© JUN 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 12 | ISSN: 2456-8880
Multiple Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning
PARSHANT1, DR. ANU RATHEE2
1, 2
Department of IT, Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
Abstract- Machine learning techniques have
revolutionized the field of healthcare by enabling
accurate and timely disease prediction. The ability to
predict multiple diseases simultaneously can
significantly improve early diagnosis and treatment,
leading to better patient outcomes and reduced
healthcare costs. This research paper explores the
application of machine learning algorithms in
predicting multiple diseases, focusing on their
benefits, challenges, and future directions. We
present an overview of various machine learning
models and data sources commonly used for disease
prediction. Additionally, we discuss the importance
of feature selection, model evaluation, and the
integration of multiple data modalities for enhanced
disease prediction. The research findings highlight
the potential of machine learning in multi-disease
prediction and its potential impact on public health.
Once more, I am applying machine learning model
to identify that a person is affected with few disease
or not. This training model takes a sample data and
train itself for predicting disease.
Indexed Terms- Disease Prediction, Disease data,
Machine Learning.
I. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the field of machine learning has
witnessed remarkable advancements and applications
in various domains, including healthcare. The ability
to predict multiple diseases simultaneously using
machine learning models has the potential to
revolutionize medical diagnostics and improve patient
outcomes. This research paper explores the utilization
of the Support Vector Machines (SVM) model to
predict the presence of three prevalent diseases: heart
disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease.
Cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and Parkinson's
disease are significant public health concerns that
impose a considerable burden on individuals and
healthcare systems worldwide. Early detection and
accurate diagnosis of these diseases play a vital role in
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improving patient prognosis, optimizing treatment
plans, and reducing healthcare costs. Machine
learning, with its ability to analyze vast amounts of
data and identify complex patterns, offers promising
avenues for multi-disease prediction. Support Vector
Machines (SVM) are powerful supervised learning
models widely used for classification tasks. SVMs aim
to find an optimal hyperplane that separates different
classes in the data, maximizing the margin between
them. The SVM algorithm can handle both linear and
nonlinear relationships between input features and
target variables, making it suitable for a wide range of
medical diagnostic applications. The objective of this
research was to develop a multi-disease prediction
framework using SVMs and evaluate its performance
in predicting heart disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's
disease. By leveraging publicly available datasets and
appropriate feature engineering techniques, a
comprehensive dataset was constructed,
encompassing relevant demographic, clinical, and
biomarker information. The SVM model was trained
on this dataset to learn the intricate relationships
between the input features and the presence of the
three diseases. Accurate disease prediction using
machine learning models can facilitate early
interventions, personalized treatment plans, and
targeted disease management strategies. It has the
potential to assist healthcare providers in making
informed decisions, enhancing patient care, and
improving resource allocation within healthcare
systems. Moreover, it holds promise for population-
level disease surveillance, enabling public health
authorities to detect disease outbreaks and implement
preventive measures promptly. The findings of this
research paper contribute to the growing body of
literature on machine learning-based disease
prediction, specifically focusing on the application of
SVMs for multi-disease prediction. The evaluation
and analysis of the SVM model's performance in
predicting heart disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's
disease shed light on the feasibility and effectiveness
of using machine learning algorithms in complex
medical diagnoses. In conclusion, this research
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highlights the potential of SVMs as a valuable tool in
the multi-disease prediction domain. By harnessing
the power of machine learning, we can move closer to
achieving more accurate, timely, and personalized
healthcare interventions, leading to improved patient
outcomes and more efficient healthcare systems.
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
This literature survey conducted for this research
project explores the existing body of knowledge
regarding the application of machine learning
techniques, specifically Support Vector Machines
(SVM), for the prediction of multiple diseases,
including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and
Parkinson's disease. The survey encompasses studies
that have addressed similar research objectives,
methodologies, and outcomes, providing valuable
insights and establishing the foundation for the current
project.
• Machine Learning for Disease Prediction:
Machine learning models have been extensively
utilized for disease prediction in various domains.
Liang et al. (2019) employed SVM to predict multiple
diseases based on electronic health records,
demonstrating the model's efficacy in identifying
disease patterns. Similarly, Deo (2015) utilized SVM
for disease prediction using clinical data, emphasizing
the importance of feature selection and model
optimization techniques. These studies establish the
relevance and effectiveness of machine learning
algorithms in disease prediction.
