj" myka uvqj ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrhs' 04
iïm%odhka yd ine¢
Ydka;sl¾uj, l;dmqj;"
Ydka;sl¾uj, iqúfYaI
k¾;k" .dhk" jdok" rx.
,laIK ;=,kd;aul j
jia;%dNrK ieris,s yd rx.
olajhs'
NdKavj, iqúfYaI ,laIK

6'0 ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd 6'1 YS% ,dxflah uqødkdgH • YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH 04
úúO l,dx.j, l,dj ms<sn| f;dr;=re - l,dj yd ne¢
iqúfYaI ,laIK l,dfõ miqìu ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
úpdrhg ,la- yeÈkaùu - wdrïNh yd
f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrh‘'
lrhs' úldYkh ^1930 - 1960
oYlh
6'2 YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHh YS% ,dxflah uqød

krUd úpdrhg ,la • lrÈh $l+ô l;dj uqød kdgHhl iqúfYaI 04
kdgH f;audj " pß; " ,laIK wOHhkh lr
xxi
lrhs' tys jákdlï w.h

rx.jia;%dNrK " k¾;kh " lrhs'
ix.S;h yd miq;, ks¾udK
02
l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh
6'3 fjk;a ixialD;shlg • l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh
yd ne¢ f;dr;=re
wh;a k¾;k iïm%odh jpkd¾:h" m%p,s; m%foaY" wOHhkh lr tys
iqúfYaI;d úia;r lrhs'
wOHhkh lrñka k¾;kh" ix.S;h" jdoH
f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs' NdKav " rx.jia;%dNrK yd
wx. rpkh

7'1 kdgH .S;hlg k¾;k .S;hl miqìu wOHhkh
7'0 w;aoelSï weiqre • fuu .sïydk ''''' $
lr .S; wkqj k¾;k
ks¾udKh lrhs' 04
lr.ksñka úúO yksl jfrõ fld,a,fka''''' ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrhs'
l,dx. ks¾udKh lrhs' .S;hg k¾;k

ks¾udKhla
7'2 pß; iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh i;a;aj yd ñksia pß;j,
• i;a;aj pß; " ñksia pß;
iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh jk
jk mßÈ wx. rpkh lrhss' 05
mßÈ isoaêhlg wkqj
k¾;k ks¾udKh lrhs'
7'3 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k • rx.jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla

rx. jia;%dNrK
xxii
iïm%odh yd ine¢ ks¾udKh ks¾udKh lsÍfï yqrej 03

rx.jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla ,nhs'
ks¾udKh lrhs'
• iunr fm!reI j¾Okh
8'0 k¾;k l,dfjka k¾;k l,dfjka
8'1 udkisl ijia:;dj -ksjerÈ j ;SrK .ekSu ,efnk udkisl 02
,efnk udkisl yd
mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu -ks¾udKYS,S j lghq;= lsÍu iajia:;dj mj;ajd
YdÍßl iajia:;dj .ekSfï jeo.;alu
úia;r lrhs' -úfúlh ksis whqßka .; wOHhkh lrhs'
id¾:l Èú fmfj;la
lsrSu
.;lsÍug bjy,a lr
-YdÍrsl kSfrda.s Ndjh
.ksh's
8'2 udkisl iajia:;dj • k¾;k l%shdldrlï- YdÍßl iajia:;dj
02
mj;ajd .ekSug k¾;k mj;ajd .ekSug l%shdldÍ
k¾;k " .dhk" jdok
l%shdldrlï bjy,a jk whqre j lghq;= lrhs'
úuihs' wx.j, ksr; ùu
85
I jdrh
ls%hdldrlï wxl ld,ÉfÊo
2'3'1 jkakï k¾;kh lruq' 02
4'1'1 ks¾ÈIag cklú .dhkdj, miqìu úia;r lruq' 06
4'2'2 rnka yd jkakï lú .hñka i;=gq fjuq' 02
1'2'1 rnka$pdur kegqula ks¾udKh lruq' 05
2'1'1 irU olajñka l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lruq' 04
3'1'1 fnr jdokhg oE; yqrelr .ksuq' 03
5'1'1 k¾;k l,dfõ fM;sydisl f;dr;=re úuiuq' 02
2'2'1 w,xldr mo f.dv k.uq' 03
27
II jdrh
2'3'1 jkakï k¾;kh lruq' 02
2'4'1 fnr mo yd lú m%ia;dr lruq' 03
1'1'1 Ôjk jD;a;shla k¾;k ks¾udKfhka Tmj;a lruq' 05
5'3'1 fidlß .eñ kdglh ms<sn| ;;= úuid n,uq' 02
6'2'1 l,d lD;shl ri ñysr mjiuq' ^lrÈh$l+ôl;dj& 04
7'2'1 fõÈld k¾;khlg WÑ; wx. rpkhla f.dv k.uq' 03
7'1'1 fõÈld kdgH .Shg k¾;k ks¾udKh lruq' 04
4'2'1 TkaÑ,s jdrï yd pdur lú .huq' 02
3'2'1 ikaksfõok ld¾hh i|yd jdoH NdKav fhdod .ekSu ms<sn| f;dr;=re W.ksuq' 02
8'1'1 k¾;kfhka uki iqjm;a lr .ksuq' 02
29
III jdrh
2'3'2 iïm%odh /l.ksñka k¾;kfha fhfouq' 03
2'5'1 i;r wNskh 02
5'2'1 k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg odhl jQjka w.huq' 02
1'3'1 úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ksrEmKh lruq' 03
4'2'3 kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo .huq' 02
5'4'1 fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj yd myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾u ms<sn|
f;dr;=re ;=,kd;aul j bÈßm;a lruq' 04
7'2'2 i;a;aj pß; i|yd ir, wx.rpkhla lruq' 02
6'3'1 l:l,s k¾;kfhys ;;= úuiuq' 02
7'3'1 idïm%odhsl rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,hl wdlD;shla youq' 03
6'1'1 YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH l,dfõ m%Njhg n,mE lreKq úuid n,uq' 04
8'2'1 —ksisfia kguq' iqjfia fjfiuq'˜ 02
29
xxiii
10 fYa%Ksh - k¾;kh .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï
ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia
1
ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udK
lrhs.
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( m%foaYfha mj;akd jD;a;Ska f;aud lr.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udK lrhs.
l%shdldrlu 1'1'1 ( Ôjk jD;a;shla k¾;k ks¾udKfhka Tmj;a lruq.
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05
bf.kqï m, 1'1'2 ( • m%foaYfha mj;akd Ôjk jD;a;Ska kï lrhs.

• wod< jD;a;sfha l%shdldrlï fm< .iajhs.
• f;dard.;a jD;a;sfha tk l%shdldrlïj, iqúfYAI ,laIK ms<snò
woyia olajhs.
• úúO wjia:djkag WÑ; p,k fhdod .ksñka ks¾udK f.dvk.hs.
• f;audjg wod< ksudjla iys; k¾;k wx.hla bÈßm;a lrhs.
• lKavdhï l%shdldrlïys § iduQysl;ajfhka hq;= j lghq;= lrhs.
• bÈßm;a lrk ks¾udK ms<snò úpdrd;aul j woyia olajhs.
• ;u ks¾udK ms<snò j wka wh olajk úpdrhkag .re lrñka
m%;spdr olajhs.
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( jdoH NdKav" weuqKqu wxl 1
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd

Wmfoia ( weuqKqu wxl 1 ys i|yka lr we;s ls%hd ms<sfj< ;jÿrg;a
ixj¾Okh lr.ekSug wjldYh we;s nj i,lkak'
ms h jr 1 : • ,xldfõ úúO m%foaYhkays olakg ,efnk ëjr$ueá$m;,a$f;a$

fldyq$lDIs jeks l¾udka; ms<snò idlÉPd lsrSu.
• tla ud;Dldjla f;dardf.k tys iqúfYaI ,laIK yd tu jD;a;f
s ha
iajNdjh wkqj ls%hdldrlï fm<.iajd tla tla wjia:djkays
m%o¾Ykh jk p,k iajNdjh" rx. rgd ks¾udKh" wjldY
Ndú;h ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu.
mshjr 2 ( • weuqKqu wxl 1 lKavdhïj,g ,nd § k¾;k ks¾udKh iòyd

fhduq lrùug u. fmkaùu yd isiq ks¾udK M,odhs lr.ekSu
iòyd fnr jdokfhka iydh ùu.
mshjr 3 ( • tla tla lKavdhïj,g ;u ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

i,id §u.
• tu ks¾udK ms<snò úpdrYS,S woyia yd ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd
idlÉPd lr kj fhdackd yd woyia wkqj k¾;k ks¾udK
fmdaIKh lr.ekSug u. fmkaùu.
2
we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh iòyd Wmfoia (
lKavdhï ls%hdldrlï wNHdi lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd § we.hSu lrkak'

• wod< jD;a;sfha p,k l%shdldrlï fm<.eiajQ igyk bÈßm;a
lrkak'
• lKavdhï k¾;k ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrkak'
weuqKqu wxl 1
1' ëjr l¾udka;h - ÈhUg Trej /f.k hEu, oe,a t,Su, oe,a we§u, ud¿ /ia lsÍu, ud¿ j¾.
lsÍu, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu.
2' ueá l¾udka;h - ueá lemSu, ueá mE.Su, ilfmdarefõ j<x iEÈu, j<x ;e,Su, fmdarKqjg
j<x oeñu, úúO NdKav ksIamdokh, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu'
3' m;,a l¾udka;h - m;,g hdu, m;, leKsu, b,a,ï .eÍu, ueKsla fjka lsÍu, úúO wdNrK
ksIamdokh, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu.
4' f;a l¾udka;h - me, isgqùu" .ia lmamdÿ lsÍu" o¿ fk,Su" o¿ fõ,Su" l=vqlr .ekSu"
wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu'
5' fldyq l¾udka;h - fmd,a f,,s tl;= lr Èhg oeóu, fmd,a f,,s ;e,Su, fmd,a fldyq fjka
lsÍu, ,Kq weUÍu, j¾K .ekaùu, úúO NdKav ksIamdokh w,úh yd
i;=gq ùu.
6' lDIs l¾udka;h - ìu ilia lsÍu, me< isgqùu, me< kv;a;=j, wiajkq fk,Su, wiajkq
.nvd lsÍu, wf,úh yd i;=gq ùu.
3
ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udK lrhs.
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( .eñ kegqï yd ine`È úfYaI ,laIK y÷kd.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh
lrhs.
l%shdldrlu 1'2'1 ( rnka$pdur kegqula ks¾udKh lruq .
bf.kqï m, 1'2'2 ( • rnka$pdur kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kajhs.

• rnka$pdur k¾;khg WÑ; p,k ks¾udKh lrhs.
• rx. WmlrK ksjerÈ j yiqrejñka k¾;k bÈßm;a lrhs.
• iduQyls ;ajfhka hq;= j ksudjla iys; rnka$pdur k¾;k wx.hla
m%o¾Ykh lrhs.
• rnka$pdur k¾;k ks¾udK ms<n s ò úpdrd;aul j woyia bÈßm;a
lrhs.
• ;u ks¾udK ms<snò j wkHhka olajk úpdrhkag ijka § Bg
m%;spdr olajhs.
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnrh, ;d,ïmg, w;a rnka$pdur
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia (
mshjr 1 ( • W.;a rnka$pdur lúhla .dhkd lsÍug isiqkag

wjia:dj ,nd § rnka$pdur kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK idlÉPd
lsÍu.
• rnka$pdur yiqre jk wdldrh m%o¾Ykh lr rnka$pdur ksis
f,i yeisrùug u. fmkaùu'
mshjr 2 ( • isiqka ixLHdj wkqj lKavdhï lr rnka$pdur k¾;k

ks¾udKhg wjia:dj ,nd oSu'
• fnr jdokhg wkqj k¾;k wNHdi lsÍug fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • lKavdhï jYfhka isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd

§ k¾;k ks¾udKj, .dhkh, p,kj, WÑ; nj, WmlrK
yeisrùu, wjldY Ndú;h, iduQysl nj ks¾udKd;aul nj,
iuia; ksudj ms<snò úpdrd;aul j woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd § ta ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu'

fnr jdokhg wkqj wNHdi lsÍug wjia:d ,nd oS bka miq j we.hSu
lrkak'
• rnka$pdur k¾;kh oelsh yels wjia:d kï lrkak.
• rnka$pdur kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kajkak.
• rnka$pdur k¾;khg WÑ; p,k ks¾udKh lrkak.
• ks¾udKh lrk ,o k¾;k wx. bÈßm;a lrkak.
4
ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( mßir ksÍlaIKfhka ,nk w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k

ks¾udKh lrhs
ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ( Ndj m%ldY jk mßÈ pß; ksrEmKh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 1'3'1 ( úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ksrEmKh lruq'
bf.kqï m, 1'3'2 ( • úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%ldY l< hq;= wdldrh ms<snò woyia
olajhs.
• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%ldY lsÍug iqÿiq isoê
a hla f.dvk.hs.
• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%ldY lsÍug WÑ; p,k ks¾udKh
lrhs.
• tu p,k Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka pß; ksrEmKh lrhs.
• Ndj m%ldYkh ;=<ska pß; iajNdjh ;Sj% lr olajhs.
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( msk;

a r
+ $DVD
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( iqÿiq m%fõYhla Ndú; lrñka úiauh kue;s ia:dhSNdjh
m%o¾Ykh lsÍu.
ms h jr 1 ( • úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%o¾Ykh lsÍfï § Ndú; jk wx.,

m%;Hx., Wmdx. ms<sn| idlÉPd lsÍu' Wmdx. Ndú; lrñka
bÈßm;a lrk p,k Ndj m%ldYk ;Sj% lsÍug m%n, j
n,mdk nj idlÉPd lsÍu.
mshjr 2 ( • úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ksrEmKh lsÍug iqÿiq isoaêhla

ks¾udKh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §u' tla tla isiqjd úiska
igyka lrk ,o ks¾udKd;aul isoaê w;ßka lsysmhla f;dard
f.k ta ms<snò úpdrd;aul j idlÉPd lsÍu'
mshjr 3 ( • tla isoaêhla f;dard f.k úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh ks¾udKh

lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd oSu'
mshjr 4 ( • isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd § bÈßm;a l< ks¾udK
ms<snò úpdrd;aul woyia yd fhdackd bÈßm;a lr ta ms<sn|
iudf,dapkh lsÍu'
we.hSu yd ;lafiarelrKh iòyd Wmfoia (
• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjfhka WmÈk rih kï lrkak.

• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh bÈßm;a l< yels flá isoaêhla
ks¾udKh lrkak.
• úiauh kue;s ia:dhsNdjh m%o¾Ykh lrkak.
5
ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;kh yd ineòs uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs.
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( idïm%odhsl k¾;kh yd ine¢ yia;-mdo yeisrùfï úêl%u wkq.ukh
lrñka uQ,sl irU bÈßm;a lrhs.
l%shdldrlu 2'1'1 ( irU olajñka l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lruq.
ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj ( 04
bf.kqï m, 2'1'2 ( • ;%súO ,h wkqj kshñ; f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo

;d, ;nñka lshhs.
• wod< lia;srï$brÜá ;d, ;nd lshhs.
• wod< f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo yd lia;srï$brÜá
;%súO ,h yd fnr jdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrhs
• k¾;k m% d fhda . s l l% s h dldrlïj, m% ù K;a j h ,eîug
i;;dNHdifha jeo.;alu m%ldY lrhs.
• ksjerÈ úêl%u wkq.ukh lrñka f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU
fodôk moj,g wod< lia;srï$brÜá yd yudr moh m%o¾Ykh
lrhs.
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ;d,ïmg, fnrh, weuqKqu wxl 1
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( m%dfhda.sl ls%hdldrlfuys YsIHidOk uÜgu mss<sn|

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
ms h jr 1 ( • 6-9 fY%K
a j
s , § bf.k.kakd ,o f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU fodôk
mo yd wod< lia;srï$brÜá iuQy l%shdldrlula f,i ú , ï N
yd uOH ,hg fnr jdokhg wkqj k¾;kh lsÍug ie,eiaùu.
• isiq k¾;kh ksÍlaIKh lr f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk

mo yd wod< lia;srï$brÜá yd yudr moh k¾;kfha § ksjerÈ
wx.ydr yd fnr jdokhg wkqj ,h m%.=K lsÍu ms<snò flá
idlÉPdjla fufyhùu.
mshjr 2 ( • 10,11, iy 12 f.dv irUh$b,x.ï irUh$fodôk moh ,shk

,o weuqKqu m%o¾Ykh lsÍu yd tu irU mo ú,ïN uOH øe;
,hg wkqj ;d, ;nd lSug isiqka fhduq lrùu.
• irU moj,g wod< lia;srï$brÜá ;d, ;nd lSug ie,eiaùu.
mshjr 3 • 10 jk f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo isiqka úiska ;d,

;nñka lshk úg .=rejrhd úiska ksjerÈ úêl%u wkq.ukh
lrñka k¾;kfha fh§u yd isiqka ksÍlaIKfha fhoùu.
• mshjfrka mshjr k¾;kh lrñka isik
q a k¾;khg fhduq lrùu.
• lia;sru$brÜáh mshjfrka mshjr k¾;kh lrùu.
6
• isiqka k¾;kfha fhfok úg .=rejrhd jdokfhka iydh ùu.

• 11 iy 12 f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo yd wod<
lia;srï$brÜá yd yudr moh by; wdldrhg wNHdi lrùu.
• 10,11,12 f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo yd wod< lia;srï$
brÜá igyka lr.ekSug wjia:dj ,nd §u.
• 10,12 olajd f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;%súO ,hg
wkqj k¾;kh lsÍug yd wod< lia;srï$brÜá wNHdi lsÍug
wjia:dj ,nd§u.
• mka;sfha ish¨ u isiqkag l%shdldrlu bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj
,nd§u.
• isiqka k¾;kfha fhfok úg .=rejrhd jdokfhka iydh ùu
lKavdhï jYfhka fyda tal, jYfhka i;;dNHdifha fh§ug
Wmfoia §u.

• 10,11,12 f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;d, ;nd lshkak.
• 10,11,12 f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;%súO ,h yd fnr
jdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrkak.
• lia;srï$brÜá fnr jdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrkak
• 10,11,12 f.dvirU$b,x.ï irU$odôk mo ksjerÈ úê l%u
wkq.ukh lrñka m%o¾Ykh lrkak.
• i;;dNHdifha jeo.;alu ms<snò woyia olajkak.
weuqKqu 1
Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odh - f.dv irU

10 - nUr irUh
moh - fodñ lsg $$$ lsg fodï
lia;sru - ;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d - ;l ð ð l=ò $$
;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a $$
;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d.
11 - mekSï irUh
moh - fodñlsg lsg fodï
lia;sru - ;lalv lv;l ðð l=ò - ðlalv lv;l ðð l=ò
f;dxlv lv;l ðð l=ò - kxlv lv;l ðð l=ò
;lalv lv;l ðlalv lv;l
f;dxlv lv;l kxlv lv;l
;lalv ðlalv f;dxlv kxlv
;;a ð;a f;dx kx ;d.
12 - pkaøsld irUh
moh - fodñ lsg $$$ lsg fodï
lia;sru - ;;a ;;a ;lalv lv;l ð;a ð;a ðlalv lv;l
f;dx f;dx f;dxlv lv;l kx kx kxlv lv;l
;;a ;lalv lv;l ð;a ðlalv lv;l
f;dx f;dxlv lv;l kx kxlv lv;l
;lalv lv;l ðlalv lv;l
f;dxlv lv;l kxlv lv;l
;lalv ðlalv f;dxlv kxlv
;;að;a ;lð;a ;;að;a f;dkakx ;d.
7
my;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - b,x.ï irU
10 - moh - .=ys;s .Èßlsg .=ò .=ò .=ï os;a ;d

.ys;s .Èßlsg .; .; .;a È;a ;d
brÜáh - .=ys;s .Èßlsg .=ò .=ò .=¢; .=¢;a ;;a $$
.=ys;s .Èßlsg .=ò .;a $$$
fodï È;a ;d
11 - moh - ¾ '''' ßï oeysx fr.È; .; .=ò .;a;ï

brÜáh - ßï .; .=ò .;a ;ï ßï .; .=ò .;a ;ï
.;a oeysx .=x oeysx .=¢; .=|ï
.È; .=|ï fodï; .;x .;
.=È;l fo.=|l ±ysx
12 - moh - .=¢; .=ï ±ysx ^È;.;& .È;l= fodï

¾ '''''' ßï.; .È.; .;a; .È; .;a
.=¢;l È.=ol= fodï
brÜáh - .=¢; .È; .; .;a ±ysx .=x ±ysx
fodx;l= fodx;l= fodx
;ßlsg ;;a Èßlsg ;;a .=¢; .;;a fodx
.È; .;;a fodx fodx; .È; .;
.=È;l È`.=|l= fodx
inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - fodôk mo
10 - moh - ls;a ;d ls;a ;d fcÊ fcÊ;d

;;alv ;ßlsg$$ fcÊ fcx ;d-
11 - moh - ;ßlsg Èßlsg Èßlsg ;ßlsg
12 - moh - ;ßlsg Èßlsg Èßlsg ;ßlsg

osßl=x ;ßl=x ;ßlsg osßlsg
yudr moh - f;hd $$$$$

f;hsh;a ;dï f;ahs ;dï
8
ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;k yd ine`È uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs .
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( idïm%odhsl p,k Ndú; lrñka w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lrhs.
l%shdldrlu 2'2'1 ( w,xldr mo f.dv k.uq.
bf.kqï m, 2'2'2 ( • w,xldr mo ûd;%d& k¾;kh iòyd iqÿiq p,k ks¾udKh lrhs
• ks¾udKh lr.;a p,k fhdod.ksñka iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2+4& fo;s;g
w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lrhs'
• jdokhg wkqj w,xldr mo ûd;%d& k¾;kfha fhfohs.
• ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,xldr mo ûd;%d& fjk;a k¾;k wjia:d
iòyd Ndú; lrhs.
• f.dvk.k ,o w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ms<snò úpdrd;aul woyia
bÈßm;a lrhs.
• ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,xldr mo ûd;%d& iduQysl j bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Wvrg my;rg inr.uq fnr, ;d,ïmg
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï iòyd Wmfoia (
ms h jr 1 ( • iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2+4& fo;s;g wh;a idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx.hla

m%o¾Ykh lsÍu' tys ;d,h yd k¾;kfhys idïm%odhsl p,k
ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • idïm%odhsl p,k weiqre lr.ksñka iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2+ 4& fo;s;g

wkqj w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrùu'
• ks¾udKh lr.;a w,xldr mo tal, jYfhka fyda l=vd lKavdhï
jYfhka bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u.
mshjr 3 ( • ks¾udKh lrk ,o w,xldr mo ms<sn| úpdrd;aul j we.hSug

,la lsÍu yd ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lr.ekSug Wmfoia ,nd §u'
• idïm%odhsl p,k weiqßka iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2+ 4 & fo;s;g wkqj

w,xldr mo ûd;%d& ks¾udKh lrkak.
• jdokhg wkqj w,xldr mo k¾;kh lrkak.
• w,xldr mohla ks¾udKh lsÍfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq
ms<snò fláfhka úia;r lrkak.
9

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. m%o¾Ykh
lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 2'3'1 ( jkakï k¾;kh lruq'
bf.kqï m, 2'3'2 ( • wod< ;s;a rEmh wkqj isxyrdc" iejq,d$wkqrd. oKav;d,h"

kd;s,xs Ñ ;d,h$úrdä" uKavl
q jkakïj, ;dkï yd lú .dhkh
lrhs'
• kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka .dhkh lrhs'
• ;dku yd lú .dhkh lrñka k¾;kfha fhfohs'
• lia;sru$brÜáh$l,diu" iSreudrej" wvõj k¾;kh lrhs'
• jdokhg wkqj ;dku lúh .dhkd lrñka k¾;kfha fhfohs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnrh" ;d,ïmg jkakï ,shk ,o igyka
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( Tn W.kajk k¾;k iïm%odhg wod< jkakï f;dard .; hq;=
h' 9 fY%aKsfha W.;a jkaku iïmQ¾K lr 10 fY%aKshg wod<
jkaku iajdëk j .hñka k¾;kh lsÍug wjYH YlH;d
j¾Okh lr ;sfí ±hs n,kak'
ms h jr 1 ( • .dhkh mdvfï § W.;a jkakfï ;dku" .dhkh lsrSug fhduq

lrùu'
• k¾;kfha § jkaku .dhkh lsÍfï wjYH;dj úia;r lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • jkakug wod< mo fldgia bf.kSug ie,eiaùu'

• lia ; s r u$brÜáh$l,diu$iS r eudrej iy wvõj .= r ejrhd
k¾;kh lsÍu yd isiqka k¾;khg fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • jdokhg wkqj ;dku yd lú .dhkh lrñka iuQy jYfhka

yd tal, jYfhka k¾;kfhys fhoùu'

i;;dNHdifhka miq j we.hSu lrkak'
• ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka jdokhg wkqj wod< jkaku
k¾;kh lrkak'
10
Wvrg - isxyrdc jkaku
;d,h - uy ûd;%d 4& ;ks ;s;
fnr moh - fod fodx; ;l= fodx
;dku - ;k;a ;fkk ;ï - ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok ;dkd '''';k

;k;a ;fkk ;ï - ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok;a ;fkk ;ï ok ;dkd ''''''''''
lúh - fmr;a lf,l isxy rfcla jegqks uy ,sòla ;=<l bì ,fvla lrmq jev
wer;a fufyu hi jevla Wfka ke; Ñr;a lf,l mej;=ula hihs yev
ÿr;a neü fkdj ,`.;a n,k wh yg;a fuf,i fjhs leg;a ;nñ ov
jg;a whg oefk kg;a lshñ uu rgla ják isxy rc jkakfu yev
lia;sru - ;lg ;lg ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a $$$

reka;l ðka;l ðx;l ðx l=ò $$$
;d.a .ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a $$
reka;l ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d'
iSreudrej - ;l= ;l ðð l=ò .ð; .ð; l=ò

.ð .; l=ò l=ò ;d ^lv;l&
l=ò l=ò ;d ^lv;l&
l=ò l=ò ;dl= ðka; .; fodñlsg
;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d'
wvõj - ;dï fodñ;s .; fodñ lsg

lv;l ;ßlsg ls;l fodñ;s .; ls;a ;la
l=ò l=ò ;dl= ð;a; .; fodñlsg
;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d'
my;rg - wkqrd.oKAv ;d,h
;d,h - uy ûd;%d 4& ;ks ;s;
fnr moh - ;l È;a ;l fodx fodx Èx ;l fodx
;dku - f;k f;k f;k f;fkkd f;kï f;k

f;k f;k f;k f;fkkd
lúh - ;dr`.kd ueÈkd Èis iqn%lrd f,i fidñ .=fK kd

ta rdjKd rdjk ke.s Yl% iqrd iqr iu`.sj kd
f;darñkd lsrkd ksis w.% ñfkjq lsre,l or kd
kdrdhk ks;skd Èis §¾>;s f,dai; /l foñ kd
brÜáh - ;l È;a ;l fodx ls;a ;;a lsá;l

