MUSCLES OF THE HUMAN BODY

DENNIS WALTON GAVIOLA BALBERO

PATH Fit 1 Instructor
Muscles are the exert forces; thus,
they are the major contributor to
human movement. Muscles are
used to hold a position, to raise or
lower a body part, to slow down a
fast moving segment, and to
generate great speed in the body
or in an object that is propelled on
the air.
Muscle Tissue’s Properties

Irritability- is the ability to respond to stimulus.

Contractility- is the ability of the muscles to
generate tension and shorten when it receives
sufficient stimulation.
Extensibility- is the muscles’ ability to
lengthen, or stretch beyond the resting length.
Elasticity- is the ability of the muscle fiber to
return to its resting length after the stretch is
removed.
Functions of Muscles

1. Produce movement
Skeletal movement is created as muscles action
generate tensions that are transferred to the bone.
The resulting movements are necessary for
locomotion and other segmental manipulation.
2. Maintain Posture and Position
Muscles action of a lesser magnitude are used to
maintain postures. This muscle activity is continuous
and results in small adjustments as the head is
maintained in position and the body weight is
balanced over the feet.
Functions of Muscles

3. Stabilize Joints
Muscles action also contribute significantly to the stability of the joints.
Muscles tensions are generated and applied across the joint via the
tendons, providing stability where they cross the joint. In most joints,
especially the shoulder and the knee, the muscles spanning the joint via the
tendons are among the primary stabilizers.
4. Other Functions
a.Muscle support and protect the visceral organs and protect the internal
tissues from injuries.
b.Tension in the muscle tissues can alter and control pressures within the
cavities.
c. Skeletal muscles contribute to the maintenance of body temperature by
producing heat.
d.The muscles control the entrances and exits to the body through
voluntary control over swallowing, defecation, and urination.
Group of Muscles

Group of muscles is contained within the

compartment that are defined by fascia, a
sheet fibrous tissue.
Three Compartments of the Thigh
1. Anterior compartment (Quadriceps femoris)
2. Posterior Compartments (Hamstrings)
3. Medial (Adductors)
Two Fiber Arrangements of the Muscles

1. Parallel fiber arrangement. The fascicles

are parallel to the long axis of the muscles.
These muscles run in the same direction as the
whole muscles.
a. Fusiform- Biceps Brachii
b. Strap- Sartorius
c. Convergent- Pectoralis Major
d. Circular- Orbicularis Oris
e. Flat- External Oblique
2. Penniform Fiber Arrangement. The fiber runs
diagonally with respect to the central tendon
running the length of the muscles. The shape is
feather like because the fascicles are short and run
at an angle to the length of the muscles. The
muscle do not pull in the same direction as the
whole muscle.
a. Unipennate- Semimembranosus
b. Bipennate- Gastrocnemius
c. Multipennate- Deltoid
Two Kinds of Muscle Fiber

1. Slow- Twitch Fiber Types – Slow- Twitch,

or type I, fibers are oxidative. The fibers are
red because of the high content of myoglobin
in the muscle. These fiber have slow
contraction time and are well suited for
prolonged, low-intensity work. Endurance
athletes usually have a high quantity of slow-
twitch fibers.
2. Intermediate and Fast- Twitch Fiber
Types- Fast- Twitch, or type II, fibers are
further broken down into type lla, oxidative –
glycolytic, and type llb, glycolytic. The type lla
fiber is a red muscle fiber known as the
intermediate fast-twitch fiber because it can
sustain activity for a long period or contract
with a burst of force and then fatigue. The
white type llb fiber provides us with rapid force
production and then fatigues quickly.
Three Types of Muscles in the Body

1. Skeletal muscles
Voluntarily muscles attached to the bones
of skeletons
2. Smooth muscles
Involuntarily muscles, hollow organs like
small intestines and blood vessels
3. Cardiac muscles
Involuntarily muscle, heart
 Body Regions

Head and Neck region – head houses the brain and major sense organs; framework of the face.
Trunk (or torso) – the central part of the body

2 Sections:
Thorax
Abdomen
Upper Extremities Lower Extremities:
3 regions: Thigh
Arm Leg
Forearm Foot
Hand
Orientations/Directions
Superior – above or towards the head
Inferior – below or towards the lower part of the body
Anterior – towards the front of the body
Posterior – towards the back of the body
Medical - at the nearer to the center plane;
or in the inner side of the body
Lateral – away from the center plane of the body
Proximal – nearer to the center of the body
Dismal – farther from the center of the body
BODY PLANES

A coronal or frontal plane

divides the body into dorsal and
ventral (back and front, or
posterior and anterior) portions.
A transverse plane, also known
as an axial plane or cross
section, divides the body into
cranial and caudal (head and
tail) portions.
A sagittal plane divides the
body into sinister and dexter
(left and right) portions.
STAY STRONG AND THANK YOU SO MUCH…