Medical english

1. which suffix means abnormal softening? A.- Malacia

2. in the term perinatal, which part is the suffix? C. -Al
3. which of these suffixes requires the use of the combining vowel? C. -rrhea
4. Which prefix means within or inside? B.intra-
5. Postoperative means ______________ C.after surgery
6. Which combining form means red? A. erythr/o
7. A vertebra is bone in the spine. What is the plural of vertebra? C. vertebrae
8. Which suffix means a surgical puncture to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes? C.-centesis
9. Which combining form means both spinal cord and bone marrow? C. myel/o
10. The blural of phalanxis _______________ B. phalanges
11. Which suffix means the process of recording a picture? B. -graphy
12. What suffix means surgical repair? C. -plasty
13. In the term otorhinolaryngology, which word root ( comining form ) means ear? A. ot/o
14. Pain, which can be observed only by the patient is a ___________ B.symptom
15. Which term means any disease of the stomach? B.gastrosis
16. Which term means vomiting of blood? C.hematemesis
17. Which suffix means medicine/treatment? B.-iatry
18. ______________means without a breast C.amastia
19. What comining form means kidney? B. nephr/o
20. If the singular term ends in the suffix -is the plural is usually formed by changing the ending to
____ A.-es
21. Which term describes any inflammatory condition of the mouth? C.stomatitis
22. Which term means fixation of a joint? B.arthrodesis
23. In the term osteochondritis the comining form is__________ A.oste/o
24. ___________ means bile vessel C.cholangi/o
25. Which term means uterus? C. hyster/O
26. What does hepatocyte mean? A.liver cell
27. In the term arthrocentesis, -centesis is_______ C.suffix
28. What does osteomalacia mean? C. softening of bone
29. Which term means abnormal condition of the skin? A. dermatosis
30. In the term hyper /calc/emia, calc means B. calcium
31. Which prefix means above/upon? C.epi-
32. Infracostal means ________________ A.below the ribs
33. the meaning of the prefix ad-is B.toward
34. A homograft, also called an ________, is a transplant of tissue obtained from a member of the
patient’s own species C.allograft
35. In the term polydipsia, poly-means ___________ A. many
36. Which term means rapid breathing? A.tachypnea
37. Which term describes difficult childbirth? B.dystocia
38. Macrocyte means ________ A.large blood cell
39. Which term describes discharge or flow from the ear? B.otorrhea
40. In the term encephalomeningitis, which term means brain? A.encephal/o
41. Which of the following terms means forming an opening into the trachea? C. tracheostomy
42. Mastestomy is __________ A. excision of a breast
43. What term means excessive? C. hyper
44. Tumor of the bone is _________ B. osteoma
45. Which root means fingers, toes? A. dactyl/
 46. ‘-tripsy’ is a _________ suffix C.surgical
47. Which prefix means same? A. homo
48. In the term gastrodynia, -dynia means __________ A.pain
49. What does the prefix uni-mean? C. one
50. Which term means abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine? B.diuresis
Term building:
51. Surgical punctureof a joint : arthrocentesis
52. Excision of hemorrhoids : hemorrhoiectomy
53. Surgical repair of tendons : tenoplasty
54. Incision of the trachea : traheotomy
55. Dilation of a bronchus : broniestasis
56. Abnormal condition of the skin: dermatosis
57. Paralysis affecting one side: hemiplegia
58. Herniationof the liver : hepabcele
59. Pertaining to abovethe kidney:cuprarenal
60. Difficulr childbirth : ductocaia
61. rapid breathing : tachypllea
62. many fears : polyphobia
63. slow heartbeat:bradycardia
64. inflammation of many joints: panarthrilis
65. surgical fractureof a bone to correct a deformity: osteoclasis
66. most word roots are derived from greek or latin language
67. A medical word consists of some or all of the following elements: Word root, combining form,
suffix, prefix
68. Word root in the foundation of a medical term and contains its primary meaning
69. A prefix is a word element located at the beginning of a word
70. The combining form enables two word elements to be connected
71. A suffix is added to the end of a word root or combining form
72. Suffixes are also used to denote singular and plural forms of a word as well as a part of speech
73. Pathological suffixes describe abnormal condition or disease
74. Radiographic terms, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) are now
used to describe current diagnostic procedures
75. The medical term meaning inflammation of the stomach and intestine is gastroenteritis
76. Name the major types of prefixes Prefixes of position
77. The study of the ears, nose and throat is otoshim
78.
79.
80.
Maching
81. Nephromegaly C.Enlargement of the kidney
82. Osteomalacia A.softening of the bones
83. Cholelith N. gallstone
84. Neurolysis B. loosening of nerve
85. Dermatome H. instrument to cut skin
86. Hysteropexy D. fixation of the uterus
87. Enterolysis F. separation of intestinal adhesions
88. Erythropenia G. without or absence of speech
89. Myorrhaphy I. suture of a muscle
 90. Hemorrhage L. a profuse discharge of blood
91. Thoracic E. pertaining to the chest
92. Aphasia J. deficiency in red blood cells
93. Primigravida O. woman during her first pregnancy
94. Nevus K. any congenital anomaly of the skin
95. Axillary M. pertaining to the armpit
T/F
96. F - many current medical word elements originatedas early as the 1st century A.D., when
hippocrates practiced medicine
97. F- words cannot contain more than one word root
98. F- the suffix intra-means between or among
99. F- prefixes of position indicate a pathway or route
100. T- the term thrombolysis means destruction of a blood clot
101. T- the singular term of ganglia is ganglion
102. T- the medical term ‘encephalomeningitis ‘ has two word roots
103. F- the word root of postnatal is natal
104. F- A combining vowel is usually an e.
105. F- Diagnostic suffixes describe a type of invasive procedure performed on a body
part
106. T- there are three basic rules for building medical words
107. T- the suffix -algia means pain
108. F- malnutrition refers to any disorder resulting from difficult digestion
109. T- substituting one prefix for another alters the meaning of the word
110. T- prognosis is the prediction of the course and end of a disease and the estimated
chance of recovery
111. If the singular term ends in the suffix- is, the plural is usually formed by changing the
ending to-es
🇲🇳 . Хэрвээ дан нэр томъёо нь дагавар байдлаар төгссөн бол олон тооны тоо нь төгсгөлийг
ишлэл болгон өөрчлөх замаар үүсдэг.
112. Mastopexy, an elective surgery, is performed to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated
position, commonly improving their shape
🇲🇳Мастопекси хэмээх сонгомол мэс засал нь хөхөө илүү өндөр байрлалд
байрлуулж, хэлбэрээ сайжруулдаг.
113. The microscope is an optical instrument that greatly magnifies minute
objects
🇲🇳маш жижигхэн юмыг томруулж харах боломжтой төхөөрөмжийг микроскоп гэнэ
114. Whenever you change the suffix, you change the meaning of the word
🇲🇳 Дууны дагаврыг өөрчлөх бүртээ тухайн үгийн утгыг өөрчилдөг
115. In the term macro/cyte macro-is a prefix meaning large:-cyte is a suffix meaning
cell
🇲🇳 Макро / цит гэсэн нэр томъёо нь том утгатай угтвар юм: -цит гэдэг нь эс гэсэн утгатай
дагавар юм
116. Грек гаралтай үгийн үндэс нь ерөнхийдөө өвчин, түүний хэв шинж, эмчилгээ
оншилгоог илэрхийлсэн үгсийг бүтээхэд хэрэглэгддэг.
🇱🇷 The root of the word of Greek origin is generally used to construct words for the
diagnosis of a disease, its type and treatment.
 117. Латин гаралтай үндэс нь анатомийн бүтцийг тодорхойлсон үгийг бүтээхэд
ашиглагддаг