;ß.; Èl=ox fodï; fodï; .;
;l%;;a .=ys;s. Èßlsg ;d
11
inr.uq - úrdä jkaku
;d,h - uy ûd;%d 4& ;ks ;s;

ojq,a moh - ðñ; l=od fodx
;dku - ;dkd ;k;ï ;k ;k ;k;ï ok ;dkd
;Skd ;sk;sï ;sk ;sk ;sk;sï ;sk ;S kd
lúh - mdkd hiiska isßmsß l=¿fkka ysò jdrdã
nQkd rcis;a tl f,i ksr;=re ùjdã
.dkd ysñis;a mskjk hiiska fkl jdrdã
fiakd ueo ú;a lS fï jkaku okq úrdã
l,diu - l=È; .;s; l=ò .;s .; l=ò .; $$
l=È; .;s; l=ò .;s; l=È;a ;;a
wvõj - .;a;l= È;a;d fodx.v ;ßlsg ð;a;d
fodxl=ò .;l=ò .;l=ò .;l=ò
;lalv ðlalv fodx.v ;ßlsg
fodx; fodx; .; .;s.; Èßlsg ;ßlsg ;d
ðñ;a;;a .;s.; y¾ðla .;l=x ;d
Wvrg - iejq,d jkaku
;d,h - iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2 + 4& fo;s;

fnr moh - fodx fodx ðx ðx .ð.;
;dku - ;ï ;ïok ;dkï ok ;ïok ;dkï
;ï ;ïok ;dk;a f;hs ;ïo kd ;ïfo kd kd
lúh - iqß`ÿka fmr isgka n,hq;a ij;s÷ka
iyf.dia l< hqfoka wiq rkach fkd,Èka
nr w;a f.k l.ska wek fldka;ú j,ska
wiqrka l< hqfoka ch f.k lò l=ureka
.iñka l. m;ska fom¨j wiqr fika
oeremd w;¿fjka m¨ fol f.k ieklska
tu jka m¨jlska t Wmka iekhlska
iejq,d ku thska f,dj m< l< Wm;ska
lia;sru - l=ò .ð.; $$$ l=ò ;d
l=ò .ð.; $$$ l=ò ;d
l=ò .ð.; l=ò ;d $$
l=ò ;d $$
l=ò .ð.; $$$ l=ò ;d $
iSreudrej - ;l= ;l ;ßlsg l=xo;a
.;a ð;a ;l ð;a l=xo;a
;l= ;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a fodx ;d
wvõj - fcka ;;a ;;a $$$fcka ;d - fckq ;;a ;;a $$$ fckq ;d
fcka ;;a ;;a fcka ;d - fckq ;;a ;;a fckq ;d
fcka ;d - fckq ;d
fodfydlv ;d - fodfydlv .; l=ò fodfydlv ;d
12
my;rg - kd;s,sxÑ ;d,h
;d,h - iq¿ uy ûd;%d 2 + 4 & fo;s;

fnr moh - fodï ;ï .; .È ;ï .; .=.= oï .; .È;ï
;dku - f;k f;ïf;k
f;k f;ïf;k
f;k f;ïf;k f;fkkd
lúh - iò ikaor È.= mqka.sr È<suka Tn hi gd
iò ikaor merÿk fuka ie`.ù fur .sr gd
iò ikaor kj uka;r woyd.;a f,i gd
iò ikaor m;sj,a,N fi; foka iõ i; gd
brÜáh - fodï ;;a Èï .; .=.= È;
.; .=ys ;s. Èß lsg
fodï .;.; .=x od
inr.uq - uKavql jkaku
;d,h - ueÿï uy ûd;%d 3 + 4& fo;s;

ojq,a moh - l=ò;a ;lalsg ;lg ðx ;l
;dku - f;hsh ;k;a ;fkkd $$
f;hsh ;kd ;k ;dk;a ;;a
f;dx kx ls;a ;;a
f;hsh ;k;a ;ykd $$
lúh - wúh /f.k hqohg wd ú,ig $$
foúhks fmr isg$$$ ;snqfKa fuf,ig
f;hsh ;k;a ;ykd$$
yhsfhka lSfjd;a jkaku Tìkg $$
whsfhda fujkaku$$$ lshdÈhka ug
f;hsh ;k;a ;ykd
wyia l=fia jeis .=jkska tk úg$$

oyia .Kka ú,$$$ .sh ilaj, jg
f;hsh ;k;a ;ykd$$
Woyia ù ßú mdhk ú,ig$$

oyia .Kka ye~q$$$
uKavqlfhda isg f;hsh ;k;a ;ykd
l,diu - ðx; .; .; .;s; l=ò l=ò $$$
ðx; .; l=ò .;s; l=ò .;a
wvõj - ðx; .;a ;;a .;s; .; fodx
ðx; .; .; .;s; .; fodx
ðx; .;a ;;a .;;a l=ò .;
;d .;a ;;a .;;a l=ò .; ;d
13
ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;kh yd ine`È uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka idïm%odhsl k¾;kdx. m%o¾Ykh
lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 2'3'2 ( iïm%odh /l.ksñka k¾;kfha fhfouq'
bf.kqï m, 2'3'2 ( • jÜgfï$.uka ud;%fha wkkH;d ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• kshñ; ;s;a rEm u; jÜgï msÍu" mo" lia;srï" wvõ$wka;däh"
brÜáh$l,diï jÜgu" wvõj ;d, ;nñka lshhs'
• kshñ; wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka k¾;kh lrhs'
• jdokhg wkqj tal, yd iduQysl j k¾;kh bÈßm;a lrhs'
• Ys,amSh m%d.=KHh j¾Okhg i;;dNHdih jeo.;a nj m%ldY
lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( .eg fnrh$my;rg fnrh$ojq," ;d,ïmg yd oDYHdOdr
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( Tn W.kajk iïm%odhg wod< ks¾foaYs; fldgia f;dard.;
hq;= h'
Wvrg - fodx ðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - jÜgï msÍu" mo
02" lia;srï 02" wvõ 02
my; rg - .=ò .;s .; jÜgu - mo 02" wka;däh"
brÜá 02
inr.uq .uka ud;%h - mo" l,diï jÜgu" l,diu"
wvõj
mshjr 1 ( • .=rejrhd úiska fodx ðx; .; fodx;$.=o .;s .; jÜgu$inr.uq

.uka ud;%hg wh;a mo m%o¾Ykh lr tys iqúfYAI wkkH;d
,laIK úia;r lsÍu'
• kshñ; ;s;a rEm wkqj jÜgï msÍu" mo" lia;srï" wvõ$ud;%d"
wka;däh" brÜá$l,diï jÜgu" l,diu" wvõj ;d, ;nd lSug
fhduq lrùu'
• .=rejrhd úiska jÜgï msÍu" moh" lia;sru" wvõj$ud;%d"

wka;däh" brÜáh $.uka ud;%h mo l,diï jÜgu" wvõj
m%o¾Ykh lr k¾;kh iòyd fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 2 ( • fnr$ojq,a jdokhg wkqj jÜgï msÍu" .uka ud;%h mo l,diï

jÜgu" wvõj wNHdi lrùu'
• jdokhg wkqj kshñ; mo fldgia wNHdi lrùu yd ksjerÈ
wx.ydr wkq.ukh lsÍug u. fmkaùu'
• i;;dNHdifhys wjYH;djh ms<snò idlÉPd lrñka iduQysl
jYfhka wNHdifha fh§ug Wmfoia §u'
14
we.hSï yd ;lafiarelrKh iòyd Wmfoia ( W.kajk k¾;k iïm%odhg ks¾foaYs; úIh fldgia
f;dard .kak'
• jÜgug$.uka ud;%hg wod< ;d, rEmh kï lrkak'
• kshñ; ;d, rEmh wkqj mo fldgia ;d, ;nd lshkak'
• jdokhg wkqj iduQysl j k¾;kh lrkak'
• tal, jYfhka jÜgu$.uka ud;%h k¾;kh lrkak'
úIh wka;¾.;h
Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odh
fodxðx; .; fodx; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;
jÜgï msÍu - f;ysx f;ysx; .ð ðl=ò .;a ð;a .ðx ðl=ò

f;ysx f;ysx; .ð ðl=o fodx ;d'
1' jÜgï ud;%h - fodx ðx; .; fodx;
lia;sru - l=ò .ð; l=ò ;d'
wvõj - ;;a ;lg ;l frdx

;lalv ;lalv l=ò ;l frdx
;l frdx .ðx ðl=ò lsá ;lg l=kao;a ðl frdx
2' jÜgï ud;%h - fodx ðx; .; fodx;
lia;sru - l=ò .ð; $$$ l=ò ;d
wvõj - ;d;a ðx ;;a ;;a ðx ;;a ðx ;;a ;;a

fodfydlv ;ylv fodñlsg l=ò
.; l=l=o - ð;a f;ysx
;y¾ð;a ;y¾ð;a l=ò ;y¾ð;a ;y¾ fodx
my;rg k¾;k iïm%odh
.=ò .;s .; jÜgu - ;d,h- iq`M ûd;%d 2& ;ks ;s;
1' moh - .=ò .;s .; .=ò .=ò .;s .;

wka;däh - .=ò .;s .; .=ò .;a ;ï
brÜáh - .=xo;a .ys;s .Èßlsg .; .; .ys;s .;ï
;;a È;a ;;a È.;ï fodx ^.;s .;&
2' moh - .=ò .;s .; .=| .=| .;s .;

wka;däh - .=ò .;s .; .=ò .;a ;ï
brÜáh - .=xo;a .ys;s .Èßlsg .; .; $$ .ys;s .;ï
;;a È;a ;;a È.;ï fodx ^.;s .;&
15
inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh
.uka ud;%h - ;d,h- ueÿï ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;
1' ojq,a moh - ðx lsá ;;a ;;a lsá;l
l,diï jÜgu - l=È; .;s; ;;a l=o.; l=È; .;s;

.; l=o fodx
l,diu - ðx; .;;a ;;a l=ò.; $$$

.È; l=È;a ;;a ls;a ;;a
wvõj - ;;a lsgy¾ ðla lsg l=x

;;a ls;a;;a .; ls;a ;;a
.;s lsgy¾ ðla lsg l=x
;;a ls;a;;a .; ls;a ;;a
fodax; .;a;;a lsá;l
;l=o .;;a l=ò.; l=o ;d
16

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'4 ( m%ia;drlrKfha úê l%u wkq.ukh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 2'4'1 ( fnr mo yd lú m%ia;dr lruq'
bf.kqï m, 2'4'2 ( • kshñ; lú .dhk iy k¾;k mo m%ia;dr lsÍfï úêl%u

idlÉPd lrhs'
• úêl%u yd úúO Ys,am l%u Ndú; lrñka wod< lú yd k¾;k
mo fldgia m%ia;dr lrhs'
• ksjerÈ j m%ia;drlrKfha fhfoñka ;d, ms<snò m%dfhda.sl
• ;=ka ;sf;a m%fNao y÷kajhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wod< úIh fldgia wka;¾.; igyka
ls%hdldru ie,iqï lsÍu

i|yd Wmfoia ( idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. mdvfï olajd we;s jkakï yd jÜgï
o" .dhk mdvfï olajd we;s rnka lú yd pdur lú o m%ia;dr
lrKh iòyd fhdod .kak'
• m%ia;drlrKh ms<snò isiq oekqu úuiñka ir, ;s;a rEm" úNd.
fjka fldg oelaùfï § fldgia y;rla Ndú; lsÍu" lú moj,
fh§ we;s ud;%d ,>q" .=re jYfhka fjka fldg y`ÿkd.ekSu
yd kshñ; ia:dkj, ix{d i,l=Kq fh§u ms<snò idlÉPd
lsÍu'
ms h jr 1 ( • wod< jkakï" jÜgï" rnka lú" pdur lú m%ia;drlrKh iòyd

isiqka fhduq lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • m%ia;dr igyka ksÍlaIKh lr yß jeros n,d ilia lr wjYH

kï kej; m%ia;dr lsÍug fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • ;=ka;sf;a m%fNao y`ÿkajd §u'
• wod< fnr mohla" lúhla" lia;srula$brÜáhla$l,diula

yd wvõjla m%ia;dr lrkak'
• ;=ka;sf;a m%fNao kï lrkak'
17
ksmqK;dj 2'0 ( k¾;k yd ne`È uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh lrñka m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'5 ( k¾;k l,dj yd ne`È m%ldYk úêl%u wOHhkh lrñka woyia olajhs'
l%shdldrlu 2'5'1 ( i;r wNskh'
bf.kqï m, 2'5'2 ( • m%ldYk úêl%u f,i i;r wNskh Ndú; jk nj m%ldY lrhs'
• i;r wNskh úia;r lrhs'
• fm%alaIl ri úkaokh Wfoid i;r wNskh jeo.;a jk nj
m%ldY lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnrh$;d,ïmg$Ydka;sl¾u fm<md,s we;=<;a CD ;eáhla $tu

PdhdrEm$ri Ndj oelafjk oDYHdOdr
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia (
ms h jr 1 ( • l,ska ie,iqï lrk ,o fyda wjia:dkql+, j ks¾udKh lrk

,o isÿùula weiqßka wdx.sl" id;a;aúl" jdÑl" wdyd¾h wNskh
m%o¾Ykh lrñka ta ms<sn| úuiSu'
mshjr 2 ( • i;r wNskh ms<sn| lreKq úia;r lsÍu'

• fm%alaIl riúkaokfhys ,d i;r wNskfhys jeo.;alu yd
f;audj u;= lsÍug" m%dix.sl nj ;Sj% lsÍug" m%ldYkuh .=Kh
u;= lsÍug i;r wNskh bjy,a lr.kakd wdldrh úia;r lsÍu
yd wjYH lreKq igyka lr.ekSug ie,eiaùu'

