General

Chemistry 1 11
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 12: Molecular Formula Compounds
First Edition, 2020

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 General
Chemistry 1
11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 12
Molecular Formula Compounds
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module 12 on Molecular Formula

Compounds

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module 12 on Molecular Formula

Compounds

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts

and application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
This module is developed and designed for Senior High School STEM students.
Specifically, you are expected to:
1. define molecular formula.
2. determine the molecular formula of a compound given its
a. percent composition.
b. empirical formula and the molar mass.
3. appreciate the importance of molecular formula.

PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer:

1. A chemical formula that shows the actual number and kinds of atoms
present in one molecule of a compound is called .
A. Molecular formula
B. Empirical formula
C. Chemical formula
D. Ionic formula

2. Epinephrine (adrenaline) is a hormone secreted into the bloodstream in

times of stress. It contains 59.0% C, 7.15% H, 26.20% O, and 7.65% N and
has a molar mass of 183 g/mol. What is its molecular formula?
A. C 7H9N2O C. C9H13 NO3
B. C H N
5 11 3 2O D. C8H12NO2

3. What is the molecular formula for a compound with the empirical

formula: K2 SO4 and a molecular mass of 696g.
A. K2 SO4 C. K8 S4O8
B. K 8SO 16 D. K 8S4O16

4. What is the molecular formula for a compound with the empirical

formula: CaCl2 and a molecular mass of 330g.
A. Ca 2C14 C. Ca3Cl9
B. Ca 3Cl6 D. Ca3Cl9

5. What is the molecular formula if the empirical formula is CH 2O and the

molecular molar mass is 180.18?
A. CH2 O C. C4 H8O4
B. C H O
2 4 2 D. C6 H12O6
 RECAP
In your previous self learning module, you have learned about mole, molar
mass and percent composition. Recall also that empirical formulas are symbols
representing the relative numbers of a compound’s elements. Let us recall first your
knowledge about empirical formula before we proceed with new lesson. Answer the
following problems. Use separate sheet of paper as your answer sheet.

Determine the empirical formula of each compound from its % composition .

1. 30.4% nitrogen, 69.6 % oxygen

Element Mass Atomic mass Simplest ratio Empirical Structure

Formula

2. 17.6 % sodium , 39.7% chromium, 42.7% oxygen

Element Mass Atomic Simplest Empirical Structure

mass ratio Formula

LESSON

In the spread of the corona virus pandemic, chemists have focused their
work on searching for drugs to treat Covid-19. At present , chemists have screened
more than 400 variety of high antiviral associated compounds. When chemists
synthesized a new substance , it is usually analyzed quantitatively. In this way, the
percent composition of the substance can be identified.

From the compounds’ percent composition, you had learned that it can be
used to determine its empirical formula. You also learned that the empirical
formula consists of the symbols of all the elements present in the compound, with
its correct
subscripts. This time, we will now focus on the other formula which is the
molecular formula.

Determining the absolute numbers of atoms that compose a single molecule

of a covalent compound requires knowledge of both its empirical formula and its
molecular mass or molar mass. The molecular formula of a compound may also be
its empirical formula, or it may be a multiple of the empirical formula.

For example, the molecular formula of butene is C4 H8. It means that each
freely existing molecule of butene contains four atoms of carbon and eight atoms of
hydrogen. Its empirical formula is CH2.
Empirical and Molecular Formula of Butene

Empirical Molecular Structural

Formula Formula Formula

CH2 C2H4

Let us now have sample problem involving determination of molecular formula:

Sample Problem 1. Nicotine, an alkaloid in the nightshade family of plants that is

mainly responsible for the addictive nature of cigarettes, contains 74.02% C,
8.710% H, and 17.27% N. If 40.57 g of nicotine contains 0.2500 mol nicotine, what
is the molecular formula of nicotine?

Solution
Determining the molecular formula from the provided data will require
comparison of the compound’s empirical formula mass to its molar mass. As the first
step, use the percent composition to derive the compound’s empirical formula.
Assuming a 100-g sample of nicotine yields the following molar amounts of its
elements:

Next, we calculate the molar ratios of these elements relative to the least abundant
element, N.
The C-to-N and H-to-N molar ratios are adequately close to whole numbers, and so
the empirical formula is C5H7N. The empirical formula mass for this compound is
therefore 81.13 amu/formula unit, or 81.13 g/mol formula unit.
We calculate the molar mass for nicotine from the given mass and molar amount of
compound:

Comparing the molar mass and empirical formula mass indicates that each
nicotine molecule contains two formula units:

Thus, we can derive the molecular formula for nicotine from the empirical formula
by multiplying each subscript by two:

( C5 H7 N)2 = C10H17N4
Here’s now the comparison between empirical and molecular formula:
Emprirical Formula
The simplest form of expressing the elemental
composition of a compound.
Derived firsty from the weight percentages of
the elements present in a compound.
Contains the most simplified ratio of the moles
of elements in a compound
Not often used in reaction schemes
Molecular Formula
The actual representation of the elemental
composition of a compound.
Related to the tptal weight of the compound
in question and often is derived after obtaining
the empirical formula
Needs to be a multiple of the empirical formula
Commonly used in reactions and other
chemical recordings.
Pediao.com
 ACTIVITIES
Activity 1 Which of the following molecular formulas are also empirical formulas?