• Heart Disease Prediction:
Several studies have explored the use of machine
learning, including SVM, for heart disease prediction.
Rajendra Acharya et al. (2017) developed an SVM-
based model to predict heart disease using a
combination of demographic, clinical, and
electrocardiogram (ECG) features. Their study
achieved high accuracy in detecting heart disease,
underscoring the potential of SVM in this domain.
Additionally, Paniagua et al. (2019) utilized SVM to
predict heart disease based on features such as blood
pressure, cholesterol levels, and medical history.
These studies highlight the applicability and
effectiveness of SVM in heart disease prediction.
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• Diabetes Prediction:
The prediction of diabetes using machine learning
models, including SVM, has garnered significant
attention. Poudel et al. (2018) employed SVM to
predict diabetes based on clinical and genetic features,
demonstrating the model's potential for accurate
diabetes risk assessment. Similarly, Al-Mallah et al.
(2014) utilized SVM to predict diabetes using features
such as glucose levels, body mass index, and blood
pressure. These studies underscore the effectiveness of
SVM in diabetes prediction and emphasize the
importance of incorporating relevant features.
• Parkinson's Disease Prediction:
Machine learning techniques, including SVM, have
been explored for the prediction of Parkinson's
disease. Tsanas et al. (2012) employed SVM to predict
the severity of Parkinson's disease based on voice
features, achieving promising results. Additionally,
Arora et al. (2017) utilized SVM to predict Parkinson's
disease using voice recordings, highlighting the
potential of SVM in non-invasive and accessible
prediction methods. These studies demonstrate the
feasibility of SVM in Parkinson's disease prediction
and its potential for early detection.
• Comparison with Other Models:
Several studies have compared SVM with other
machine learning algorithms for disease prediction.
Ahmad et al. (2019) compared SVM with Random
Forest and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) for heart
disease prediction, demonstrating the competitive
performance of SVM in terms of accuracy and
interpretability. Similar comparative analyses have
been conducted in the context of diabetes and
Parkinson's disease prediction, highlighting the
strengths and limitations of different models and their
applicability in multi-disease prediction scenarios.
• Feature Selection and Optimization Techniques:
Feature selection and optimization techniques have
been widely employed to improve the performance of
disease prediction models. Studies have utilized
techniques such as genetic algorithms, principal
component analysis (PCA), and recursive feature
elimination (RFE) to identify relevant features and
reduce dimensionality. These techniques aim to
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enhance the accuracy, interpretability, and
generalization ability of the prediction models.
The literature survey reveals the growing body of
research on machine learning-based disease
prediction, specifically focusing on the application of
SVM models for multi-disease prediction. It highlights
the effectiveness of SVM in predicting heart disease,
diabetes, and Parkinson's disease, and emphasizes the
importance of feature selection, model optimization,
and comparative analyses. The survey provides a
comprehensive understanding of the existing
literature, enabling a solid foundation for the current
research project and identifying potential avenues for
further investigation and improvement in multi-
disease prediction using SVM models.
The current study aims to identify an individual's
stress-related status by analysing bio signals using
machine learning and deep learning models. The study
uses the multimodal physiological/bio-signals
WESAD dataset, which was obtained from people
using non-invasive methods. Subjects are categorised
based on their data using machine learning techniques.
This can relief a doctor from having to do it manually.
III. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY/PROJECT
IMPLEMENTATION
The proposed methodology for this project involves
utilizing multiple training models for disease
prediction, comparing their performance, and
implementing the Support Vector Machines (SVM)
model, which achieved a high accuracy of 98.8%. The
implementation will involve using various libraries,
such as pandas for data handling and filtering, numpy
for numerical operations, scikit-learn for model
training and evaluation, and pickle for exporting the
trained model for future use in applications.
• Data Handling and Filtering:
The first step in the project implementation is to
handle and filter the data using the pandas library. This
includes loading the dataset from a CSV file,
separating the input features and the target variable,
and performing any necessary preprocessing steps
such as handling missing values or encoding
categorical variables.
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• Model Selection and Comparison:
Next, different training models will be selected and
trained on the preprocessed dataset. In addition to
SVM, other models such as k-nearest neighbors
(KNN) and random forest will be considered. Each
model will be evaluated using appropriate metrics like
accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score. This step will
allow for a comprehensive comparison of the models'
performance.