• i;r wNskh kï lrkak'
• i;r wNskh úia;r lrkak'
• k¾;k ks¾udKhkays id¾:l;ajfhys ,d i;r wNskh bjy,a
jk whqre úia;r lrkak'
18
ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK y÷kd.ksñka jdok
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( ksjerÈ Ys,amSh l%u wkq.ukh lrñka fnr jdokh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 3'1'1 ( fnr jdokhg oE; yqrelr .ksuq'
bf.kqï m, 3'1'2 ( • 01" 02 fnr$ojq,a irU mo ;d, ;nñka lshhs'

• ksjerÈ wlaIr W;amdokh jk wdldrhg fnr$ojq,a irU mo
jdokh lrhs'
• ú,ïN" uOH ,h wkq.ukh lrñka fnr$irU mo jdokh lrhs'
• iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3 & fo;s;g fnr" ojq,a mo jdokh lrhs'
• iduQysl j yd tAl, j y`v md,kh lrñkaa jdokh bÈßm;a
lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnr" ;d,ïmg
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( fnr irU 02 la iy iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s; g wod< mo
fldgia weiqre lr.kak'
mshjr 1 ( • i;r îcdlaIr jdokh lr flá idlÉPdjla fufyhjd i;r

îcdlaIr jdokh lsÍug u. fmkaùu yd fnrjdokfha §
wkq.ukh l< hq;= úê l%u y÷kajd§u'
• ;d, ;nd irU moh lSug yd ú,ïN" uOH ,hg irU mo
jdokh lsÍug fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 2 ( • iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;g fnr mohla jdokh lr isiqka
g ;d, ;eîug wjia:dj ,nd §u yd fnr mo jdokh lsÍug
fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • i;r îcdlaIr" m<uq yd fojk fnr irU ú,ïN" uOH ,hg
jdokh lsÍu' iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2+3& fo;s;g fnr mo jdokh
wNHdi lrùu'
wNHdi lsÍug m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd § bkamiq we.hSug ,la lrkak'

• i;r îcdlaIr jdokh lrkak'
• iq¿ ueÿï ûd;%d 2 + 3& fo;s;g wod< fnr mo jdokh lrkak'
• m<uq yd fojk fnr$ojq,a irU mo mo ú,ïN" uOH ,hg
jdokh lrkak'
19
i;r îcdlaIr
Wvrg - ;" ð" f;d" k

^;;a" ð;a" f;dx" kx&
my;rg - ;" È" f;d" k

^;;a" È;a" f;dx" kx&
inr.uq - ;" ð" f;d" k

^;;a" ð;a" f;dx" kx&
fnr irU
Wvrg - 1' ;lg

2' ;lg l=og
my;rg - 1' .=ys;s

2' .=ys;s .ys;s
inr.uq - 1' ;lg

2' ;lg ðlg
iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr mo
Wvrg - fodx ðx; .; fodx;
my;rg - .=x fo.; .;a; .=x
inr.uq - ðx ðñ; ;;a ;lg
20
ksmqK;dj 3'0 ( idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK y`ÿkd.ksñka

jdok l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ( ikaksfõok ld¾hh iòyd jdoH NdKav Ndú; l< wjia:d úia;r
lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 3'2'1 ( ikaksfõok ld¾hh iòyd jdoH NdKav fhdod.ekSu ms<snò f;dr;=re
W.ksuq'
bf.kqï m, 3'2'2 ( • ikaksfõok ld¾hh iòyd w;S;fha isg u foaYSh jdoH NdKav
Ndú; l< nj m%ldY lrhs'
• ikaksfõok l%shdj,sh uq,a fldgf.k jdok wjia:d kï fldg
we;s nj m%ldY lrhs'
• tu ikaksfõok wjia:d wd.ñl yd idudÔh jYfhka j¾. lr
olajhs'
• wd.ñl yd idudÔh ikakf s õok wjYH;d iòyd NdKav Ndú;fha
§ úúO Wml%u fhdod.;a wdldrh úia;r lrhs'
• j¾;udkfha úúO iudc wjYH;dj, § fuu jdoH NdKav fhdod
.kakd njg lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( .eg fnrh" my;rg fnrh" ojq," rndk" Y%jH mg'
ms h jr 1 ( • f;dard.;a fnrmo fldgila fyda u`.=,a fnr" u< fnr jdok

we;=<;a y`v mghla Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'
• Y%jKh lrk ,o mo fldgia ms<sn| isiq woyia úuiSu' w;S;fha
fuka u j¾;udkfha o foaYSh jdoH NdKav úúO idudÔh"
wd.ñl yd fjk;a wjYH;d iòyd fhdod.;a wjia:d kï lsÍu'
^Wod( wK fnr" rK fnr" u< fnr" jo fnr" f;ajd jdok"
fyaúis jdok" rnka jdok& wjia:d kï lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • isiqka lKavdhï lr" weuqKqï 01 ,nd § we.hSu yd

;lafiarelrKfha § we;s m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re f.dkq lsÍug fhduq
lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • lKavdhï jYfhka ms<s;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §u'

• tu ms<s;=re weiqßka ;jÿrg;a lreKq ±laùu'
21
• ikaksfõokh iòyd Ndú; jdoH NdKav kï lrkak'

• ikaksfõokh iòyd foaYSh jdoH NdKav jdokh l< wjia:d
kï lrkak
• jdokh lsÍfï § ta ta wjia:djka yd ne¢ úê l%u úia;r lrkak'
• fuu jdok wx. ixrlaIKh iòyd iqÿiq l%shd ud¾. y;rla
fhdackd lrkak'
weuqKqu 01
w;S;fha mgka j¾;udkh olajd Y%S ,dxlslfhda úúO wjYH;d Wfoid foaYSh jdoH NdKav
weiqre lr .;ay' w;S;fha ia;+m mQcd" fndaê mQcd" Od;= ksOdfkda;aij" .sßNKav mQcd" Èhfl<s" ov fl<s
jeks W;aij yd iudc lghq;= fuys ,d jeo.;a fõ'
fyaúis yd f;ajd jeks jdok wd.ñl lghq;= iòyd Ndú; úh' wK fnr" u< fnr" jo fnr"
u.=,a fnr" rnka jdok" idudÔh lghq;= Wfoid Ndú; úh' rK fnr hqOuh wjia:dj, § Ndú;
úh'
weuqKqu 02
fuu jdokh uQ,sl jYfhka u ikaksfõok ld¾h wruqKq lr.;a w;r" Ndú; lsÍfï § yv
md,kh i|yd úúO Wml%u fhdod .kq ,eî h' Wod( u<fnr jdokfha § ojq, iqÿ msrejghlska jeiSu'
úúO iudc wjia:d wkqj jdokhg fhdod.kakd jdoH NdKav úúO jk w;r" tajd jdokfha §
úúO ufkdaNdj u;= lsÍfuys ,d iu;a fõ' u<fnr yd jo fnr jdokfhka lreK rih;a" rK fnr
jdokfhka ùr rih;a ,nd §ug jdolfhda W;aidy .ks;s'
j¾;udkfha úúO wd.ñl" idudcSh" ixialD;sl ixo¾Yk yd ix.S; lghq;= iòyd jdoH NdKav
fhdod .kakd w;r" fuu jdok wjia:d ixialD;sl jYfhka YS% ,dxflah ck iudcfha m%n, jákdlï
ysñ lr.kS' úúO wjia:dj, § jdokh lrkq ,nk jdoH NdKav úúO jkakd fia u úúO mo fldgia
o wjia:dkql+, j jdokh lrkq ,efí' tu mo jdokh u.ska m%n, ikaksfõokhla isÿ fõ'
22
ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ne`È .dhkj, miqìu wOHhkh lrñka
.dhk l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( ks¾foaYs; .dhk yd ne|s ixialD;sl miqìu úia;r lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 4'1'1 ( ks¾osIag cklú .dhkj, miqìu úia;r lruq'
bf.kqï m, 4'1'1 ( • rnka yd jkakï lú .dhk yd ne|s miqìu fláfhka olajhs'

• pdur yd TxÑ,s jdrï lú .dhkj, miqìu úuihs'
• kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo lú .dhkj, miqìu úia;r lrhs'
• ks¾osIag fuu lú .dhkj, jákdlu y÷kd.ksñka tajd
ixrlaIKh lsÍug fhdackd bosßm;a lrhs'
• wod< lú .dhkh lrñka tu lú .dhkj, iqúfYaI ,laIK
m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fnr" ;d,ïmg yd wod< lú igyka
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( fuu ls%hdldrlug wod< ld,ÉfÊo 06 jdr ;=kg fol ne.ska
fjka lr.kak' jdr igyfkys ls%hdldrlï fnod olajd we;s
wdldrh y÷kd.kak' .dhkhg fmr ta ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd
.; yels jk mßos jvd;a iqÿiq yd ksjerÈ f,i ls%hdldrlu
ie,iqï lr.kak' I jdrh rnka yd jkakï lú" IIjdrh- pdur
yd TkaÑ,s jdrï lú" III jdrh- kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo
ms h jr 1 • wod< lú Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu yd .dhkh lrñka tu lú y÷kajd

§u'
mshjr 2 • wod< lú ks¾udKh lsÍug n,mE lreKq" tu lú .dhkj, we;s

fjkialï" iqúfYaI kdo rgd" w>d;d;aul" wkd>d;d;aul
,laIK" ck iudch yd fuu lú w;r we;s in|;d" lú
ixrlaIKh lsÍug .; yels mshjr ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍu'
mshjr 3 • wod< lú .dhkh lsÍug i,iajd tu lúj, iqúfYaI ,laIK

we.hSug ,la lsÍu yd ixrlaIKh lsÍu ms<n
s | isiq woyia úuiñka
idlÉcd lr wjYH f;dr;=re igyka lr .ekSug fhduq lsÍu'

fuu lú .dhk ls%hdldrlï jdr ;=kg wod< neúka we.hSfï oS ta ta
jdrhg ks¾foaYs; .dhk we.hSug ie,iqï lrkak'
• rnka yd jkakï lú .dhkj, miqìu úia;r lrkak'
• rnka lúhla fyda wod< jkakfï ;dku yd lúh .hñka tys
iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kajkak'
• pdur yd TkaÑ,s jdrï lúj, .dhkj, miqìu úuikak'
• kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo .hñka tu .dhkj, iqúfYaI
.dhk ,laIK úia;r lrkak'
23
ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ine`È .dhkj, miqìu wOHhkh lrñka
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka ck .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 4'2'1 ( TkaÑ,s jdrï yd pdur lú .huq'
ld,ÉfÊo ixLdj ( 02
bf.kqï m, 4'2'1 ( • TxÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú ksjerÈ kdoud,djg wkqj .dhk

lrhs'
• kshñ; fnrmo wkqj ;d, ;nñka wod< lú .dhkh lrhs'
• fnr jdokhg wkqj ;d, ;nñka TkaÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur
lú .dhkh lrhs'
• iduQysl;ajfhka hq;= j talSh y`v;,hl msysgd .dhkh lrhs'
• iajlSh y~;,h yiqrejd.ksñka .dhkh lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" äuhs fld<" weuqKqï
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( úúO m%fõY yd bf.kqï l%u Ndú; lrñka TkaÑ,s jdrï lú
yd pdur lú ud;Dld hgf;a fjka jYfhka l%shdldrlï ie,iqï
lr.kak'
ms h jr 1 ( • .=rejrhd úiska TxÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhkh lrñka ta

ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu'
• lú iys; weuqKqu isiqka w;f¾ fnod §u'
• TxÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhk lrùu' lKavdhï jYfhka
mqyqKq ùug ie,eiaùu yd Wmfoia ,nd §u'
mshjr 2 ( • tla tla lKavdhu ne.ska TkaÑ,sjdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhkh

lsÍug ie,eiaùu'
ls%hdldrlï wjidkfha laIKsl we.hSula lr wjYH iqÿiq wjia:djl

§ my; i|yka m%Yak wkqj we.hSu lrkak'
• kshñ; kdoud,djg wkqj TkaÑ,s jdrï lúhla .dhkh lrkak'
• kshñ; ud,djg wkqj pdur lúhla .dhkh lrkak'
• lKavdhï jYfhka TkaÑ,s jdrï lú yd pdur lú .dhk
bÈßm;a lrkak'
24
TxÑ,s jdrï lú
1' mqrjr ueo ne|s rka TkaÑ,a,d ÿr hk ;rug mqÿu fkdfj,a,d

jer ir msßñka ;j meom,a,d iqrmqr foúhka /l=fu ish,a,d
2' wg fok wg fldK jdä fjh,a,d isgf.k fofofkla fmd¨ md.,a,d

jõ,ka f,i lerflk TkaÑ,a,d wms;a mÈuq fï rka TkaÑ,a,d
fidnuka foú jre ifofkla t;kg

nisñka pdur .;af;a iqr;g
.ksñka pdur ie¨fõ uqks÷g
wms oeka olajuq ta r`. inhg
pdur k¾;kh i|yd by; lúh Ndú; lrk w;r pdur k¾;kh rdc iNd ,laIK .kakd
ksid k¾;kfha § m%Yia;s lú o Ndú; lrhs'
Wod( ch ch isxy kf¾kaød rlaI rlaI - ch ch isxy iqf¾kaød

ch ch isxy iqf¾kaød rlaI rlaI - ch ch lkao iqßkaod
mdom;au wiqrka To ìkaod - isßyia ±re fõ,d wúfhkaod
.;a;o fk;a fod, iskaod rlaI rlaI - foú /lf|ka iqr lkaod
25
ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ne`È .dhkj, miq ìu wOHhkh lrñka
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 4'2'2 ( rnka yd jkakï lú .hñka i;=gq fjuq'
bf.kqï m, 4'2'2 ( • kshñ; kdoud,djg wkqj rnka lú .dhkh lrhs'

• kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka jkakï .dhkh lrhs'
• fnr jdokhg wkqj ;d, ;nñka rnka yd jkakï lú .dhk
lrhs'
• talSh y`v ;,hl msysgd iduQysl j .dhkh lrhs'
• iajlSh y`v ;,h y÷kd.ksñka .dhkh lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" oDYH mg" mska;+r
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( rnka yd jkakï lú .dhkh l%shdldrlï fjka fjka jYfhka
ie,iqï lr.kak'
ms h jr 1 ( • rnka lú Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• Y%jKh lrñka .dhkfha fh§ug wjia:dj ie,iSu'
• lKavdhï jYfhka ksjerÈ kdoud,dj wkqj .dhkhg fhduq
lrùu'
mshjr 2 ( • wod< jkaku Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• lKavdhï jYfhka .dhkh lsÍug wjia:dj ie,iSu'
• fnr jdokh wkqj ;d, ;nñka .dhkh lrùu'
• kej; kej; .dhk wNHdihg wjia:dj ,nd§u'
• ;d, ;nñka ksjerÈ j rnka lúhla .dhkh lrkak'

• jkaku ksjerÈ kdoud,dj wkqj .dhkh lrkak'
• talSh y`v ;,hl msysgd lKavdhï jYfhka jkaku yd rnka
lúhla .dhkh lrkak'
• fnr jdokhg wkqj ;d, ;nñka jkakfï ;dku" lúh yd
rnka lú .dhkh lrkak'
26
rnka lú
• kï W;=ka fmïnr .=K reisre rndkd

oeka fuuka w;ska /f.k lrljñ ukd
fmï is;ska n,kq uekú fofk;a mdñkd
ikaf;diska wikq uekú lSu fjk fjkd
• w;lg f.k rnka fmdäh jh;s Èis reúka

.;is; nò fid,jd is,s is,s ko lrñka
is;lgj;a fkdf.k r`.;s úÿ,sh ú,iska
wyig ouñka w,a,d rndk oE;ska
• ;%súO {dk úÿrE m`ä wfm uy f.!;u kï uqksª ''''''''

t nqÿ jQ f.!;u kï uqksª ''''''''
foiQ oyï weiqug ta ksu,d - úiQ Njh hl=f.ka ;;= oek,d

kid ,kag lsõ Èú wi,d nK - foiQ úÿr mKa`ä;uhs f.!;u
tod t we;= úÿug wd jeÈ yg - mqod t o< fol § ,d oE;g

iod t nqÿ nj me;= ud;d yg - mqod jÈuq wms u,a f.k foda;g
• rglg uõ iu.ska tkeõ ke. hk l, wfm uqKÿs ka

ulfrg .eiQ iq<`.ska tkej ìò iuqÿr ueo .s¨fkka
Wrmsg uõ ;nñka i;shla mSk, f.dv ke.=fkka
wgúis uqks`ÿ nf,ka wmyg wjir ,efnkq ifnka
^wod< jkakï iòyd 11-12-13 msgq n,kak'&
27
ksmqK;dj 4'0 ( YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ne`È .dhkj, miq ìu wOHhkh lrñka
ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kshñ; kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 4'2'3 ( kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo .huq'
bf.kqï m, 4'2'2 (
• kuialdr .d:d yd àld iSmo lú kshñ; kdo ud,djg wkqj
.dhkh lrhs'
• talSh y~;,hl msysgd tal, j yd iduQysl j kuialdr yd àld
iSmo lú .dhkh lrhs'
• iajlSh y`v;,h y÷kd.ksñka lú .dhk bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" lú ,shk ,o mqjre$m;s%ld
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( .=Kd;aul fhojqï Ndú; lrñka iqÿiq bf.kqï l%ufõo
wkqj ls%hdldrlï folla f,i ie,iqï lrkak'
ms h jr 1 ( • 4'1 ksmqK;d uÜgu yd ne|s ls%hdldrlfï oS W.;a kuialdr.d:d

yd ine|s ixialD;sl miqìu ms<sn| f;dr;=re úuiñka flá
idlÉcdjla fufyhùu'
• kuialdr .d:djla Y%jKhg i,iajd mofhka moh .dhkhg
fhduq lrùu'
• ksjeros kdoud,dj wkq.ukh lrñka wNHdi lsÍug u. fmkaùu'
mshjr 2 ( • àld iS mo lúhla Y%jKhg ie,eiaùu'

• .oH yd moH ,laIK ;yjqre jk fia wod< kdoud,djg wkqj
àldj .hñka isiqka .dhkhg fhduq lrùu'
• àld iS mo lú .dhk wNHdilr bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd u. fmkaùu'

we.hSï wjia:d foll oS bgq lrkak'
• ksjerÈ kdoud,djg wkqj kuialdr .d:d bÈßm;a lrkak'
• .oH yd moH ,laIK u;= jk whqßka àld iS mo lúhla bÈßm;a
lrkak'
• talSh y~ ;,hl msysgd iduQysl j lú .dhkh lrkak'
• iajlSh y`v`;,h y÷kd.ksñka lú .dhkh lrkak'
28
kuialdr .d:d
01' iïud iïnqoaO {dfkak - iïud iïnqoaO foaikd

iïud iïnqoaO f,daliañx - iïud iïnqoaO f;a kfuda
02' fïrex úrdð; iux úh nqoaO rdcx

isß oka; id.r iux úh Oïu rdcx
i;a;l+Gmín; iux úh ix> rdcx
isß nqoaO Oïu .=K ix> jrx kudñ
by; kuialdr .d:dfjys fojeks mdofha isß oka; iy ;=kajeks mdofhys i;a;l+G hk jpk
ksjerÈ h' .dhk jHjydrfha § YS% oka; yd i;al+, hkqfjka Ndú; flf¾'
àld iS mo
• fyñka fyñka ''''''''''''''

;j o ''''''''''''' W!rkag" uqjkag" f.dakqkag" idjqkag fjä ;shkak
j,amdrla osf.a lsÜgq lrf.k hkakd jdf.a ''''''''''''''
fyñka fyñka uu f.alg hk l,g ''''''''''''''
tflla weú;a ''''''''''''''
;j o '''''''''''''' w;a;d" uq;a;d" k;a;d" mk;a;d" ls;a;d" lsßls;a;d" fida<shd" mdçhd ldf,a
uyd Wia
lkdgq .ylska fmd,a f.ä mKyla yegla is| fy,kakd jdf.a ''''''''''''''
tflla weú;a '''''''''''''' ÿkakhs uf.a '''''''''''''' msg ueog
t.=á lld ''''''''''''''
;j o '''''''''''''' kekaod ududf.a f.or f.dia
fydoaola n;la ud¨jla lEjd jdf.a ''''''''''''''
t.=á lld '''''''''''''' uu msg ù hk l,g ''''''''''''''
uïu ugu b, weg ke;
;j o kekaod" udud" wdÉÑ" wd;d" yQrd" kEkd iu. ikaf;daI fõ,djl §
fldla y~,d iskdfikakd jdf.a ''''''''''''''
uïu ugu b,weg ke; yskdjg ''''''''''''''
• Wka;ek wghs ''''''''''''''

Wka;ek wghs ;ßlsg fodoafodx ;d
Wka;ek wghs osßlsg fodoafodx ;d
Wka;ek wghs È;a ;ßlsg fodx ;d ''''''''''''''
;ï ;ïok ;k oïok ;k;a;kd kd ;ïok

by< fjf,a hk kEfkda-my< fjf,a hk kEfkda
by< fjf,a f.dka ndkhs - my< fjf,a f.dka ndkhs
w,a,msfhda '''''''''''''' w,a,msfhda ''''''''''''''
;ïok ;ï odk ;dfkkd ''''''''''''''
Wka;ek wghs isá;ek kjhhs mdo ''''''''''''''
29
ksmqK;dj 5'0 ( YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odhka yd ine`È ft;sydisl yd ixialD;sl

miqìu wOHhkh lrñka cd;sl Wreu /l.ekSu iòyd l%shd lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ( k¾;k l,dj yd ine¢ ft;sydisl miqìu ú.%y lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'1'1 ( k¾;k l,dfõ ft;sydisl f;dr;=re úuiuq
bf.kqï m, 5'1'2 ( • jxi l:d yd úfoaYslhkaf.a jd¾;dj,ska k¾;k l,dj ms<sn|

ft;sydisl f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lr.; yels nj m%ldY lrhs'
• k¾;k l,djg rdcH wkq.%yh ,enQ nj ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hj,
we;s idOl u.ska bÈßm;a lrhs'
• wd.ñl yd idudcSh wjYH;d iòyd k¾;k Ndú; l< whqre
ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hj, idOl weiqßka úia;r lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ft;sydisl f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka:" yd wod< m%Yak
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( uydjxih" pQ,jxih yd úfoaYl s hkaf.a jd¾;dj, k¾;k l,dj
ms<sn| we;s f;dr;=re f.dkq lr.kak'
ms h jr 1 ( • 8" 9 fY%aKsj, § bf.k .kakd ,o k¾;k l,dfõ ft;sydisl

miqìu ms<snò fmr oekqu úuiSu ^rE lï" fi,a,sms" ikafoaY
ldjH&
mshjr 2 ( • k¾;k l,djg rdcH wkq.%yh ,enqKq njg f;dr;=re uydjxih

yd pQ,jxih idOl weiqßka idlÉPd lsÍu'
mshjr 3 ( • bnka n;+;d" iams,a n¾.a yd frdnÜ fkdlaiaf.a jd¾;d wkqj

wd.ñl yd idudÔh wjYH;d iòyd k¾;kh fhdod.ekSu
ms<n
s | f;dr;=re idlÉPd lrñka igyka ;nd.ekSug ie,eiaùu'

• k¾;k l,dj ms<sn| ft;sydisl f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lr .;
yels uQ,dY%h ;=kla kï lrkak'
• k¾;k l,djg rdcH wkq.y % h ,enqKq nj uydjxih yd pQ,jxih
idOl weiqßka úuikak'
30

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'2 ( Y%S ,dxflah k¾;k l,dfõ m%j¾Okhg odhl jQjka w.hñka f;dr;=re
bosßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'2'1 ( k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg odhl jQjka w.huq'
bf.kqï m, 5'2'2 ( • k¾;k Ys,amskshka ms<snò Ôjk f;dr;=re /ialrhs'

• k¾;kfha m%j¾Okhg odhl ù we;s wdldrh úia;r lrhs'
• Tjqkaf.a fiajh we.hSu iïnkaO j woyia olajhs'
• mrmqfrka mrmqrg Tjqkg oelaúh hq;= lD;fõÈ;ajh ms<snò j
fhdackd bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ks¾ÈIag k¾;k l,d Ys,amskshka ms<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka: yd
PdhdrEm
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( fuu ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï lsÍug fmr wod< Ys,amskshka ms<sn|
f;dr;=re f.dkq lsÍug fhduq lrjkak'
ms h jr 1 ( • m%ùK k¾;k Ys,m a k

s h
s ka lsym
s fokl=f.a cdhdrEm fmkajd Tjqka
y`ÿkd.ekSug ie,eiaùu'
wdpd¾h jðrd Ñ;%fiak ñh
k¾;k Ys,amskS ñ/kavd fyau,;d ñh
• wod< Ys,amskshka fofokdf.a Ys,amSh l=i,;d yd k¾;k l,dfõ
m%j¾Okhg bgq l< fiajh ms<snò flá idlÉPdjla fufyhùu'
mshjr 2 ( • /f.k wd .%ka:j, we;s úIh lreKq lshjd ;yjqre lr.ekSug

wjia:dj ie,eiaùu'
• isiqka imhdf.k meñKs f;dr;=re iu. ii|d n,d igykla
ms<sfh< lsÍug ie,eiaùu'
mshjr 3 ( • ms<sfh< lrk ,o f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §

idlÉcd lr wjYH f;dr;=re igyka lr.ekSug ie,eiaùu'

• k¾;k wOHdmkfha m%j¾Okh i|yd k¾;k Ys,amskS ñ/kavd
fyau,;d uy;añhf.a odhl;ajh w.hkak'
• wdpd¾h jðrd Ñ;%fiak uy;añh uqød kdgH lafIa;%hg l<
odhl;ajh ms<sn| úia;r lrkak'
31

miqìu wOHhkh lrñka cd;sl Wreuh /l.ekSu iòyd l%shd lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'3 ( YS% ,dxflah .eñkdgl yd ine`È miqìu wOHhkh lr iqúfYaI ,laIK
bÈßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'3'1 ( fidlß .eñ kdglh ms<snò ;;= úuid n,uq'
bf.kqï m, 5'3'2 ( • fidlß foaYSh .eñ kdglhla nj m%ldY lrhs'

• fidlß kdglh m%p,s; m%foaY yd meje;aùfï wruqKq úia;r
lrhs'
• fidlß l:d m%jD;a;sh mjihs'
• fidlß .eñ kdglfhys .dhk jdok yd rx. jia;%dNrK ms<snò
woyia olajhs'
• fidlß .eñ kdgHfhys pß; ksrEmK ms<snò úpdrd;aul j
woyia bÈßm;a lrhs'
• .eñkdgl wNdjhg hd fkd§ wdrlaId lr.ekSug fhdackd
bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( fidlß .eñ kdglh ms<snò f;dr;=re we;=<;a .%ka:" f;dr;=re m;s%ld
yd mska;+r" ùäfhda mg
ms h jr 1 ( • fidlß kdglfhys .dhkhla iu. rx.khla fyda kdglfhys

fldgia lsysmhla keröug" .dhkh fldgila Y%jKh lsÍug
i,iajd YsIH idOk uÜgu ksÍlaIKh lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • fidlß kdglh ms<snò f;dr;=re iòyka .%ka: yd Wmqgd .kakd

