General

Chemistry 1 11
General Chemistry 1 – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 12: Stoichiometry I.
First Edition, 2020

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 General
Chemistry 1
11
Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 15
Stoichiometry I.
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module 15 on Stoichiometry I.

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
 For the Learner:

Welcome to the Chemistry 1 Self-Learning Module 15 on Stoichiometry I.

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest – This measures how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS

This module is developed and designed for Senior High School Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) students. This module is about
stoichiometry.
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. explain the concepts behind stoichiometry;
2. calculate the amount of reactant needed or amount of product formed in terms of moles
3. appreciate the essence of stoichiometry in our daily life

PRE–TEST

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Consider the hypothetical chemical reaction represented by the equation

3 A + 2 B → A3B2
Which of the following is a correct interpretation of this equation?
I. 3 grams of A react with 2 grams of B to form 1 gram of A3B2
II. 3 atoms of A react with 2 atoms of B to form 1 molecule of A3B2
III. 3 moles of A react with 2 moles of B to form 1 mole of A3B2

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. II and III

2. The formation of nitric acid is shown by the following reaction:

3NO2 + H2O → 2HNO+NO. What can you infer from this equation?

A. The given reaction is balanced

B. The given reaction is unbalanced C
C. The given reaction is partially balanced
D. It is not feasible

3. How many moles of H2O could be produced from 3 moles of oxygen?

A. 3 moles B. 6 moles C. 9 moles D.12 moles

 4. Nitrogen oxide is oxidized in air to give brown nitrogen dioxide as shown by
the following equation: 2NO(g) + O2(g)→2 NO2(g). If there is 2.2 moles of NO,
of O2 is needed for complete reaction to produce of NO2.

A. 2.2 moles; 2.2 moles

B. 1.1 moles ; 2.2 moles
C. 1.1 moles ; 3.3 moles
D. 1.0 moles ; 2.0 moles

5. Boron carbonate decomposes into boron oxide and carbon dioxide. How many
moles of CO2 are produced when 1.4 mol of boron carbonate decomposes
completely?

A.1.42moles B. 2.4 moles C. 4.2 moles D. 8.4 moles

RECAP

Let us try to review the concepts about your previous lesson about chemical
equations. Accomplish the table below by writing the balanced reaction and by
identifying the type of reaction. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Balanced Reaction Type of reaction

1. _NO(g) + O2(g) → _NO2(g)
2. _KCl(s) → _K(s) + Cl2(g)
3. _KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → _KNO3(aq) + PbI2(s)
4. _K + _H2O → _KOH + H2
5 _C2H6 + _O2 → _CO2 + _H2O

LESSON

Imagine you are cooking some dishes for your family, friends or even with a
special someone. What would be your first step? Will you proceed into cooking the
dishes right away? No, right? We could agree that your first step is to determine the
specific ingredients you need, as well as the exact amount you will use to cook a
specific dish. Imagine if you will not consider these things before cooking a dish? It
might be a misery in the kitchen wherein you might waste some of your time by
getting outside your house buying all the stuffs you need that weren’t available on
 the time you start. Worst case, since you aren’t able to determine the right amount
of ingredients you need in cooking, the taste of a certain dish might not be desirable.

Likewise,in chemistry we have at topic which involves calculating the

amount of something to produce the exact amount of something that you want.
Calculations involving predictions of the masses of substances and volumes of
solution involving a chemical reaction is the basic procedures we need to determine
the amount of product to expect from a reaction, or the amount of reactant required
to make a desired amount of product. Anchored with these types of calculations is a
quantitative aspect of chemical reactions called stoichiometry.

Before proceeding any calculation involving stoichiometry, it is a must that

you will work on a balanced equation of the reaction. Recall that the stoichiometric
coefficient in a particular chemical equation shows us the relative amount (often
expressed in moles) of a substance that is either reacted or produced. Let us study
this reaction:
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 H2O (l)

This tells us that to produce 2 moles of water molecules, one mole of oxygen gas is
required to react with 2 moles of hydrogen gas. Therefore, we could write that

2 mol H2 ≏ 1 mole O2

1 mole of O2 ≏ 2 moles H2O

The sign “≏” is read as “stoichiometrically equivalent to,” and these expressions are
called stoichiometric relations.