🇱🇷The Latin root is used to form a word that describes anatomical structure
118. Анагаахын үг хэллэгийг таньж тодорхойлохын тулд эхлээд үгийн
үндсийг таних хэрэгтэй

🇱🇷 To identify a medical term, one must first identify the root word
119. Дотоод шүүрлийн булчирхай нь цусны эргэлтэнд шууд байдлаар
шүүрэл ялгаруулдаг булчирхай юм
🇱🇷 The endocrine gland is a gland that secretes directly into the bloodstream
120. Анагаахын нэр томъёонд мэргэших үр дүнтэй арга бол гол чухал залгаваруудыг
ангилж сурах
🇱🇷 An effective way to specialize in medical terminology is to learn to classify key
suffixes
Chapter 2
1. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form spondyl/o C. vertebrae
2. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form dactyl/o? B. fingers/toes
3. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form lumb/o? A.loins
4. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form pod/o? C. foot
5. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form kyph/o? B. humpback
6. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form chondr/o? A. cartilage
7. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form cost/o? B. ribs
8. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form pub/o? C. pelvis bone
9. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form acromi/o? C.acromion
10. Which is the correct meaning of the combining form clavicula/o? A. clavicle
11. Which is the correct meaning of the suffix-porosis? B. porous
12. Which is the correct meaning of the suffix-syn? B. union
13. Which term means an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as
viewed from the side? A. kyphosis
14. Which term means an inflammation of bone and bone marrow? B. osteomyelitis
15. Which term describes an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum? B.
costochondritis
16. Which term is a disorder occurring in children characterized by softening and weakening of the
bone? B. rickets
17. Which term is also known as the hip socket? C. acetabulum
18. Which term means the slipping of the vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the
vertebra below it? B. spondylolisthesis
19. Which term is the death of bone tissue? C. osteonecrosis
20. Which term means abnormal softening of the cartilage? B. chondromalacia
21. which term is the replacement for a diseased or missing part of the body? B. prosthesis
22. which condition, also known as low back pain? A. lumbago
23. which term means the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity? A.osteoclasis
24. Which term means an abnormal lateral curvature of the lumbar spine? C. scoliosis
25. Which term means surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint? A. arthrolysis
26. Which term means surgical repair of the skull? B. cranioplasty
27. Which term describes a fracture in which the bone is splintered into pieces? A. comminuted
28. Which form of bone marrow is hemopoietic? B. red bone marrow
29. Which term means an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments
pass? B. foramen
30. Which is the smaller bone of the forearm? A. ulna
31. Red bone marrow manufactures red blood cells, white blood cells, thrombocytes, and
hemoglobin. Which term describes this process? B. hemopoietic
32. Which technique is used to examine the internal structure of a joint? A. arthroscopy
33. The largest bone in the human body is the: A.femur
34. Which structures connect bones to bones? A.ligaments
35. which structure is part of the hip? B. iluim
36. which term means a surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint? A. arthrodesis
37. which structure forms the upper portion of the sternum? A. manubrium
38. which tissue covers only the joint surface of bones? C. cartilage
39. which term describes movement of the arm toward the body? B.adduction
40. which term is disorder occurring in children characterized by softening and weakening of the
bone? B. rickets
41. he joints______made up of several parts A. are
42. the tibia and fibula ______up the ankle joint with talus C.make
43. Skeletal muscles are composed _________ fibers C. of
44. the skeletal system _______ 206 bones A. is made up of
45. 600 muscles ________ about 40-45% of the body is weight B. are constituted
46. the skull is comprised ________ 22bones that are fused together except for mandible C. of
47. skeletal muscles_______ fibers A. consist of
48. In a human, the axial skeleton _________ the 80 bones of the head and body that are organized
into five parts C. includes
49. 49. light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose ______ the ethmoid bone
C.is
50. Although the pelvis ____________ several bones they are tightly fused as one bone C.
contains
51. Surgical fracture of a bone osteoctasia
52. softening of cartilage chonaromalacia
53. inflammation of a tendon tenelitis
54. tumor of fibrous tissue fibroma
55. excision of phalanges phalangectomy
56. pain in lumbar region, lumbago lumbodynia
57. incision of the cranium cramotomy
58. toward the head uphalad
59. bones marrow cell myelocyte
60. care of feet pedicure
61. abnormal bending of the spine scoliosis
62. pertaining to the clavicle clavicular
63. inflammation of the vertebrae spondylitis
64. pain in the arm brachialgia
65. visual examination of a joint arthroscophy
66. Short bones consist of spongy bone, also known as concellous bone enclosed in a thin surface
layer of compact bone
67. Long bones are found in the appendage of the body such as the legs, arms and fingers
 68. Eight skull bones, also known as the cranium , enclose and protect the brain and the organs of
hearing and equilibrium
69. All facial bones, with the exception of the mandible are joined together by sutures and are
immovable
70. Two paired lacrimal bone are located at the corner of each eye
71. The vomer is a single, thin bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum
72. The internal organs of the chest, also known as thorax are enclosed and protected by a bony rib
cage
73. The femur is the largest bone in the body and the only bone of the thigh region
74. Joints that allow movement are called synoviol joint
75. The tarsals are a group of seven small bones that form the posterior end of the foot and heel
76. The pelvic girdle is a basin shaped structure that attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton
77. The sternum which is also known as the breast bone, is a flat dagger shaped bone located in the
middle of the chest
78. Hinge joints such as the knee are formed by a series of ligaments that permit movement in
different directions
79. The last two pairs of false ribs, which is called hoating ribs are not joined to the sternum but
attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae
80. The pectoral girdle consists of two bones, the anterior clavicle and the posterior scapula
Match
81. Cartilage C. firm elastic flexible type of connective tissue
82. sinus H. recess cavity or channel
83. ligament J. band of tissue serving to connect bones
84. limb K. part of the body distinct from the head and trunk as a leg, arm
85. maxilla I. jaw or jawbone, especially the upper
86. fracture A.the breaking of a bone
87. suture F. A fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism
88. dislocation D. the act of displacing or the state of being displaced
89. ribs B. one of series of curved bones that are articulated with the vertebrae
90. tibia M. larger and stronger of the two bones in the leg, below the knee
91. ilium L. uppermost and largest of the hip bone
92. ischium E. lower and back part of the hip bone
93. fibula G. smaller bone of the two bones in the leg, below the knee
94. periosteum O. membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of
long bones
95. sacrum N. large triangular bone at the base of the spine
T/F
96. T short bones can be found in the wrists and ankles
97. F Irregular bones can be found in the vertebrae and wrists
98. F. movement is possible because ligaments provide points of attachment for muscles and
tendons
99. F. greenstick fracture results from compression of two bones driven into each other
100. T. Crepitation is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move
together
101. T. if the maxillary bones do not fuse properly before birth, a congenital defect called