1.
Oxalic acid, H2C2O4 , found in spinach and tea
2.
DEET, C12H17ON, an insect repellent
3.
Benzene, C6 H6 highly flammable, gasoline like odor
4.
Ribose , C5H10O5 , sugar molecule in RNA
5.
Chlorophyll, C55H72 Mg N4O5 , part of photosynthesis
6.
Ethylene glycol,sweet tasting,antifreeze formulations
7.
Butene, colorless gases, present in crude oil

Activity 2. Determine the molecular formula of each compound given the

empirical formula and molecular mass.
Empirical Molecular n Molecular
Formula mass Formula
1. CH 78
2. NH2Cl 51.5
3. CH2 70
4. C3H5O2 60
5. NO2 92

Activity 3 Determine the empirical and molecular formula of each compound given
the % composition and the molecular mass.

Compound % Composition
& Molecular mass Empirical Molecular
Formula Formula
1. Cholesterol
84.00 % C, 11.85 % H, 4.15 % O
MM= 386 amu
2. Ascorbic acid
40.92 % C, 4.58 % H, 54.50 % O
MM= 176 amu
3. Epinephrine
59.0 % C , 7.1 % H, 26.2 % O , 7.7% N
MM= 180 amu
4. Caffeine
49.5% C, 5.2% H, 28.8% N, 16.5 % O
MM=194 amu
5. Nicotine
74.1% C, 8.6% H, 17.3 % N
MM= 160 amu
 WRAP–UP
Direction: Complete the given concept map below by filling up the boxes with the
appropriate concepts using the linking words/phrases as guide on how these
concepts are related to each other.

CONCEPTS:
Chemical formula Empirical formula
% ionic compounds
composition molecular atoms
mass subscripts
Molecular formula formula mass
molecular compunds

Source: Chemistry Skills Builder and Exercises, 2005.

 VALUING

Chemists, doctors and other experts keep on searching for new

chemicals that can be used as corona virus vaccine, because they believe that it is
the only way by which we can prevent the rapid spread of corona virus.
Furthermore, the skills and the ability of chemists to synthesize, formulate and
identify unknown components of substances will be of great help in this time of
continuous struggle to come up for the appropriate formulationof corona virus
vaccine. In what way, is the knowledge on empirical formula and molecular
formula of substances can be useful for a chemist in performing toxicological
and chemical analysis of the structure of corona virus?

After your SHS , do you want to be a chemist also? What career path do you
intend to pursue. Support your answer. You may use another sheet of paper for
your answers.
 POSTTEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer:

1. Which statement does NOT describe molecular formula?

A.
It describes the exact number and type of atoms in a single molecule of a
compound.
B.
It indicates the simplest whole number ratio of all the atoms in a molecule.
C. It describes the exact number and type of atoms in a single molecule of a
compound.
D.
It expresses information about the proportions of atoms that constitute a
compound.

2. Compound of carbon and hydrogen contains 92.3% C and has a molar mass of
78.1 %g/mol. What is its molecular formula?
A. CH C. C6H6
B. C 3H 3 D. C2H2

3. Dichloroethane, a compound that is often used for dry cleaning, contains carbon,
hydrogen, and chlorine. It has a molar mass of 99 g/mol. Analysis of a sample
shows that it contains 24.3% carbon and 4.1% hydrogen. What is its molecular
formula?
A.
C2H4Cl2 C. CH2Cl2
B.
C2H2Cl2 D. CHCl2

4. What is the molecular mass of the compound having the empirical

formula CH4N and molecular mass of 78amu ?

A.
CHN B. C 3H3N C. C3H6N D. C3H12N3

5. If a compound has a molecular mass of 32 amu and having an empirical

formula of NH2 , what is molecular formula of the compound?

A. NH4 C. N2H4
B. N2H6 D. N2H2
 REFERENCES
n.d.
https://enerytedtbQ.gestatic.com/images?q=tbn963AAANd90cTVF61oyD4pBevRBGLoWsbul
AVAw&usqp=CAU. Accessed July 2020.

n.d. https://quizzz.com/admin/quiz/58ae32c34be65a7f706b3724/empirical-and-molecular-formulas.
Accessed July 12, 2020.

n.d. https://reviewgamezone.com/me
/candidate/test/?test_id=299551&title=empirical%20And%2995. Accessed July 12, 2020.

n.d. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cO/Methyl-benzoate-200.svg. Accessed

July 2020.

2020. Https://www.sciencedaily.com/release/2020/04/200406190509.htm. April 6. Accessed July 12,

2020.

Ilao, Luciana V., Betty M. Lontoc, Edwehna Elinore S. Paderna-Gayon, and Josefina G. Belen. 2017.
General Chemistry 1. Manila: REX Book Store.

Maderal, Chona, Ma. Cristina C. Domingo, and Roberto V. Anir. 2005. CHEMISTRY Skills Builder and
Exercises. Quezon City: Great Minds Book Sales, Inc.