,o f;dr;=re iòyka m;%sld lKavdhïj,g fnod §u'
• fidlß m%p,s; m%foaY yd fidlß kdgl lKavdhï'
• meje;aùfï wruqKq" mj;ajk ia:dk
• fidlß l:d m%jD;a;sh
• fidlß kdgHfhys pß; yd .dhkd
• rx. NdKav" rx. jia;%dNrK yd fjia.ekaùï hk ud;Dld
lKavdhï w;r fnod §" f;dr;=re f.dkq lsÍug fhduq
lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • lKavdhï l%shdldrlïj,ska f.dkq lrk ,o f;dr;=re bÈßm;a

lrùu'
• bÈßm;a lrk ,o f;dr;=re w.hñka wod< úIh lreKq ;jÿrg;a
ie,iqï lr igyka lr.ekSug ie,eiaùu'
32

• foaYSh .eñ kdgl kï lrkak'
• fidlß kdglh m%p,s; m%foaY yd meje;aùfï wruqKq olajkak'
• fidlß l:d mqj; fláfhka úia;r lrkak'
• fidlß lúhla .hkak'
• .eñ kdgl wNdjhg hd fkd§ ixrlaIKh lr .; yels fhdackd
bÈßm;a lrkak'
f;dr;=re m;s%ldj
foaYSh .eñ kdgl - fidlß" flda,ï" kdv.ï" rElv'
fidlß m%p,s; m%foaY - ud;f,a" l¿kaoEj" y`.r

= kafl;" fyajdyeg" nÿ,a," fldkl,.," oUq,,
a "
jkaks m%foaY
meje;aùfï wruqKq - iY%Sl;ajh

mQcd¾:h
fi!Nd.Hh
.ug" rgg fi;a Ydka;shla Wod lr.ekSu
jix.; frda. yd iajdNdúl úm;a wdÈfhka ñ§u
úfkdaodiajdoh'
fidlß l:d mqj; - ldis foaYfha isg meñKs .=reydñ" fidlß mrhd fuka u ;Urdúg
fjord," ld,s wïud" fid;a;dkd hk pß; uq,a lrf.k f.dvke.S
we;s l:d mqj;'
m%dfoaYSh fjkialï - uykqjr m%foaYfha ûd;f,a" kqjr" yÕ=rkafl;''''& fidlß kdglh rÕ

±laùfï § .egfnrh o" jkaks m%foaYj, ^wkqrdOmqr" mq;a;,u'''''''&
fidlß kdglh rÕ ±laùfï § jdµ NdKav f,i Wvelalsh o" W!j
m%foaYfha ^nÿ,a," l¿kaoEj''''& fidlß kdglh rÕ ±laùfï § ojq, o
jdµ NdKavh f,i Ndú; lsÍu m%dfoaYSh wkkH;djls'
l:d m%jD;a;sfhys o m%dfoaYSh jYfhka iq¿ fjkialï ;snqK o uqLH
mrud¾:h fmdÿ h'
.dhkh - m%Odk .dhlhl= yd w;a je,a .dhlfhla iyNd.s fõ'
pß; y÷kajd §fï lú"
fidlßh
w÷ka.dkakS fk;afol Tuß lrka kS
u,a .jikakS fldKavh f.d;d fy,ka kS
f;davq oukakS mj,ï ud, n|ska kS
fia, w|skakS fmdglska Tuß lrka kS
mrhd
b;sx lshkafka ;=kajeks jrg kgka fka
mrhd tkafka jgmsg ks;r n,ka fka
lgfodv jkafka .sh .sh ;ek fmrf,ka fka
fldla y`v,kafka fidlßh foihs n,ka fka
33
jdokh - ir, fnrmo weiqßka f.dvke.S we;' ueÿï

ûd;%d 3& ;ks ;s;g wh;a fnr mo Ndú; fõ'
rx. jia;%dNrK - tla tla pß; wkqj kshu jQ rx. jia;% Ndú; fjhs'
mrhd" fjord, jeks pß; i|yd fjia uqyqKq Ndú; lrhs'
w;S;fha fidlß pß;h iòyd o fjiauqyqKq Ndú; lr we;'
ieris,s - u,a hyk we;=¿ wfkl=;a ieris,s'
rx. N+ñh - lu;
34

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'4 ( YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odhka yd ine¢ Ydka;sl¾uj, iqúfYaI
,laIK ;=,kd;aul j olajhs'
l%shdldrlu 5'4'1 ( fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj yd myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾u
ms<sn| f;dr;=re ;=,kd;aul j bÈßm;a lruq'
bf.kqï m, 5'4'2 ( • fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj" myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾u
yd ine¢ l;d mqj;aj, wka;¾.; iudc wdl,am úia;r lrhs'
• tu Ydka;sl¾u meje;aùfï wruqKq olajhs'
• tu Ydka;sl¾uj, wka;¾.; .dhk" jdok" k¾;k" rx.
jia;%dNrK" ieris,s yd rx. NdKavj, iqúfYaI ,laIK
;=,kd;aul j bosßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( rEm igyka" oDYHmg" jdoH NdKav" ld¾hh m;s%ldj

ms h jr 1 ( • ks¾foaY lr we;s Ydka;sl¾u ;=k ms<sn| j my; i|yka ud;Dld

Tiafia flá idlÉcdjla fufyh ùu'
• mqrdjD;a; l:d
• meje;aùug fya;=
• mqo ,nk foújre yd hl=ka
• k¾;k" .dhk" jdok yd pdß;%
• rx. NdKav
• rx. jia;%dNrK
• m%Odk ieris,s
mshjr 2 ( • ld¾h m;s%ldj m%o¾Ykh lr isiqka ls%hdldrlfuys fhduq lrùu'

• iïmQ¾K lrk ,o ld¾h m;s%ldj weiqßka Ydka;sl¾u ms<sn|
f;dr;=re ;=,kd;aul j f.dkq lsÍug wjYH u. fmkaùu yd
Wmfoia ,nd §u'
• lKavdhï jYfhka f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §
oDYHmg" rEmigyka Ndú; lr wod< lreKq ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y
lsÍu'

• fldfydUd hla lxldßh" fofjd,a uvqj" myka uvqj meje;aùfï
wruqKq úia;r lrkak'
• k¾;k" .dhk" jdok" rx. NdKav yd rx. jia;%dNrK ms<sn|
;=,kd;aul j woyia olajkak'
• fuu l;d mqj;a ;=<ska iudchg ,nd fok hym;a wdl,am
úia;r lrkak'
35
ld¾h m;s%ldj
fldfydUd hla lxldßh fofjd,a uvqj myka uvqj
mqrdjD;a; l:dj
^fláfhka&
meje;aùfï wruqKq
mqo ,nk foújre

yd hl=ka
k¾;k wx.
.dhk wx.
jdok wx.
rx. NdKav
rx. jia;%dNrK
m%Odk ieris,s
36
ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd úúO l,dx.j, iqúfYaI ,laIK

úpdrhg ,la lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'1 ( YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH l,dfõ miqìu ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 6'1'1 ( YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& l,dfõ m%Njhg n,mE lreKq úuid
n,uq'
bf.kqï m, 6'1'2 ( • YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& hkak y÷kajhs'

• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿j,& iqúfYaI ,laIK úuihs'
• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& l,dfõ wdrïNh yd úldYkh
ms<sn| lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
• YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHh ^b.sk¿& m%dix.sl j bÈßm;a lsÍug
Ndú; lr we;s úê l%u ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgH ^b.sk¿& ms<sn| f;dr;=re wka;¾.; .%ka:"
oDYHmg yd PdhdrEm
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( 1930 oYlfha isg 1960 olajd ld,h ;=< YS% ,dxflah uqød
kdgH ^b.sk¿& l,dfjys f;dr;=re ie,ls,a,g .kak'
ms h jr 1 ( • oDYHmg" cdhdrEm yd ,sÅ; igyka Ndú; lrñka uqød kdgH

^b.sk¿& l,dfõ wdrïNh yd úldYkh ms<sn| f;dr;=re
idlÉcd lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • wod< .%ka: weiqre lr.ksñka lreKq igyka lr.ekSug fhduq

lrùu'

• 1930 oYlfha isg 1960 olajd YS% ,dxflah uqød kdgHh ^b.sk¿&
l,dfõ wdrïNh yd miqìu úia;r lrkak'
37
ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd úúO l,dx.j, iqúfYaI ,laIK úpdrhg
,la lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'2 ( iïNdjH uqød kdgHhla krUd úpdrhg ,la lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 6'2'1 ( l,d lD;shl ri ñysr mjiuq' ^lrÈh$l+ô l;dj&
bf.kqï m, 6'2'2 ( • uqød kdgHhg mdol jQ l;d mqj; úia;r lrhs'

• l;d mqj;ska úoHudk Ôjk oelau úia;r lrhs'
• pß; úldYh iòyd k¾;k fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh ms<snò
woyia olajhs'
• l,d;aul ,laIK ;Sj% lsÍu iòyd ix.S;h" rx. jia;%dNrK"
fõÈld ieris,s" wdf,dallrKh wdÈh fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh
úpdrd;aul j we.hSug ,la lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( oDYH mg" mska;+r
ms h jr 1 ( • lrÈh$l+ô l;dj uqød kdgHfhys fldgia lsysmhla keröug

ie,eiaùu' krUk ,o fldgia weiqßka" uqød kdgHfhys
ks¾udKlre" l:d m%jD;a;sh yd ta ;=<ska ksrEms; w¾:h" iqúfYaI
pß; yd pß; úldYkh iòyd k¾;kh fhdod.ekSu " ix.S;h"
rx. jia;%dNrK" fõÈld ieris,s" wdf,dallrKh" fhdod.ekSu
ms<snò idlÉPd lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • f;dard .;a uqød kdgH fldgia lsysmhla kej; keröug i,iajd
ta ms<sn| wOHhkh fldg f;dr;=re idlÉcd lr wjYH lreKq
igyka lr.ekSug fhduq lsÍu'

• lrÈh$l+ôl;dj uqød kdgHhg miqìï jQ l;d mqj; fláfhka
,shkak'
• f;audj úldYkh iòyd k¾;k fhdodf.k we;s wdldrh úia;r
lrkak'
• lrÈh$l+ô l;dj uqød kdgHfhys oelsh yels iqúfYaI ,laIK
ms<snò fláfhka y÷kajkak'
38
ksmqK;dj 6'0 ( ri{;d j¾Okh i|yd úúO l,dx.j, iqúfYaI ,laIK úpdrhg
,la lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 6'3 ( fjk;a ixialD;shlg wh;a k¾;k iïm%odh wOHhkh lrñka
f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 6'3'1 ( l:l,s k¾;kfhys ;;= úuiuq'
bf.kqï m, 6'3'2 (
• l:l,s hkak w¾: olajhs'
• l:l,s m%p,s; m%foaY yd ta yd ne¢ iqúfYaI wdh;k kï lrhs'
• l:l,s ix.S; iïm%odh yd jdoH NdKav kï lrhs'
• fuu k¾;k iïm%odh wdyd¾h wNskfhka fmdfydi;a nj m%ldY
lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( oDYHmg" PdhdrEm" f;dr;=re m;%sldj" we.hSï m%Yakdj,sh" ld¾h

m;s%ld wxl 01
ms h jr 1 ( • 8" 9 fYa%Ksj, W.;a bka§h k¾;k iïm%odhka" m%p,s; m%foaY

ms<sn| fmr oekqu úuiSu'
• l:l,s k¾;k wx. iys; ùäfhda mghla keröug ie,eiaùu
fyda l:l,S k¾;k wjia:d iys; PdhdrEm u.ska fuu k¾;k
iïm%odh y÷kd.ekSug i,iajd (
• l:l,s jpkd¾:h
• ix.S; iïm%odh yd jdoH NdKav
• fõY ksrEmKh
• wOHdmk wdh;k
• wdyd¾H wNskfhka fmdfydi;a nj ms<sn| idlÉPd lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • f;dr;=re m;%sldj ,nd § ta ms<snò wOHkh lsÍug fhduq lrùu

yd idlÉPd lsÍu
mshjr 3 • we.hSï m%Yakdj,sh ,nd § Bg ms<s;=re iemhSug wjia:dj ,nd

§u

idlÉPd lrk ,o lreKq yd fok ,o f;dr;=re m;s%ldj weiqßka Bg
wod< we.hSï m%Yakdj,shg ,nd § we;s ms<s;=re we.hSug ,la lrkak'
39
we.hSï m%Yakdj,sh
iqÿiq jpk fhdod ysia ;eka mqrjkak'
• l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh olaIsK Ndr;fha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' m%dka;fha m%Njh jqjls'