cleft palate results
102. F. the paired temporal bones are located on the side of the face below the eyes and
form the higher portion of the cheeks
 103. F. the spinal column protects the brain
104. T. intervertebral discs act as cushions to absorb shock
105. F. thorax, is a thin, knife-shaped bone located along the midline of the anterior side of
the thoracic region of the skeleton
106. F. the female pelvis only supports the enlarged uterus
107. F. a baby is born with around 206 bones
108. T. the bladder is located behind the symphysis pubis
109. T. the manubrium is the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
110. F. the bones of the foot include the metacarpals, which consist of five small long bones
Translation
111. As their name implies, the frontal, ethmoidal, spenoidal and maxillary sinuses are
named after the bones in which they are located
• Тэдний нэрнээс харахад урд, этмоидаль, спеноид, дээд булчирхайн синусууд байрладаг
ясныхаа нэрээр нэрлэгдсэн байдаг.
112. Flat bones provide broad surfaces for muscular attachment or protection for internal
organs
•Хавтгай яснууд нь булчингийн хавсаргах эсвэл дотоод эрхтний хамгаалалтын өргөн
гадаргууг өгдөг
113. A healthy normal spine has four curves that help make it resilient and maintain balance
•Эрүүл хэвийн нуруу нь уян хатан, тэнцвэрийг хадгалахад тусалдаг дөрвөн муруйтай байдаг
114. Each temporal bone projects downward to form the mastoid process
• чамархайн яс бүр доош түрж хөхлөгийн сэртэнг бий болгодог.
115. The ends of the bones that comprise these joints are encased in a sleeve like extension
of the periosteum called the joint capsule
•ясны төгсөглүүд нь үсний гэр гэж нэрлэгдэнэ ясны хальснаас үргэлжилсэн үсийг
хамцуйлан хучсан бүтцээс бүрддэг.
116. Тэнхлэгийн ясанд гавал, багана нуруу , хавирга, өвчүү орно.
•Axial skeleton contains skull, rib cage sternum and vertebral column
117. Гавлын ясанд агаараар дүүрсэн 4 хос хөндий байх ба нийтэд нь хамар орчмын
дайвар хөндий гэнэ.
•there are 4 paired sinus in a skull and they named paranasal sinuses
118. Хэмт бус ясанд нурууны нугаламын яснууд болон дунд чихний яснууд
харьяалагддаг.
•irregular bones include vertebrae and the bones of the middle ear
119. Булчин чангарах үед шөрмөс болон холбоосууд ясыг түлхэж, араг ясыг хөдөлгөдөг.
•as muscles contract, tendons and ligament pull on bones and cause skeletal movement
120. Мөр нь хос мөрний бүтэц болон тэдгээрт холбогдох булчингууд мөрний яснаас
тогтоно.
• the pained pectoral structures and their ossociated muscles form the shoulders of the body
Chapter3
1. Which condition is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart? A.endocarditis
2. Which is the thin inner lining of the lumen of the artery? C. tunica intima
3. Which vessels return blood to the heart? B. vein
4. Which is the structure within the vein that prevents the backflow of blood? A.valve
5. Which vein carries pure oxygenated blood? A. pulmonary
6. Which of the following valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
B. tricuspid
7. Which node is located in the upper portion of the right atrium? C.sinoatrial node
8. Which term describes the abnormal hardening of an artery? C. atherosclerosis
9. Which term describes the membrane that encloses the heart? A. pericardium
10. Which combining form means heart? A. cardi/o
11. Which term is also known as high blood pressure? B. hypotension
12. What is a foriegn object circulating in the blood? B. embolus
13. Which of the following terms is also known as red blood cells? C. erythrocytes
14. Which term means inflammation of a vein? C. phlebitis
15. Which term is the name of the inner layer of the heart? A. endocardium
16. Which term describes a localized, balloonlike enlargement of an artery? B. anceurysm
17. Which term describes an abnormally rapid heartbeat? B. tachycardia
18. Which term means an abnormally slow heartbeat? A. bradycardia
19. Which combining form means blood or lymph vessels? C. angi/o
20. Heart murmurs __________ defective heart valves B. often result from
21. Pernicious anemia _________ a lack of protein C. is due to
22. Emboli in venous circulation may _______ death C. result in
23. The heart infection can result ______ bacteria and viruses B. form
24. Which circulation pumps blood to the entire body? C. systemic
25. Blood clot that obstructs a vessel is _______ B. thrombus
26. Which term means excessive amount of lipids? B. hyperlipidemia
27. A hollow, muscular organ located in the mediastinum is _______ A. the heart
28. Which of the following term means the narrowing of the aorta A. coarctation
29. which of the following term means the tubular space within the vessel or any structure of
the body? B. lumen
30. which means the destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clotbusters? A.
thrombolysis
31. which node is located at the base of the right atrium? B. atrioventricular
32. which of the following is not the factor that influences blood pressure? C.eating habit
33. which vessel collects blood from the upper body and carries it to the right atrium? A.
superior vena cava
34. two upper chambers of the heart are known as __________ A. atria
35. which vessel enables the exchange of water, gases, and wastes between the blood and
nearby cells? C. capillary
36. what does HTN stand for? C. hypertension
37. the right and left ventricles are divided by the structure known as ________________
B.interventricular septum
38. which receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs through the four pulmonary veins? A.left
atrium
39. which cells defend the body against infection? A. leukocytes
40. which are the smallest formed elements of the blood? C. thrombocytes
41. A radiographic process of producing picture of the blood vessels is __________ B.
angiography
42. The loss of a large amount of blood in a short time is ________ B. hemorrhage
43. A fatty substance that travels through the blood and found in all parts of the body is
_______ A. cholesterol
44. Which of the following contains high concentration of carbon dioxide? B. vein
45. Bacteria can result ___________ endocarditis C.in
46. Atherosclerosis ______________ the vessel to lose elasticity B. causes
47. Obesity can ________________ to the cardiovascular disease B. lead
48. Lack of exercise and high blood cholesterol may ___________ arteriosclerosis C. be
responsible for
49. Many risk factors ___________ the cardiovascular problems A. cause
50. Increase in the number of abnormal leukocytes __________ leukemia B. results in
51. Tumor of fatty plaque artheroma
52. Abnormal condition of a blood clot in a vein phlebothrombosis
53. Pertaining to a vein venous
54. Spasm of a vein venospasm
55. Rupture of the heart cardiorrexis
56. Poisonous to the heart cardiotoxic
57. Enlargement of the heart cardiomegaly
58. Softening of a vessel (wall) angiomallia
59. Tumor of a vessel angioma
60. Beginning or formation of a blood clot thrombogenesis
61. Abnormal condition of a blood clot thrombosis
62. Abnormal condition of narrowing or structure of the aorta aortastenosis
63. Puncture of the heart cardiocentesis
64. Suture of an artery arterorrhaphy
65. Removal of an embolus embolectony
66. The right ventricle pumps blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs
67. An inflammation involving several arteries is known as polyarteritis
68. The term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscles is cardiomyopathy
69. The right and left atria are divided by the interventricular septum
70. Arteries carry blood from the heart to all cells of the entire body
71. Repair of a vein is phleloplasty
72. An abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the circulating blood is thrombocytosis
73. Valvulitis is also known as an inflammation of valve
74. The loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat is arrhythma
75. Veins return blood to the heart
76. Capillaries are microscopic vessels that join the arterial system with the venous system
77. Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the right atrium
78. Aorta contains the aortic valve that permits blood to flow in only one direction
79. The sinoatrial node is located in the upper portion of the right atrium and possesses its own
intrinsic rhythm
80. Cardiac rate may be altered by impulses from the autonomic nervous system