Let us try to use these stoichiometric relations to answer these problems.

Sample Problem 1:

Ammonia (NH3), is known for its role in the industry as an essential raw material
for the production of agricultural fertilizers and synthetic fibers. It is produced by
reacting nitrogen and hydrogen gases:

3H2 (g) + N2 → 2NH3 (g)

a.
How many moles of NH3 will be produced if 20.9 moles H2 react completely with
N2?
b.
How many moles of N2 are needed to produce 37.5 moles NH3?

Strategy:
The balanced equation says that 3 moles H2 are stoichiometrically equivalent to 1
mole N2 and to 2 moles NH3. The ratio of moles H2 to moles NH3 is 3:2; the ratio of
moles N2 to moles NH3 is 1:2. These stoichiometric ratios are often used to answer
stoichiometric problems.
Solution:

2 moles NH3
a. 20.9 moles H2 × = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟗 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐍𝐇𝟑
3 moles H2

1 mole N2
b. 37.5 moles NH3 × = 𝟏𝟖. 𝟖 𝐦𝐨𝐥𝐞𝐬 𝐍𝟐
2 moles NH 3
2 moles NH3
Focus on 3 moles H2
and 1 mole N2
parts of each calculation. These are called mole
2 moles NH3
ratios that show the stoichiometric relationship that exist between the reactant and
product which is necessary to perform these types of calculations.
Sample Problem 2:

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is often used as mineral supplement used to treat or

prevent low levels of magnesium in blood. The formation of the said compound is
shown by this reaction: 2Mg + O2 →2MgO

a. How many moles of MgO are produced from the complete reaction of 54.7 g Mg?
b. How many moles of Mg are needed to produce 412 g of MgO in the complete
reaction of Mg with oxygen gas?

Strategy:
In answering this type of problem, we need to take note of the moles and mass ratios
that exist between the reactants and product. Based on the balanced reaction of the
given problem, 2 moles of Mg are stoichiometrically equivalent to 2 moles MgO.
Another relationship exist that 1 mole of oxygen gas is stoichiometrically equivalent
to 2 moles MgO. To answer this problem let us follow this the figure below:

Amount (mol) of Amount (mol) of

Mass (g) of reactant
reactant product

Molar Mass of the reactant Mole ratio for the reaction

Solution:

1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑀𝑔 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑔𝑂

𝑎 .54.7 𝑀𝑔 × × = 2.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑔𝑂
24.305 𝑔 𝑀 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑔
𝑏 . 412 𝑔 𝑀𝑔𝑂 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑀𝑔𝑂 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑔
× = 10.2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑔
× 40.30 𝑔 𝑀𝑔 2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑔𝑂
 ACTIVITIES

Activity 1. Directions: Solve the following problems by first supplying the missing
mass or mole ratios and compute for the final answer.

1. Solid lithium carbonate is known for treating bipolar disorder by stabilizing the
mood and reduce extreme behavior by restoring the balance of certain
neurotransmitters in the brain. It can be synthesized by reacting lithium hydroxide
(LiOH) with carbon dioxide gas (CO2) as shown by the following chemical equation:

2 LiOH(s) + CO2(g) →Li2CO3 (s) + H2O (l)

Determine the moles of Li2CO3 that can be synthesized from 785.2 g LiOH.
𝐴 𝐵
785.2 𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 × × = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝑖2C𝑂3 (𝐷)
23.95 𝑔 𝐿𝑖𝑂𝐻 𝐶

2. Potassium chloride is known to treat low blood levels of potassium in the human
body (hypokalemia). Determine the moles of KCl that can be obtain from 236.8 g of
K.
2 K + Cl2 → 2 KCl

236.8 𝑔 𝐾 × 𝐸 𝐹
× = 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝐾𝐶𝑙 (𝐻)
39.09 𝑔 𝐾

Activity 2. Directions: Perform the needed calculations for the problem below.
Show your complete calculations in a clean sheet of paper. Encircle your final
answer

1. What amount (in moles) of NH3 can be produced from 2.0 mol H2 in the reaction
N2(g) +3 H2(g) → 2NH3(g)

2. In the space shuttle fuel cell, oxygen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce
water, which is essential for life support in space. Calculate the amount of water
formed if 8.14 moles of O2 reacts with enough hydrogen gas.