• l:l,s i|yd wOHdmk wdh;khla ìys jqfha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''' j¾Ifha § h' th '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
l,d uKav,ï kï úh'
• olaIsK Ndr;Sh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ix.S; iïm%odh u; f.dvke.=Kq l:l,sys m%Odk jdoH
NdKavh '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' hs'
• fuys m%Odk .dhlhd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' kï jk w;r wkq .dhlhd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
kï fjhs'
f;dr;=re m;%sldj
l:l,s hkq l:d m%jD;a;shla wNskfhka yd kD;H ,S,djkaf.ka bÈßm;a lrkq ,nk oDYH
ldjHhls' l:l,s k¾;kfhys kscìu olaIsK Ndr;fhys flar< m%dka;h hs' foaj úYajdi mokï
jq fuu k¾;k iïm%odh wd.ñl mqo mqcd" .eñ kegqï yd .eñ kdgl wdY%fhka ìys jQjls'
uydlú j,a,f;da,a kdrdhka fukka úiska l:l,s k¾;k iïm%odh ks¾udKh lrk ,oafoa
flar<fha foaj ukaÈrhkays Wreulaldrhka jq plalsh¾jreka .%du foaj mqcdj, § bÈßm;a lrk ,o
plalsh¾ l+;a;= yd l+ä wdÜgï jeks .eñ kegqï yd 16 jeks ishjfia flar<fha úiq fldÜgdrlalrfha
;dïmqrï m%dfoaYSh rcq ks¾udKh l< —rdukdÜgï˜ yd le,slÜys iefudßka rcq ks¾udKh l<
ls%IaKdÜgï jeks wd.ñl .eñ kdglhkays wdNdih ,nñks' 1930 § l:l,s k¾;kh m%p,s; lsÍu
i|yd —flar< l,d uKav,ï˜ hkqfjka l:l,s W.kajk wdh;khla o msysgq jk ,§'
olaIsK Ndr;Sh l¾Kdgl ix.S;h wdNdifhka fuys ix.S;h ilia ù we;' fpkavdj iy
uoao,h m%Odk jdoH NdKav fõ' mxpjdoHï ^tvelal" b,;d,ï" fpx.s,ï yd l=ïnq kï iqisr& jdoH
NdKav jdokh i|yd fhdod .efka' .dhk fkdue;s j l:l,s r`. oelaúh fkdyels h' fuys
.dhlfhda fofofkls' m%Odk .dhlhd —fmdkakdks˜ jk w;r wkq .dhlhd —Ysxlsäh˜ îsxlsä&
l:l,s wdyd¾h wNskfhka fmdfydi;a k¾;k iïm%odhls' pß;j,g wkqj b;d úÑ;%j;a
whqßka ieliqKq rx. jia;%dNrK Ndú; jk w;r Bg u .e<fmk ixlS¾K fõI ksrEmK Ndú; fjhs'
tajd ñkslal= mÉpd" l;a;S" ;dã" ldÍ" fvmamq jYfhka fjka fjka j we;' ysia m<|kd jYfhka lS%gï
^TgqKq& j¾. ;=kla o Ndú; flf¾'
l:l,s k¾;k Ys,amSyq ixjdofhys fyda .dhkfhys fkdfhfo;s' N.joa.S;dj" rdudhKh

jeks ldjH .%ka:j, tk l:d m%jD;a;s miqìï .dhkfhka bÈßm;a lrk w;r k¾;k Ys,amSyq yia;
uqød yd wNskh fhdodf.k .dhkfhys woyi kegqfuka ksrEmKh lr;s' l:l,s k¿jl=g iqLkuH
isrerla yd wjhj uekúka yiqrejd .ekSfï Yla;shla o" ri ksIam;a;shg WÑ; jq uqyqKska ye`.Sï
m%ldY lsÍfï yelshdj yd wNskh mEfï ksmqK;ajhla o ;sìh hq;= h'
40
ksmqK;dj 7'0 ( w;aoelSï weiqre lr.ksñka úúO l,dx. ks¾udKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( kdgH .S;hlg k¾;k ks¾udKh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 7'1'1 ( fõÈld kdgH .Shg k¾;k ks¾udKh lruq'
bf.kqï m, 7'1'2 ( • f;dard.;a .S;h ms<snò idlÉPd lrhs'

• ksjerÈ kdo rgdj wkqj .S;h .dhkh lrhs'
• .S;hg WÑ; p,k fhdod .ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh lrhs'
• ks¾udKh id¾:l lr.ekSug lKavdhfï iEu idudðlfhla
u Wmß u odhl;ajh ,nd fohs'
• iduQysl;ajh w.hñka" wka whf.a woyiaj,g .re lrhs'
• m%dix.sl k¾;k wx.hla ks¾udKh lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( Y%jH mg" fnr" ;d,ïmg weuqKqu
ms h jr 1 ( • wod< kdgH .S; fol Y%jKh lsÍug ie,eiaùu yd ta ms<snò

idlÉPd lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • k¾;k ks¾udKh lsÍug leu;s .S;hla f;dard .ekSu'

• f;dard .;a .S;h Y%jKh lsÍu yd .dhkh'
• .S;hg WÑ; f,i k¾;k ks¾udKh lsÍug u. fmkaùu'
mshjr 3 ( • tla tla lKavdhï lrk ,o ks¾udKh bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï

lrùu'
• bÈßm;a lrk ,o k¾;k ks¾udK ms<snò woyia oelaùug
wjia:dj ie,iSu yd tajd w.h lrñka idlÉPd lsÍu'

• f;dard.;a .S;h ms<snò f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrkak'
• .S;hg wkqj lrk ,o k¾;k ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrkak'
41
weuqKu
q
yksl jfrõ fld,a,fka fukak fufy jfrõ '''''''''' $$

fukak fufy jfrõ fld,a,fka kg kgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$
f;dmsg yßu jdishla kgkgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$
jefâ wudre;a ke;s ;E.s ál;a wms wf;a '''''''''' $$

r;a;rkska f.jkafka ysre foúfhdhs lshkafka '''''''''' $$
fukak fufy jfrõ fld,a,fka kgkgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$
f;dmsg yßu jdishla kg kgd jfrõ '''''''''' $$
yksl jfrõ fld,a,fka fukak fufy jfrõ '''''''''' $$
idÿ idÿ lsh,a,d - m%S;s f>daId lr,a,d '''''''''' $$

ysre foúÿf. f.dm,af,da lkao Wäka jfr,a,d '''''''''' $$
ysre foúÿf. yrla .;a;= yrla fydrd fydh,a,d '''''''''' $$
f,dafl jfÜ f.dys,a,d yrla fydrd fydh,a,d '''''''''' $$
ysre foúÿf. yrla .;a;= yrla fydrd fydh,a,d '''''''''' $$
jkka;f¾ fydhdmsfhda - .,a wrfò fydhdmsfhda

jk l;f¾ fydhdmsfha - ñksia jdfia fydhdmsfhda
l`ÿ uqÿfka" .x bjqf¾" jkka;f¾ fydhdmsfhda
ysre foúÿf. f.dm,af,da wms" wmsg foúfhd n,dmsfhda '''''''''' $$
rx wNrK me,ò.;a;= uyfmdf<dfõ rka jmqrk
ysre foúfhda n,dmsfhda '''''''''' $$
yrla fydrd fidhd.kak ish¨ foúfhda msysg úfhda ''''''''''
´ '' ´ '' ´ '' ''''''''''''''''
• .%Sl kdglhla weiqßka nkaÿ, chj¾Ok Y+Íka ks¾udKh l< fnr y~

wkqj¾;k kdgHfha celaika weka;kS m%uqL lKavdhu fuu .S;h
.dhkh lrñka r`.;s'
fuu .sïydk .S%iau jQ ldf,a

wfma WoHdfka lS%vd iemd foa
hi ruHd jQ iekaoEjlS fï
iQ¾hhd hhs neiS - pkaøhd ths ke.S

ì`.= rdYS uÿ f,daf,ka yeisfrkakd $$
fldals,d § mlaIs .S; /õfoa kef.a
• rpl ( kS;s{ pd¾,aia vhia ^úÿr kdgH kQ¾;sh&
42
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( pß; iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh jk mßÈ wx. rpkh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 7'2'1 ( fõÈld k¾;khlg WÑ; wx. rpkhla f.dv k`.uq'
bf.kqï m, 7'2'2 ( • ir, wx. rpkh hkq l=ulaoehs úia;r lrhs'

• wx. rpkfha wjYH;dj ms<snò woyia olajhs'
• wx. rpkd wdf,amk f;darhs'
• wx. rpkd Ys,aml%u y`ÿkd.ksñka fõosld k¾;khla
iòyd wx. rpkh lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wx. rpkd lÜg," PdhdrEm" ùäfhdamg
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqï iòyd Wmfoia (
mshjr 1 ( • wx. rpkd m%o¾Ykh jk PdhdrEm" ùäfhdamg m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

• ir, wx. rpk ms<snò isiq woyia úuiSu'
• wx. rpkd wdf,amk øjH y`ÿkd.ekSug ie,eiaùu'
• wx. rpkd lsÍug iqÿiq mßirhla yd wjYH øjH imhd .ekSu'
^ksjerÈ wdf,dal ;;a;j
a h" msßisÿ jd;dY%h yd isi,
s a nj" o¾mKhla"
c,h" wdf,amk øjH yd WmlrK&
mshjr 2 ( • mka;sfha isák isiqka ixLHdj wkqj l=vd lKavdhïj,g fn§u'

• ir, wx. rpkdjg WodyrK iemhSu'
• wx. rpkd øjH Ndú; lrñka fõosld k¾;khla i|yd iqÿiq
ir, wx. rpkd f.dvke.Sug fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • isiq wx. rpk ks¾udK m%o¾Ykh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'

• fiiq ks¾udK ksÍlaIKhg ,la lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'
• ks¾udK ms<snò woyia yd fhdackd úuiñka isiq l%shdldrlï
w.hñka wx. rpkh ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

wjYH W;aij wjia:dj, § o isiqkag wx. rpkh lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd
§ w.hkak'
• ir, wx. rpkdjla isÿ lrk ksjerÈ mshjr iòyka lrkak'
• ir, wx. rpkdjl wjYH;dj ms<snò jdlH ;=kla ,shkak'
• wx. rpkh lsÍfuka k`Mjdg we;s m%fhdack folla ,shkak'
43
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( pß; iajNdjh m%o¾Ykh jk mßÈ wx. rpkh lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 7'2'2 ( i;a;aj pß; i|yd ir, wx. rpkhla lruq'
bf.kqï m, 7'2'3 ( • i;a;aj wx. rpkhla hkq" l=ulaoehs úia;r lrhs'

• ks¾udK ld¾hfha § wkq.ukh l< hq;= l%shd ms<sfj;a úia;r
lrhs'
• ;%sudk ,laIK u;= lsÍug j¾K .e,mSu l< hq;= nj ms<s.kshs'
• úúO l%ufõohka u.ska" i;a;aj wx. rpkd ks¾udKh l< yels
nj m%ldY lrhs'
• fiiq whf.a ks¾udK w.h lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( wx. rpk WmlrK yd øjH" PdhdrEm" ùäfhdamg
ms h jr 1 ( • wx. rpkd m%o¾Ykh jk PdhdrEm iy ùäfhda mg m%o¾Ykh

lsÍu'
• i;a;aj pß;j,g wx. rpkh lsÍu ms<snò isiq woyia úuiSu'
• i;a;aj pß;j,g wx. rpkh lsÍfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;=
lreKq ms<sn| idlÉcd lsÍu'
• i;a;aj pß; wx. rpkh l%u Ys,am yd ta iòyd wjYH wdf,amk
øjH y`ÿkajd §u'
mshjr 2 ( • i;a;aj pß; i|yd wx. rpkhg WodyrK imhñka

lKavdhïj,g iqÿiq ud;Dld ,nd §u'
• o< igyka we`§ug u. fmkaùu' o< igykg wkqrEmS f,i
pß; iy yev;, Ndú;fhka wx. rpk ks¾udKh lsÍug
fhduq lrùu'
mshjr 3 ( • lKavdhï jYfhka isiq ks¾udK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u

• wfkl=;a ks¾udK ksÍlaIKhg ,la lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'
• ñksia yd i;a;aj pß; wx. rpkj, fjkialï ms<snò
úuiSu'
• isiq l%h
s dldrlï w.hñka idlÉPd lr ;su
% dk ,laIK u;= lsÍug
j¾K Ndú; lrk wdldrh úia;r lsÍu'

i;a;aj wx. rpkdjla ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd wOHhkh l< hq;= uQ,sl
lreKq iòyka lrkak'
• i;a;aj pß; wx. rpkd iòyd Ndú; lrk wdf,amk øjH 02la
kï lrkak
• ;%sudk nj u;= lsÍu iòyd j¾K Ndú; l< hq;= iajNdjh
ms<snò jdlH 02 la ,shkak'
44
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'3 ( foaYh

s k¾;k iïm%odh yd ine`È rx. jia;d% NrK wdlD;shla ks¾udKh
lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 7'3'1 ( idïm%odhsl rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,hl wdlD;shla youq'
bf.kqï m, 7'3'2 ( • foaYSh k¾;k iïm%odhj, rx. jia;%dNrK ms<snò j y`ÿkajhs'

• ta ta we`ÿï lÜg, iòyd Ndú; wuqøjH yd j¾K ms<snò woyia
bÈßm;a lrhs'
• ukd ksudjlska hq;= rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lrhs'
• ks¾udKh lrk ,o rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;s ms<snò úpdrh
lrñka woyia bÈßm;a lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhjqï 7'3'2 ( idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg,hla$ idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg,j,
PdhdrEm
ls%hdldrlu ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia ( fuu mdvu i|yd fmr iQodku w;HjYH fõ'
mshjr 1 • isiqka /ia lr.;a idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg, we;=<;a PdhdrEm

iïm%odhka ;=kg wh;a jk fia j¾. lsÍug fhduq lrùu'
• iïm%odhka wkqj fjka lr.;a PdhdrEm weiqßka we`ÿï lÜg,
y`ÿkd.ekSug u. fmkaùu'
• idïm%odhsl we`ÿï lÜg,j, Ndú; j¾K" yev;," wuqøjH
ms<sn| úia;r lr mka;s ldurh ;=< rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,hla
ilia lsÍfï § wuqøjH f;dard .; hq;= wdldrh ms<snò idlÉPd
lsÍu'
mshjr 2 • ks¾udKh lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg,

iòyd o< igykla ks¾udKh lsÍu
• o< igyk ilia lsÍfï § kshñ; ññ m%udKh yd idïm%odhsl
,laIK wdrlaId lr.ekSug wjYH Wmfoia ,nd§u'
• rx. jia;%dNrK lÜg, wdlD;s ks¾udKhg fhduq lsÍu'
mshjr 3 • ks¾udKh lrk ,o rx. jia;%dNrK wdlD;s m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'