81. Superior vena cava D. brings oxygen- poor blood from upper body to the right atrium
82. Aorta E. the left ventricle sends blood into this vessel
83. Pulmonary vein A. brings oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
84. Inferior vena cava C. brings oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium
85. Pulmonary artery B. carries venous blood out of the right ventricle into the lungs
86. Coronary artery G. supplies oxygen rich blood to the myocardium
87. Carotid artery F. carries blood upwardto the head
88. Arteriole I. branch of artery that delivers blood to the capillary
89. Venule H. smallest vein that joins to form the larger vein
90. Capillary J. is only one epithelial cell in thickness and smallest vessel
91. Left ventricle N. pumps oxygenated blood to the entire body
92. Oxygen M. tasteless, odorless, and colorless gas essential for human respiration
93. Heart L. is divided into four chambers
 94. SA node P. is located upper portion of the right atrium
95. AV node O. is located at the base of the right atrium
96. T blood pressures measures the force of blood against the arterial walls during the two
phases of a heartbeat
97. F deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the left atrium
98. T purkinje fibers extend up the ventricle walls
99. T systole produces the maximum force, diastole, the weakest
100. T anemia is a lower than normal number of erythrocytes in the blood
101. F hypertension is lower than normal arterial blood pressure
102. T the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs is pulmonary circulation
103. F the cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and lymph
104. T the aorta contains the aortic semi lunar valve
105. F A blood pressure of 120/80 mm hg means only diastolic pressure
106. T decreased blood pressure is called hypotension
107. F the walls of ventricles are thinner than those of atria because the ventricles pump
blood throughout the body
108. T the atria contract while the ventricles relax during normal the heart beat
109. T the right ventricle pumps blood for the pulmonary circulation, then blood from the
right ventricle passes to the lungs
110. T blood pressure in capillaries is lower than in arterioles
111. Capillaries merge to form larger blood vessels called venules, which then combine to
form veins that return blood the heart
🇲🇳хялгасан судас нь том цусны судсуудыг хооронд нь холбох, венулуудыг залгадаг
бөгөөд венийн хэлбэрээр зүрхэнд цус орж ирдэг
112. The walls of large arteries have three layers to provide toughness and elasticity
🇲🇳 Том артерийн хана нь хатуу, уян хатан байдлыг хангах гурван давхаргатай байдаг
113. Oxygenated blood travels to smaller arteries called arterioles and finally to the smallest
vessels, the capillaries
• 113. Хүчилтөрөгчтэй цус нь артериол гэж нэрлэгддэг жижиг артериуд, эцэст нь
хамгийн жижиг судаснууд болох хялгасан судасруу дамждаг
114. Blood continuously circulates from the heart to the lungs so that carbon dioxide can be
exchanged for oxygen .
• Цус нь зүрхнээс уушиг руу тасралтгүй эргэлддэг тул нүүрстөрөгчийн давхар ислийг
хүчилтөрөгчөөр сольж өгдөг
115. During contraction of the ventricle, the tricuspid valve closes to prevent a backflow of
blood to the right atrium
• Ховдолын агшилтын үед трикуспид хавхлаг нь баруун тосгуур руу цус орж ирэхээс
сэргийлдэг.
116. Зүрх нь дотор давхарга, булчинлаг давхарга, гадна давхарга гэсэн 3 давхаргаас
тогтоно
• The heart consists of three layers: the inner layer, the muscular layer, and the outer
layer
117. Зүрх судасны тогтолцоо нь зүрх, цус, цусны судаснаас тогтоно.
• The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood, and blood vessels
118. Артерийн судас нь зүрхнээс биеийн бүх эсүүдэд цусыг зөөвөрлөдөг.
• Arteries carry blood from the heart to all the cells in the body
119. Зүрх нь цээжний хөндийд баруун зүүн уушгины хооронд байрладаг
• The heart is located in the thoracic cavity between the right and left lungs
120. Хялгасан судасны хана маш нимгэн байдаг. Учир нь хялгасан нь ердөө нэг давхар
хучуур эсээс бүрддэг
• The capillary wall is very thin. This is because the capillary consists of only one layer
of epithelium
Chapter 4
1. Which term describes the first part of the small intestine? B.cecum
2. Which is the name of the physician who specializes in treating disorders of the colon, rectum an
anus? C. proctologist
3. What kind of digestion happens in the mouth? B.ingestion
4. Which term describes disease of the colon? C. colopathy
5. Which is the correct spelling of the term meaning the presence of gallstones? A.cholelithiasis
6. which term describes suture of the jejunum? A. jejunorrhaphy
7. which term describes the direct visual examination of the inner A.colonoscopy
8. Who is the specialist on stomach on intestine? C.Gastroenterologist
9. Which structure controls the flow from the stomach to the small? A.Cardiac sphincter
10. Which term describes spasm of the esophagus? B.esophagospasm
11. Which term means excessive vomiting? B.hyperemesis
12. Which term means rupture of the stomach? A.gastrorrhexis
13. Which is a yellowish-green fluid that is made by the liver? B.bile
14. The body’s longest internal organ is the small intestine at an average length of about: A.20 feet
15. Which term is also known as labia? C.lips
16. Which term describes a series of wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles in a single
direction ? C.peristalsis
17. Which term describes an inflammation of the large intestine? B.colitis
18. Which term means pertaining to the liver? A.hepatic
19. Which term means vomiting blood? B.hematemesis
20. ____________ is the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces.A.mechanical
digestion
21. Which is strong muscle that is anchored to the floor of the mouth? C.tongue
22. Which term means paralysis of the anus (anal muscle)? A.proctoplegia
23. Which term describes inflammation of the small intestine? B.enteritis
24. What does the digestive system do? B.turning food into energy
25. Which is a last part of the digestive tract? A.anus
26. ___________ are the pancreas, lives and gallbladder.B.accessory disegtive orangs
27. Which is the flexible posterior portion of the palate? C.soft palate
28. Which is a sac-like organ composed of the fundus, body ,and antrum? A.stomach
29. Which is the name of surgical removal or diseased gingival tissue? A.gingivectomy
30. Which term describes loss of appetite? B.anorexia
31. Choose the correct list which is the order of the locations that food passes through in the
digestive system. B.mouth, esophagus , stomach , small intestine, and large intestine
32. What two locations in the digestive system mechanically break down food? C .mouth, stomach
33. Which term means enlargement of the liver? C.hepatomegaly
34. Which is a long tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach? B.esophagus
35. Which is a tiny fingerlike projections in the small intestine? A.villi
36. This part of the digestive system removes solid wastes such as feces from the body. A.large
intestine
37. The opening at the end of the digestive tract in which solid wastes are eliminated.C.anus
38. Which terms describes inflammation of the mouth ? A.stomatitis
39. ___________ is the flap that covers the trachea during swallowing,so the food does not enter
the lungs . B.epiglottis
40. Where is the liver located? A.right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdominal cavity
41. The colon is ____________ ascending transverse , descending and sigmoid portions.C.divided
into
42. The stomach ________ a food reservoir. B.serves as
43. The large intestine ________ the end of the small intestine to the anus.C.extends from
44. The pancreas ______ ___ posterior and slightly inferior to the stomach .A.lies
45. The stomach __________ with the mucous membrane. B.is lined
46. The patient’s stomach had slow digestion__________ it was very painful for him.A.furthermore
47. No disgestion _________ in the large intestine. C.takes place
48. Small intestine ________ duodenum ,jejunum and ileum.A.consists of
49. The lips have important roles……………. breathing , speaking, and the expression of emotions.B.in
50. The mouth is formed ……………. The cheeks ,lips ,teeth, tongue , hard and soft palates. A.By

