PRESENT PERFECT

The perfect present is roughly equivalent yo the spanish present perfect. We will se
the differences in the section on applications.

We use the present perfect tense to say taht an action happened at an unspecified
time before now.

let’s take a walk and run through the rules for forming and usin the tense.

BEFORE WE BEGIN, LET´S REVIEW THE VERB: ‘TO HAVE’

we will use this verb as a helping verb when forming the present perfect

This tense is formed using two components:

 The helping verb have (in the present tense)
 The past participle form of a verb

So let´s see what if looks like altogether

 The boat has sunk

 She has collected
 I have watched
 My sister has swum
 Our guest has arrived
  The teacher has said

ESTRUCTURE

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES

Subjec + auxiliary verb (to have) + past participle

Example:

 She´s gone to Word

 We´ve been to London

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Subject + auxiliary verb (to have) + ‘’not´´ + past participle

Example:

 I haven´t takhed to peter

 They haven´t learned english

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject + past participle

Example:

 Have you been to London?

 Has she gone to work

Present perfect is used to describe an experience. Did not use it for specifie actions.

Example:

 I have never flown in a plane

 He has worked in many different museums
 We have been to rio de janeiro