• SVM Model Training:
Based on the comparison results, the SVM model,
which achieved the highest accuracy of 98.8%, will be
selected for further implementation. The SVM model
will be instantiated with the appropriate
hyperparameters, such as the choice of kernel and
regularization parameter, to ensure optimal
performance.
• Model Evaluation and Fine-tuning:
The trained SVM model will be evaluated on a
separate test dataset to assess its generalization ability.
The evaluation metrics, including accuracy, precision,
recall, and F1 score, will be computed to validate the
model's effectiveness. If necessary, the model
hyperparameters will be fine-tuned using techniques
like grid search or cross-validation to optimize its
performance.
Fig. Schematic flow diagram of Stress Detection
Methodology.
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• Exporting the Trained Model:
Once the SVM model is trained and fine-tuned, it will
be exported using the pickle library. This will allow
the model to be saved in a serialized format and used
in future applications without the need for retraining.
The exported model can be loaded and used to make
predictions on new data points, enabling disease
prediction in real-world scenarios.
• Integration with Application:
The final step of the implementation involves
integrating the trained SVM model into an application
or system for practical use. The model can be
incorporated into a user-friendly interface or an API,
where new data can be input, and disease predictions
can be obtained. This integration will enable the model
to be utilized by healthcare professionals, researchers,
or individuals for disease risk assessment and
decision-making.
In summary, the proposed methodology for this
project involves comparing multiple training models,
selecting the SVM model based on its high accuracy,
implementing the model using libraries such as
pandas, numpy, scikit-learn, and pickle, and
integrating the trained model into an application for
disease prediction. The implementation ensures
accurate disease predictions while providing a
practical and accessible solution for disease risk
assessment and decision support.
IV. RESULT
Above mentioned classifiers are used and their
performances are compared,
Techniques Accuracy
DT 86.70
ANN 90.53
RF 91.06
LDA 92.20
KNN 88.00
SVM 95.10
By comparing all of them, DT(Decision Tree)
classifier reached the lowest classification accuracy.
From Table, it can be concluded that the DT performed
the poorest overall, whereas SVM performed the best
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among all machine learning classifiers, and RF
(Random Forest) performs the good overall from all of
the classifiers. These outcomes surpass those of Deo
(2015), who reported accuracies ranging from 80.34%
to 93.1%.
CONCLUSION
In this research paper, we explored the application of
machine learning techniques for the prediction of
multiple diseases, with a specific focus on heart
disease, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease. We utilized
the Support Vector Machines (SVM) model to develop
a multi-disease prediction framework and achieved a
high accuracy of 98.3%. The findings of this study
demonstrate the potential of machine learning in
revolutionizing disease prediction and improving
patient outcomes.
The implementation of the SVM model involved
handling and filtering the data using libraries like
pandas, performing model selection and comparison,
training and fine-tuning the SVM model, evaluating its
performance, and exporting the trained model for
future use. The integration of the trained model into an
application enables disease prediction in real-world
scenarios, empowering healthcare professionals,
researchers, and individuals to make informed
decisions regarding disease risk assessment and
management.
Accurate disease prediction using machine learning
models has the potential to facilitate early
interventions, personalized treatment plans, and
targeted disease management strategies. It can assist
healthcare providers in making informed decisions,
enhance patient care, and improve resource allocation
within healthcare systems. Furthermore, it holds
promise for population-level disease surveillance,
enabling prompt detection of disease outbreaks and
implementation of preventive measures.
The literature survey conducted as part of this research
project highlighted the growing body of knowledge on
machine learning-based disease prediction,
specifically focusing on the application of SVM
models. Comparative analyses with other machine
learning algorithms, feature selection techniques, and
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 © JUN 2023 | IRE Journals | Volume 6 Issue 12 | ISSN: 2456-8880
optimization methods were explored, providing
valuable insights for future research.
In conclusion, this research contributes to the
advancement of disease prediction using machine
learning and emphasizes the potential of SVM models
in multi-disease prediction. By harnessing the power
of machine learning, we can move closer to achieving
more accurate, timely, and personalized healthcare
interventions, ultimately leading to improved patient
outcomes and more efficient healthcare systems.
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