TERM BUILDING
Build the word that mean:
51. Middle portion of the small intestine jejunum
52. Enlargement of the liver hepatomegaly
53. Inflammation of the pancreas pancrehtitis
54. First portion of the small intestine duodenum
55. Pain in the esophagus esophagalgia
56. Narrowing or constriction of the rectum rectostenosis
57. Disease of the stomach gastropathy, gastralgia
58. Spasm of the esophagus esophagospasm
59. Surgical repair of small intestine anterplasty
60. Removal of part or all of stomach gastrectomy
61. Fixation of the small intestine enteropexy
62. Yellowing skin cholclithiasis
63. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy EGP
64. Immediately stat
65. Extreme weight loss anorexia
66. Ileostony is the creation of an opening between the ileum and the abdominal wall
67. Jejunorrhaply is a suture of the jejunum
68. Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed is called bolus
69. The abbreviation of hepatitis B virus is referred as HBR
70. Ententis means inflammation of the small intestine
71. S-shaped structure of the large intestine is the sigmoidcolon
72. Another word for naming a bad breath is halitosis
73. The bile duct is produced by the liver
74. The pancreas and the liver secrete enzymes into the small intestines
75. Teeth breaks food down into smaller pieces
76. Assimilation-digested food products are converted into the fluid and solid parts of a cell/tissue
77. The rectum, the last part of the GI tract, terminates at the anus.
78. The stomach extends from the esophagus to the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum
 79. The tongue assists in the chewing process by manipulating the bolus of food during chewing
80. Beneath the enamel is dentin, the main structure of the tooth
81. Mouth D. is known as the buccal cavity
82. Gingiva G. is a pink fleshy tissue known as gums that embeds the teeth
83. Pulp F. is the innermost part of the tooth
84. Saliva E. contain digestive enzymes that starts chemical breakdown
85. Teeth C. mechanically break down food into smaller pieces
86. Deglutition H. means to move to the back of the mouth for swallowing
87. Trachea B. is a cartilaginous tube also known as the windpipe
88. Soft palate A.forms a partition between the mouth and the nasopharynx
89. Gallbladder M. a saclike structure on the inferior surface of the liver
90. Esophagus O. is a muscular tube connecting the throat with the stomach
91. colon J. absorbs water, minerals and eliminate undigested material
92. liver N. is the largest glandular organ in the body
93. fundus I. is the upper portion of the stomach
94. peristalsis L. is a coordinated, rhythmic muscle contractions of GI
95. villi K. is a fingerlike projection
96. F depression, diabetes, coronary artery disease are symptoms of dysentery
97. F the initial stages of digestion starts in the esophagus
98. T food is broken down both physically and chemically
99. T gastroscopy is the visual examination of the stomach
100. T stomach serves as a food reservoir
101. F tongue doesn’t assist in chewing process
102. T mucus is produced by glands in the stomach
103. F the gallbladder serves as a storage area for bilirubin
104. F the lips, which are also known as the labia surround the opening to the small intestine
105. T the uvula plays an important role in snoring and formation of speech
106. F buccal means pertaining to the throat
107. T dyspepsia is an epigastric discomfort felt after eating
108. F sublingual means pertaining to the area above the tongue
109. F smooth projections on the surface of the tongue are called papillae
110. T sense of taste is intricately linked with sense of smell, making taste perception very
complex
111. Хоол боловсруулах үйл ажиллагаа амны хөндийгөөс эхлэх бөгөөд уруул, шүд, хэл,
эрүүний булчин, шүлсний булчирхайн оролцоотойгоор хоолыг жижиглэн бутална
🇱🇷Digestive process begins in the mouth and involves the crushing of food by the lips,
teeth, tongue, jaw muscles, and salivary glands.