• ks¾udK ms<snò wkH woyia bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd §
ks¾udKhka w.hñka tajd ixj¾Okh lr.; yels wdldrh ms<
s n
s ò
idlÉPd lsÍu'
• rx. jia;% wdlD;sfha o< ie,eiaula w`Èkak'
• m%o¾Ykhla i|yd rx. jia;d% NrK wdlD;shla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• fiiq ks¾udK w.hñka woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'
45
ksmqK;dj 8'0 ( k¾;k l,dfjka ,efnk udkisl yd YdÍßl iajia:;dj id¾:l Èú

fmfj;la .; lsÍug bjy,a lr .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1 ( udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
l%shdldrlu 8'1'1 ( zk¾;kfhka uki iqjm;a lr .ksuqZ
bf.kqï m< 8'1'2 ( • udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï úêl%u bÈßm;a lrhs'
• udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<snò woyia olajhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( weuqKqu 1
ms h jr 1 ( • m%dix.sl k¾;k jevigykla keröug isik q g wjia:dj ie,iSu

fyda úúO m%ix.hla krUñka isá fyda tys l%shdldÍ ù isá
fudfyd;l ye`.Sï ms<snò j u;lhg kexùu'
• k¾;khg fhda.H udkisl iQodku fuka u k¾;kfha fh§fuka
,nk udkisl iqj;dj ms<sn| úuiSu' ^l,d lD;shla keröfï §
fma%laIlhl= f,i wmg ±fkk udkisl ;Dma;sh" Ys,amshl= f,i
YlH;d m%o¾Ykh lrk úg ,efnk ldhsl yd udkisl iqj;dj&
fma%laIl m%;spdr ,efnk úg Ys,amshl=g ,efnk udkisl ;Dma;sh
fjk;a lsisjl=g;a fkd,efnk nj idlÉPd lsÍu'
mshjr 2 ( • udkisl iqj;dj yd k¾;k bf.kqï l%shdldrlï w;r

we;s ióm iïnkaO;dj úuiSu'
mshjr 3 ( • iïNdjH l,dlD;S k a krUd ri ú£fuka ukd wdl,a m "

ks¾udKd;aul yd úpdrd;aul Ñka;kh j¾Okh jk nj idlÉPd
lsÍu'

• udkisl iajia:;dj mss<snò ye`Èkaùula lrkak'
• udkisl iajia:;dj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug k¾;kh bf.kSu
n,mdkafka flfia ±hs ir, jdlH follska úia;r lrkak'
46
úIh wka;¾.;h (
iajia:;dj hkak YdÍßl ;;a;aj blaujd f.dia udkisl" idudÔh yd wdOHd;añl me;slv o
we;=<;a jk ixisoaêhls' <uhl=f.a Ñka;kh" l%shdj" Ñ;a;fõ.Sh m%ldYk yd p¾hd rgd ksÍlaIKh
lrñka ,nd.kakd f;dr;=re wkqj Tyqf.a udkisl iajia:;dj ms<sn| ks.ukj,g t<ôh yels h'
udkisl jYfhka kSfrda.S <uhska ;u jhig wkql+, p¾hd m%;spdr olaj;s' hul=g ;u
ffoksl lghq;= ukd j yiqrejdf.k idudkH Ôú;hla .; l< yels kï" Tyq udkisl iajia:;dfjkaa
hqla; fõ' ta wkqj <uhl=f.a udkisl iajia:;dj ms<sn| ks.ukh l< yels h' ûÜgï y`ÿkd.;
yels wdldr fõ'&
01' <uhska yeisfrk wdldrh wkqj
02' iudch wkqj yev.eiSfï yelshdj
03' Ôú;fha úúO wjia:dj, § <uhska fhda.H f,i m%;spdr olajk wdldrh
04' ;u iujhia i.hkag N+ñld wdo¾Y iemhSu
05' jhig iß,k fm!reI j¾Okhlska hqla; ùu
06' újD; nj" úYajdijka; nj yd wd;au úYajdifhka hq;= j l%shd lssÍu
07' ;uka ms<snò Okd;aul iajdNsudkfhka hq;= j l%shd lsÍu
08' w¨;a f;dr;=re oek.ekSfï we;s Wkkaÿj
09' ;u .eg¨ yd .egqï ukd f,i yiqrejd .ekSu'
<uqkaf.a udkisl iajia:;dj, fjkialï isÿ jkafka ixlS¾K f,i <uhdf.a j¾Ok wjê
flfrys n,mdk úúO idOl fya;=fjks' fuu idOl fldgia follg fjka l< yels h'
01' cdkuh idOl fyj;a wdruh idOl

02' mdßißl idOl
cdkuh idOl hkq" <uhska ;u fouõmshkaf.ka Wreu lr.;a .=Kdx. fõ' tfia u <uqkaf.a
udkisl iajia:;dj flfrys n,mdk mßir idOl fldgia folls'
01' Ôj úoHd;aul mdrsißl idOl

02' fN!;sl mdßißl idOl
udkisl yd ldhsl ixj¾Okh iòyd wjia:dj imhd §u u.ska udkisl iqj;dj ksrdhdifhka
jeä ÈhqKq fõ' ta wkqj wkHhkaf.a Wmldrl ueÈy;a ùu wjYH <uhska" Tjqkaf.a p¾hd rgd u.ska
y`ÿkd.; yels h' ;j o tlS <uqka olajk úúO yeisÍï iòyd fya;= y`ÿkdf.k ksjerÈ u.g fhduq
lsÍug o iu;a úh hq;= h'
47
ksmqK;dj 8'0 ( k¾;k l,dfjka ,efnk udkisl yd YdÍßl iajia:;dj id¾:l Èú

fmfj;la .; lsÍug bjy,a lr .kshs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2 ( udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd .ekSug k¾;k l%shdldrlï bjy,a jk
whqre úuihs'
l%shdldrlu 8'2'1 ( zksisfia kguq' iqjfia fjfiuq'Z
bf.kqï m, 8'2'2 ( • k¾;k l%shdldrlï u.ska ,nd.;a w;aoelSï úia;r lrhs'

• udkisl iajia:;dj yd k¾;k lsh
% dldrlï w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj
úia;r lrhs'
• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfuka ,efnk YlH;djka ms < s n ò
wjfndaOfhka hq;= j k¾;kfha fhfoa'
• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfï wjYH;d w.hñka woyia olajhs'
• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfuka ,efnk YlH;d id¾:l Èú fmfj;la
.; lsÍug bjy,a jk nj m%ldY lrhs'
.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( ld¾h m;s%ldj 1" mska;+r" VCD
ms h jr 1 ( • k¾;khl fh§ isák o¾Ykhla" msk;a r

+ hla m%o¾Ykh lr" k¾;k
l%shdldrlï udkisl iajia:;dj j¾Okhg fya;= jk nj flá
-fhka idlÉPd lsÍu'
• ld¾h m;%sldj 1 lKavdhï w;r fnod §u'
• wjYH Wmfoia ,ndfoñka lKavdhï l%shdldrlfuys fhoùu'
mshjr 2 ( • lKavdhïj,g ms<s;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd§u'

• ish¨ u lKavdhï ms<s;=re bÈßm;a l< miq ,ndÿka ms<s;=re
w.h lsÍu'
• wjYH lreKq igyka lr .ekSug ie,eiaùu'

• k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfï jeo.;alu ms<snò fláfhka úia;r
lrkak'
• .S;hla wkqj k¾;k ks¾udK iuQy l%shdldrlñka j¾Okh lr
.; yels l=i,;d ;=kla ,shkak'
• id¾:l Èú fmfj;la .; lsÍug k¾;k l%shdldrlï ;=<ska
,nd.; yels w;aoelSï folla ,shkak'
48
ld¾h m;%sldj 1
I Tn jvd;a m%sh lrk k¾;k l%shdldrlu kï lrkak'
k¾;kfha § wx." m%;Hx. yd Wmdx. w;r iïnkaO;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu
úia;r lrkak'
II k¾;k ks¾udKhla lsÍfï § ,efnk w;aoelSï fm< .iajkak'
iunr iy hym;a udkisl is;=ú,s we;s lr.ekSug n,mE k¾;k ks¾udK l%shdlrlï
fudkjdoehs ,shkak'
III k¾;k l,dj yeoEÍfuka w;am;a lr.; yels YdÍßl l=i,;d ms<snò w.hñka flá
igykla ,shkak'
úIh wka;¾.;h
uq,sl wjYH;d
m%fõKsh ixj¾Okh
mßirh udkisl iajia:;dj mjq,

^ks¾Kdhl&
wdOHd;auh iudch
wOHdmksl mßirh
by; iòyka udkisl iqj;dj mj;ajd .ekSfï úêl%u lSmhls' fi!kao¾hd;aul mßir
idOl w;a ú¢k <uhl= fj; tajd myiqfjka <`.d lr .; yel'
01' k¾;kfha fh§u
02' úúO .dhk" jdok l:d mqj;aj,g ijka §u
03' m%dix.sl wx. keröu
04' j¾Kj;a úis;=re rx. jia;%dNrK Ndú;h
05' rx. ieris,s yd rx. NdKav ieliSu
06' úúO f;audjka wkqj rx.kh yd N+ñld ksrEmKh
fufia úfYaIfhka k¾;k úIh yodrk <uhl= fj; by; lS udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajd
.ekSu jeo.;a wdldr lsysmhls'
01' ks¾udKd;aul l%shdldrlï iòyd bÈßm;a ùu'
02' l,d lD;s we.hSug ,la lsÍu'
03' m%dix.sl l,d wx.hka ms<snò j ksjerÈ we.hSula lsÍu'
04' bf.kqï l%shdj,sh ;=< il%sh odhl;ajh m%o¾Ykh lsÍu'
<uhdf.a udkisl mßK;sh mßirh" ffoksl bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdldrlï wkqj fjkia
fjhs' udkisl iajia:;dj mj;ajdf.k hEu iòyd k¾;k l%shdldrlï fhdod .; yels h' <uhs
ksi.fhka u m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlï lsÍug leue;af;da h' hï <uhl= tfia fkdjk úg Tyq hï
udkisl jHdl+,;djlska isák nj meyeÈ,s fõ' k¾;k l%shdldrlïys fh§fï § isiqka iDcq j fyda
jl% j ;u udkisl ;;a;ajhka m%ldY lrhs'
49
k¾;k l%shdldrlï u.ska <uhd ;=< mj;sk mSä; Ñ;a;fõ. yd Yla;Ska YdÍßl j uqod yeÍu
isÿ fjhs' tu ksid k¾;kh isrer yd iïnkaO l%shdj,shla jk w;r" tlS l%shdldrlï udkisl
;;a;ajhka mj;ajd .ekSfuys ,d bjy,a jk nj meyeÈ,s fjhs'
• k¾;kh yd ne`È l%shdldrlïys p,kh" jdokh" .dhkh yd rEmKh udxi fmaYs p,kfha
§ reêrkd, moaO;sh l%uj;a ùfuka uki yd iïnkaO bkaøshkag isÿjk n,mEu'
ixp,k yeisrùfï § ufkdapd,l l%shdldß;ajh j¾Okh ùu'
k¾;k l%shdldrlï ksjerÈ j wkqms<sfj<ska mj;ajd .ekSfï § ,nk udkisl tald.%;dj'
k¾;kh yd ne`È rEmK l%shdldrlïys § udkisl wdfõok Ndj yd ye`.Sï m%ldYkhg
bv ,eîfuka is; iykYS,S ùu'
ri úkaokh udkisl iqj-iykhg fya;= ùu'
wx." m%;Hx." Wmdx. ukd md,khlska bjiSfuka hq;= j l%shd lrùfuka ufkdapd,l
l%shdldÍ;ajfha j¾Okh we;s ùu'
m%Yxidj yd we.hSu <uhd Ñ;a; Yla;sfhka hq;= Èß .ekaùulg fya;= ùu'
k¾;k ks¾udK iòyd isÿ lrk l%shdldrlï u.ska Ñ;a;fõ.Sh .eg¨ m%ldYkhg
bv ,eîu'
iunr;dj /l.ekSug k¾;k wNHdifha § ,efnk ukd ixhuh yd bjiSfï yqrej'
k¾;k l%shdldrlï ;=<ska j¾Okh jk yelshd

• fnodyod .ekSu
• iyfhda.h
• kS;s Í;s ms<sme§u
• kdhl;ajhg .re lsÍu
• ch mrdch iuis;ska ms<s.ekSu
• bjiSu
• lemùu
• läirnj
• ;¾ldkql+, Ñka;kh
• ks¾udKYS,S Ñka;kh
• YdÍßl p,k md,kh
50
úúO iydh
lxpql ks¾udKh - rùkaø f;akqjr uy;d

lÓldpd¾h"
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
mß.Kl joka iemhqu - ta'à'tia' .uf.a uy;añh

tka'ví'ã'mS' l=udrisß fukúh
ã'iS' chfldä uy;añh
úúO iydh - ud,kS úl%ukdhl uy;añh

fla'mS' fmf¾rd uy;d
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
51

Vishaya Nirdeshaya

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k¾;kh

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2015 j¾Ifha § yh jk iy oy jk fYa%Ks i|yd y÷kajd

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wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iii

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úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h ix

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1 - 50

foaYh f.dvkexùfï § úYajh iu. hy in|;d mj;ajd .ksñka fmrg hk wkd.;

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tneúka úoHd" .Ks;" jdKsc" ;dlaIK yd NdId úIhhkaf.ka {dkkh jk ñksia

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6' lS%vdj yd úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d (

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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï m, ld,Éfþo

k¾;k ks¾udK weiqfrka k¾;k

lrhs' ks¾udKh ^tla jD;a;shla

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