3. Aluminum Oxide is formed when aluminum combines with oxygen gas in the air.
Determine the amount of Al2O3 in moles are formed when 23.6 g of Al reacts
completely with oxygen? Molar mass: Al=26.98 g/mol

4 Al + 3 O2 → 2 Al2O3

4. Potassium chlorate (KClO3) is known to be a strong oxidizing agent that has been
a component for explosives, fireworks, safety matches, and disinfectants. Consider
the following reaction: 2 KClO3 → 2 KCl + 3 O2 Molar mass: O2= 32 g/mol,
KClO3=122.55 g/mol

a. How many moles of KClO3 are required to produce 22.8 grams oxygen gas, O2?
b. How many moles of KCl will be produced from the total decomposition of 148.8
grams KClO3?
 WRAP–UP

Directions: Supply the needed terms on the diagrams below to summarize our
lesson for today about stoichiometry. Choices are found inside the box below.

Moles of product Moles of reactant

Mole ratio Mass of Product
Molar mass of product Molar mass of reactant
Mass ratio
Mass of reactant

I. For a problem involving calculation from moles of reactant to moles of product

Is converted to
using
1 2 3

II. For a problem involving calculation from mass of reactant to moles of product

Is converted
Is converted
to Is converted
to using to

4 5 7
6 8
 VALUING

Recall that studying stoichiometry enables us to calculate the exact amount

of reactants we need to synthesize a specific amount of product. It also enables us
to avoid guessing or overusing such chemicals to produce a certain compound. Now
let us think deeper with these realizations.

1. What will be the disadvantages if there is the presence of miscalculation with

respect to the amount of materials or chemicals in a certain chemical reaction?

2. What certain activities in your life that you could apply the concepts or the essence
of studying stoichiometry?

POSTTEST

Choose and write the letter of the best answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which conversion factor do you use first to calculate the moles of FeCl3 produced
by the reaction of 40.9 g of Fe with Cl2?
A.1 mol Fe /55.845 g Fe
B. 3 mol Cl2/ 2 mol Fe
C. 35.453 g Cl2 /1 g Fe
D. 162.2 g FeCl3 /2 mol FeCl3

2. Which of the following set of coefficients will make the following chemical
equation balanced: C2H4 + O2 → CO2 + H2O
A. 1, 1, 1, 1 C. 1, 3, 2, 2
B. 2, 3, 1, 1 D. 2,1,1,2

3. How many moles of NaCl can be produced from 9.2 moles of Cl2?
2 Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
A. 12.9 moles C. 18.4 moles
B. 4.6 moles D. 1.18 moles

4. In the reaction given below, if 12 moles of aluminum oxide are consumed,

how many moles of oxygen gas are produced? 2 Al2O3 4 Al + 3 O2?
A. 2 moles C. 15 moles
B. 6 moles D. 18 moles

5. In the reaction 2CO(g) + O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g), what is the ratio of moles of
oxygen used to moles of CO2 produced?
A. 1:1 B. 1:2 C. 2:1 D . 2:2
 KEY TO CORRECTION

REFERENCES
Atkins, Peter, Lorreta Jones, and Leroy Laverman. 2013. Chemical Principles: The
Quest for Insight. 6th. W.H. Freeman.
Brown, Theodore L., H. Eugene LeMay Jr. , Bruce E. Bursten , Catherine J.
Murphy, Patrick M. Woodward, and Matthew W. Stoltzfus. 2015. Chemistry:
The Central Science. 13th. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.

Chang, Raymond. 2007. General Chemistry: The Essenstial Concepts. 9th. New
York, New York: McGraw Hill Higher Education.