112. Ходоод нь хэвлийн хөндийн зүүн дээд хөндийд байрлах ба хоол боловсруулах
замын хамгийн өргөн хэсэг юм
🇱🇷 The stomach is located in the upper left part of the abdomen and is the widest part of
the digestive tract

113. Амны хөндийд шүлс ялгаруулдаг 3 том булчирхай байна

🇱🇷 There are three large salivary glands in the mouth
 114. Зажилсан хоол улаан хоолойгоор дамжин ходоодонд орж, ходоодны хүчилтэй
холилдоно
🇱🇷 Chewed food enters the stomach through the esophagus and mixes with stomach
acid
115. Нойр булчирхай нь холимог шүүрлийн булчирхайд ордог.
🇱🇷 The pancreas is a mixed secretory gland.

116. The liver, the largest glandular organ in the body, weighs approximately 3 to 4 lbs
🇲🇳элэг нь хүний биеийн хамгийн том булчирхай, ойхолцоогоор 3-4lbs жинтэй
117. The duodenum is largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process, with
the jejunum and ileum mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream
🇲🇳 Бөөрний булчирхай нь тасралтгүй задрах процессыг хариуцдаг бөгөөд jejunum
ба ileum нь гол төлөв цусны урсгалд шим тэжээлийг шингээх үүрэгтэй байдаг.
118. Food passing along the GI tract is mixed with digestive enzymes and broken down into
nutrient molecules, which are absorbed in the bloodstream
🇲🇳 GI сувгийн хажуугаар өнгөрөх хоолыг хоол боловсруулах ферменттэй хольж,
шим тэжээлийн молекулуудад задалдаг тул цусны урсгалд шингээдэг.

119. The teeth play an important role in initial stages of digestion by mechanically breaking
down food into smaller pieces as the mix it with saliva
🇲🇳 The teeth play an important role in initial stages of digestion by mechanically
breaking down food into smaller pieces as the mix it with saliva

120. As the bolus is pushed by the tongue into the pharynx, it is guided the soft, fleshy, v-
shaped structure called the uvula
🇲🇳 Бөөмийг хэлээр залгиур руу түлхэж байх үед энэ нь зөөлөн, махлаг, v хэлбэрийн бүтэц
рүү чиглэнэ.
Chapter5
1. Which term means surgical repair of the nose? B.rhinoplasty
2. What is the term for the physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and
disorders of the respiratory system? A.otolaryngologist
3. Which term means paralysis of the vocal cords? A.laryngoplegia
4. Which are the smallest branches of the bronchial tree? C. bronchioles
5. Which division of the pharynx is visible when looking into the mouth? B.oropharynx
6. Which term means the act of drawing air into the lungs as the diaphragm contracts? C.
inspiration
7. Which structure is commonly known as the windpipe? C. trachea
8. Which term means for the space between visceral and parietal membranes? A. pleural cavity
9. What is the term for inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by stabbing pain? B.
pleurisy
10. Which term means for the deficiency of oxygen in tissues in the human body? A. hypoxia
11. Which structure is the fine hair like projections from certain cells such as those in the
respiratory system? C. cilia
12. Which term means normal breathing? B. eupnea
13. Which term means temporary loss of breathing? A. apnea
14. What is the instrument used for measuring oxygen? C. oximeter
15. Which condition is breathing in a straight or upright position? A. orthopnea
16. Which division of the pharynx is diverted into the opening of the larynx? A.laryngopharynx
17. Which term means for the deficiency of oxygen in the blood? B. hypoxemia
18. Which term means an inflammation of the pharynx? A. pharyngitis
19. Which is the condition of inflammation of the lungs? C. pneumonia
20. What is the instrument used for measuring breathing? C. spirometer
21. Which structure found at the end of terminal bronchioles and surrounded by capillaries? B.
alveo.i
22. Which term means the act of taking out air as the diaphragm relaxes? A.expiration
23. What is the term for slow breathing? B. bradypnea
24. What is the term for rapid breathing? B. tachypnea
25. What is the term for the physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and
disorders of lungs? A. pulmonologist
26. Which term means bleeding from the trachea? C. tracheorrhagia
27. Which term describes the surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for
biopsy or treatment? A. thoracotomy
28. Which term means dilation of the bronchi? B. bronchiectasis
29. Which lung has three lobes? B. right lung
30. What organ lies between the chest and abdominal cavities? A. diaphragm
31. Which term means for the surgical puncture of the pleural cavity? C. mediastinum
32. Where is the oxygen carried in your blood to? A.cells
33. Which term means incision of any tissues? A. sinusotomy
34. What abnormal condition occurs commonly in childhood? C. croup
35. Which term describes collapsed or airless state of the lung? B. atelectasis
36. Which term means nosebleed? A. epistaxis
37. Which lung has two lobes? A. right and left lungs
38. Which structure connects the throat to the stomach? B. pharynx
39. Which term means excision of the adenoids? B. adenoidectomy
40. Which term means abnormal condition of coal dust in the lungs? B. anthracosis
41. Many American teenagers ___________ cigarettes C. smoke
42. The palatine tonsils, more commonly known as tonsils, ________ the oropharynx C.are
located in
43. The trachea is a short passage that ________ the pharynx with the trachea (windpipe) A. Joins
44. The nasal cavity _______ into a right and lift side by vertical partition of cartilage called the nasal
septum C. is divided
45. The pulmonary capillaries _______ next to the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli B. lie
46. Carbon dioxide ______ from the blood within the pulmonary capillaries A. diffuses
47. The diaphragm _________ is changing the volume of the thoracic cavity to produce the needed
pressure differential for ventilation B. assist
48. The pleural cavity ___________ a small amount of lubricating fluid B. contains
49. My cousin’s asthma __________ by secondhand smoke A. is aggravated
50. The space between the right and left lungs __________ the mediastinum C. is called
51. Discharge from the nose rhinorrhea
52. Inflammation of ( mucous membranes of the ) nose rhindtis
53. Visual examination of larynx laryngoscopy
54. Inflammation of larynx laryngibis
55. Structure or narrowing of the larynx laryngostenosis
56. Dilation or expansion of the bronchus bronchiectasis
57. Disease of the bronchus bronchiopathy
58. Spasm of the bronchus bronchiospasm
59. Air in the chest (pleural space) pheumothorax
60. Inflammation of lungs pulmonitis pheumoxoibs
61. Specialist in lung ( disease) pulmonnologist
62. Pertaining to the lungs pulmonia
63. Difficult breathing dysphea
64. Slow breathing bradyphea
65. Rapid breathing tachypnea
66. The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen(O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
67. A factory neurons are receptors for the sense of smell
68. Air passes from the nasal cavity to the pharynx a muscular tube that serves as a passageway for
food and air
69. The pharynx consists of three sections: the (1) nasopheryna, posterior to the nose; the (2)
oropharynx; posterior to the mouth; and the (3) laryngopharynx superior to the larynx
70. The trachea and bronchi are composed of mucous membrane(mucosa) embedded with cilia
71. The lungs are divided into lobes : three lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left lung
72. Mediastinum contains the heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchi
73. External respiration which is the exchange of oxygenand carbon dioxide between the alveoli
and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
74. Internal respiration which is the exchange of O2 and CO2 between body cells and the blood in
systemic capillaries
75. The visual examination of the larynx by inserting a scope though the mouth is known as
laryngoscopy
76. Epiglottis seals off the air passage to the lungs during swallowing
77. The diaphragm is relaxed during expiration
78. The surgical removal of the larynx is known as a/an laryngectomy
79. Air enters the body through the nose and passes through the nasal cavity
80. The lungs and airways bring in fresh, oxygen enriched air and expel waste CO2 by a process
called breathing
81. Tachypnea D. rapid respiration
82. Hemoptysis K. coughing up or spitting of blood
83. Spirometer F. instrument for measuring breathing
84. Dysphonia A. bad or impaired voice quality
85. Hypoxemia C. deficiency of oxygen in the blood
86. Emphysema B. excessive fluid in the lungs
87. Pleurisy J. inflammation of the pleural membrane
88. Hypoxia G. deficiency of oxygen in tissues
89. Apnea H. temporary loss of breathing
90. Epistaxis I. nosebleed, nasal hemorrhage
91. Cartilage P. tough, elastic connective tissue
92. Cilia Q. any hair like structure
93. Atelectasis N. produced by body cell
94. Diffuse O. moving or spreading out of a substance at random
95. Mucous membrane L. moist tissue layer lining hollow organs and cavities of the body
96. F the right lung is smaller than the left lung
97. T the larynx is muscular and cartilaginous structure lined with mucous membrane at the upper
part of the trachea
 98. T descend means go or pass from a higher to a lower place, move or come down
99. F the second function of respiration is to obtain oxygen for use by the body’s cell
100. T the similarity of these structures to an inverted tree, this is referred to as the bronchial
tree
101. F the alveoli are not cup shaped structures found at the end of the terminal bronchioles
102. F the adam’s apple is most commonly enlarged and visible in human adults
103. F the epiglottis is a muscular funnel that extends from the esophagus
104. T air inhaled through the oral cavity enters the pharynx at the oropharynx
105. F pertussis is acute infectious disease characterized by a high fever
106. T pleurisy is inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain
that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing
107. F septum is wall consisting of two cavities, such as the nasal septum which separates the
two nostrils
108. T serous membrane is wide layer of tissue that covers internal body cavities, the cells of
which secrete a fluid that keeps the membrane moist
109. T asphyxia is condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
110. T atelectasis is collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and
affect all or part of a lung
111. A leaf-shaped structure on the of the larynx is called the epiglottis
• Салст бүрхүүлийн навч хэлбэрийн бүтцийг эпиглотит гэж нэрлэдэг
112. Olfactory neurons are receptors for the sense of smell and are covered with a layer of
mucus
• Хуучин үнэртэй мэдрэлийн эсүүд нь үнэрийн мэдрэмжийг хүлээн авагч бөгөөд салст
бүрхэвчээр бүрхэгдсэн байдаг
113. The trachea is composed of smooth muscle embedded with C-shaped cartilage
• Мөгөөрсөн хоолой нь C хэлбэрийн мөгөөрсөөр суулгагдсан гөлгөр булчингаас бүрдэнэ
114. The pharynx is a muscular tube that serves as a passageway for food and air
• Залгиур нь хоол хүнс, агаарт нэвтрэх гарц болж өгдөг булчингийн хоолой юм
115. Failure or deficiency of respiratory and cardiovascular system has the same effect on the
body
• . Амьсгалын болон зүрх судасны тогтолцооны дутагдал, дутагдал нь биед ижил нөлөө
үзүүлдэг
116. Гуурсан хоолой нь мөгөөрсөн хоолойнорс цааш үргэлжлэх мөн хагас цагирган
мөгөөрснөөч тогтсон хэсгийг хэлдэг.
• . The trachea is the part of the trachea that extends beyond the trachea and is formed
by a semicircular cartilage.

117. Цагаан мөгөөрсөн хоолой нь 2 хэсэгт хуваагддаг

• The trachea is divided into two parts

118. Амьсгалын замын болон уушгины өвчин, эмгэгийг судалж, эмчилдэг нарийн
мэргэжлийн эмчийг чих, хамар, хоолойн эмч гэдэг.
• . An ear, nose and throat doctor is a specialist who studies and treats respiratory and
lung diseases.

119. Амьсгал гэдэг нь бие махбод гадаад орчин 2-н хооронд тасралтгүй явагддаг хийн
солилцоо юм
• Breathing is the continuous exchange of gases between the body and the environment
 120. Салст бүрхэвч нь цусны судсаар маш баялаг, олон тооны уураглаг булчирхайнуудыг
агуулдаг
Хэвийн амьсгал авалт бол амьсгалын булчингийн хүчээр явагдах идэвхитэй үйл явц юм.
• The mucous membrane is very rich in blood vessels and contains a large number of
protein glands
Normal breathing is an active process carried out by the force of the respiratory
muscles.

Chapter 6
1. Which term describes the enlargement of adrenal glands? C. adrenomegaly
2. Which term describes the bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit A. exophthalmos
3. What is a hormone that helps the body react to a sudden threat or stress? B. adrenaline
4. What is a bodily system that uses hormones to regulate the body’s functions? B. endocrine
5. What is a bodily organ that creates a substance and releases it, often in the bloodstream?
B.gland
6. What is a small gland in the brain that produces the hormone melatonin? C. pineal body
7. What is a gland in the brain that emits numerous hormones to control body processes such
as growth, blood pressure, and sex organ functions? B. pituitary gland
8. What happens when melatonin production is high? A. a delay in puberty
9. How do hormones influence their target cells? C. by binding to receptors
10. Which term describes the excision of adrenal glands? C. adrenalectomy
11. What disease is caused by deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones? A.
addison disease
12. Which term describes the abnormally low level of glucose in the blood? C. hypoglycemia
13. What is a hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas? B. insulin
14. What is a hormone produced by alpha cells of the pancreas? A. glucagon
15. Which term describes the state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body? C.
homeostasis
16. What is a large gland in the neck that controls how the body uses energy and controls
proteins? C. thyroid gland
17. What is a hormone produced in the bodies of women which prepares the body to become
pregnant? B. progesterone
18. Which hormone reduces the diameter of blood vessels in the periphery? C.
norepinephrine
19. Which term describes the excessive thirst? B.polydipsia
20. Which of the following functions is not controlled by the pituitary gland? C. hunger
21. Where is the pineal body located? A. in the brain
22. Where is the pituitary gland located? C. below the hypothalamus
23. What does melatonin regulate? A. glucose level
24. What causes the kidneys to conserve sodium and excrete potassium? A. aldosterone
25. Which term describes the tumor of the islets of langerhans of the pancreas? A. insulinoma
26. What does the thyroid hormone increase? C. the rate of oxygen consumption
27. Which of the following hormones is not an iodine containing hormone? B. oxytocin
28. Which term describes the hypothyroidism in adulthood? A. myxedema
29. Where is the thyroid gland located? A. in the neck
30. What is a condition in which the thyroid is too active, making the heart function too quickly?
B. hyperthyroidism
31. What is the term resembling a normal thyroid gland? B. euthyroid
32. What is a condition in which you don’t have enough of insulin? A. hypoinsulinism
33. What does the parathyroid hormone help to regulate? A. calcium balance
34. Which of the following hormones is not a sex hormone? C. aldosterone
35. Which hormone influences the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins? A. cortisol
36. Which term describes the decreased concentration of sodium in the blood? B.
hyponatremia
37. Which of the following symptoms is not a symptom of the addison disease? A. hair growth
38. What is a hormone that may inhibits the activities of the ovaries? B. melatonin
39. What is the part of the brain that connects the nervous system with the endocrine system?
A. hypothalamus
40. What is the hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland? C. thyroxin
41. Which word describes the excessive accumulation of fat? C. obesity
42. Choose the sentence that maintains a parallel structure throughout B. I wore the white
coat, left the room, and examined the patient
43. A. epinephrine is responsible for maintaining blood pressure, keeping airways open wide
and raising blood levels
44. C. the teacher said that ha was a poor student because he waited until the last minute
to study for the exam, completed his lab problem in a careless manner, and lacked
motivation
45. C. important functions of the adrenal glands include helping regulate metabolism and
interacting with the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress
46. C. succeeding in school is all about reading closely, thinking critically, and making it to
class on time
47. A this insulin production causes glucose to enter body cells to be used for energy and
acts to clear glucose from the blood by promoting its storage as glycogen
48. B. I am allergic to the dog’s hair and its smell
49. C. the pituitary gland is the master gland because it regulating many body activities
and stimulates other glands to secrete their own specific hormones
50. A. main functions of the skeletal system are to support the body,(to) protect the
internal organs and (to) make the body movements
51. Blood condition of excessive glucose hyperglycemia
52. Blood condition of deficiency of glucose hyperglycemia
53. Formation of glycogen glycogenesis
54. Inflammation of the pancreas pancreatitis
55. Destruction of the pancreas pancreatolysis
56. Disease of the pancreas pancreatopathy
57. Inflammation of the thyroid gland thyroiditis
58. Enlargement of the thyroid thyroidomegaly
59. Resembling a normal thyroid gland euthyroid
60. Excision of a parathyroid gland parathyroidectomy
61. Removal of the adrenal gland adrenalectomy
62. Abnormal increase in the volume of plasma in the body hypervolemia
63. Abnormally low level of glucose in the blood hypolycemia
64. Glucose in the urine glylosuria
65. Excessive urination polyuria
81. euthyroid P. hormone produced by pancreatic beta cells
82. homeosrasis F. state of equilibrium in the internal environment of the body
83. target G. structure, organ or tissue to which something is directed
84. parathyroidectomy H.excision of ( one or more of the) parathyroid glands
85. hyperthyroidism M. condition of excessive thyroid gland
86. myxedema N. hypothyroidism in adulthood
87. humulin A. a form of insulin
88. type I diabetes B. the body does not produce sufficient insulin, usually diagnosed in
children and young adults and was previously called juvenile diabetes
89. glyeosuria E. abnormal amount of glucose, in the urine
90. thymoma O. tumor of the thymus gland
91. hormones L. chemical substances produced by specialized cells of the body
92. antagonistic C. acting in opposition; mutually opposing
93. morbid obesity I. body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or
more pounds over ideal body weight
94. target K. structure, organ, or tissue to which something is directed
95. acromegaly J. chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, market
enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw
96. F. the pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an apple sized organ located at the base of the
body
97. F the thyroid gland is the smallest gland of the endocrine system
98. T. thyroid hormone (TH) is the body’s major metabolic hormone
99. F. TH is actually four active iodine containing hormones, thyroxine (T4) and
triiodothyronine (T3)
100. F. the parathyroid glands consist of at least six separate glands located on the posterior
surface of the lobes of the thyroid gland
101. T. the only hormone known to be secreted by the parathyroid glands is parathyroid
hormone ( PTH)
102. T. the adrenal glands are paired organs covering the superior surface of the kidneys
103.F. the adrenal cortex secretes many types of stcroid hormones
104. T. glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol, influence the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins
105.T. cortisol also stimulates the breakdown of fats in adipose tissue and releases fatty
acids into the blood
106.F. the pancreas lies inferior to the rectum in a bend of the duodenum
107.F. A. large pancreatic duct runs through the liver, carrying metabolism
108.T the pineal gland is attached to the posterior part of the third ventricle of the brain
109.T. when melatonin production is high, ovulation is blocked, and there may be a delay in
puberty
110. T. the endocrine portion of the pancreas consists of groups of cells called islets of
langerhans
111. unfortunately, there are times when the body’s regulating mechanism does not operate
properly and hormone levels become excessive or deficient, causing various disorders
• харамсалтай нь бие махбодийн зохицуулах механизм хэвийн ажиллахгүй байх,
гормоны хэмжээ хэт их эсвэл дутагдалд орж янз бүрийн эмгэг үүсгэдэг