UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR

SPECIAL/SUPPLEMENTARY EXAMINATION

2nd YEAR EXAMINATION FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF

SCIENCE NURSING AND PUBLIC HEALTH (UPGRADING)

COURSE CODE/TITLE: HNS 308 BIOSTATISTICS

END OF SESSION: I, DURATION: 3 HOURS

DAY/TIME: MONDAY: 9.00 - 12.00N DATE: 16/05/2016 ( )

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL EXAMS

SECTION A (20 MARKS)

1. A patient goes for a test three times. The probability that he tests positive of the disease is 0.5 .
What is the probability that the patient will test positive of the disease exactly one time?

(A) 0.125 (B) 0.250 (C) 0.333 (D) 0.375 (E) 0.500

2. The following sample was obtained from group of high blood pressure patients. 2, 3, 7, 8,9,10
what is the standard error of the mean of this sample
a. 2.86 b. 4.04 c. 1.65 d. 3.34

3. A variable is a
A. subset of the population.
B. parameter of the population.
C. relative frequency.
D. characteristic of the population to be measured.
4. The hypotheses H0:  = 350 versus Ha:  < 350 are examined using a sample of size n =20. The
one-sample t statistic has the value t = –1.68. What do we know about the Pvalue
of this test?
A) P-value < 0.01 B) 0.01 < P-value < 0.025 C) 0.025 < P-value < 0.05 D) P-value
> 0.05

5. The probability of committing a Type I error is called _______.

A.  B.  C.  D. 

6. A sample of size n = 27 is used to conduct a significance test for H0: mean = 75 versus Ha: Mean >
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75. The test statistic is t = 3.45. What are the degrees of freedom for this test statistic?
A) 26 B) 27 C) 74 D) 75

7.Consider the following null and alternative hypotheses. H 0 :   78 H a :   81

These hypotheses _______________.

A. are not mutually exclusive
B. are not collectively exhaustive
C. do not reference a population parameter
D. are established correctly
8. A national achievement test is administered to nurses annually. The test has a mean score of 100
and a standard deviation of 15. If Jane’s z-score is 1.20, what was her score on the test?
A) 82 B) 118 C) 100 D) 112
9. Which of the following is an example of nominal qualitative variable
a. Blood pressure level.
b. The number of times a child brush his/her teeth.
c. Whether or not someone fail in an exam.
d. Weight of babies at birth.
e. The time to run a certain distance.

10. If you achieved a p-value of 0.04 on a two-tailed test, what would the equivalent one-tailed p-
value be?
A 0.2 B 0.02 C 0.002 D.0.06
11. Under what circumstances would you use a non- parametric test?
A. When you do not really understand a parametric test
B. When the sample size is too big
C. In a pilot study
D. When your data does not meet the assumptions for a parametric test
12. The stem plot below shows the number of patients who reported for X-ray due to road accidents
followed for some days.

80 1
70
60 4 7
50 2 2 6
40 0 2 5 7 9 9
30 5 7 9
20 7 9
10 1

Which of the following statements is true

I. The range is 70
II. The median is 46

A) I only B) II only C) I and II D) Neither is true.

13. The larger the level of confidence, C, the ______ the confidence interval.
A) smaller B) larger C) None of the above.

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14.The figure below shows a boxplot

The interquartile range of this data is

a. 7. b. 5.5 c. 15 d. 8

15. In testing hypotheses, the researcher initially assumes that the _______.
A. alternative hypothesis is true.
B. null hypothesis is true
C. errors cannot be made
D. the population parameter of interest is known

16.Which of the following is not an ordinal variable

a. Level of satisfaction
b. Stage of disease
c. Religious affiliation
d. Severity of pain

17.Below, the cumulative frequency plot shows height (in inches) of college basketball players.

What is the interquartile range?

(A) 3 inches (B) 6 inches (C) 25 inches (D) 50 inches (E) None of the above
Use for question 18-20 below .The tail area above a test statistic value of z = 1.812 is 0.035.
18 If the alternative hypothesis is of the form Ha:    o , the data are statistically significant at

significance level  = 0.05.

a. True b) False

19 ) If the alternative hypothesis is of the form Ha:    o , the data are statistically significant at

significance level  = 0.10.

a. True b) False

20) If the alternative hypothesis is of the form Ha:    o ,the data are statistically significant at

significance level  = 0.05.

a. True b) False

QUESTION ONE(10 MARKS)

a) A neuropsychologist was interested in how Monkeys learn to perfom a task.The task was to

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 retrieve a coconut from the opposite side of a river. 15 wild monkeys were assigned to one of
the three conditions: observing a monkey(they watched another monkey retrieve the coconut
by building a bridge across the stream),Observing a human(they watched a human solve the
task),banana reward (they were allowed to do what they wanted but every time they engaged
in behavior that facilitated solving the task they were rewarded with a banana .After learning,
the monkeys were required to solve the problem again and the time taken to solve the
problem was measured.
Banana Reward Observing Monkey Observing Human
1 7 15
1 15 8
7 1 13
13 8 13
13 9 6
Carry out a one-way ANOVA to test the hypothesis that some forms of learning are more
successful than others [6 marks]

b) A simple random sample of six male patients over the age of 65 is being used in a blood
pressure study. The standard error of the mean blood pressure of these six men was 22.8.
What is the standard deviation of these six blood pressure measurements?
[ 4 marks]
QUESTION TWO (10 MARKS)
The data from the two periods was given as follows.
Period 1: 77 79 85 58 97 94 82 81 75 63 60 92 75 98 83 58 72 57 70 81
Period 2: 57 60 88 85 79 70 65 98 97 59 58 65 62 77 77 75 73 69 82 81
Find
a) The mean and the sample variance of the two periods
b) The 99% confidence interval for the difference of the two means
[10 marks]
QUESTION THREE (10 MARKS)
a) The following data were obtained from 585 employees with a similar job. A test was carried
out to check whether they had a particular disease. At 5% level of significance, is there a
relation between absence of the disease and gender?
[6 marks]
Sickness absence
No Yes
Gender Female 245 184
Male 98 58

b) As part of a study of the treatment of diabetes in patients researchers measured the blood
pressure levels in 36 patients who had been injected with insulin. The sample mean of blood
pressure was 94 mmHg and the standard deviation was 8mmHg. Construct and interpret a
95% confidence interval for the population mean
[4 marks]
QUESTION FOUR (10 MARKS)
The duration of time from first exposure to HIV infection to AIDS diagnosis is called the incubation
period. The incubation periods of a random sample of 7 HIV infected individuals is given below (in
years):
12.0 10.5 9.5 6.3 13.5 12.5 7.2
i. Calculate the sample mean. [2maks]
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 ii. Calculate the sample standard deviation. [4 marks]
iii. Find a 99 % confidence interval for the mean [4 marks]

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

QUESTION ONE (20 MARKS)

a) The purpose of a study by Tam, was to investigate wheelchair Maneuvering in individuals with
over-level spinal cord injury (SCI) And healthy control (C). Subjects used a modified a wheelchair to
incorporate a rigid seat surface to facilitate the specified experimental measurements. The data for
measurements of the left ischial tuerosity .for SCI and control C are shown below

C 131 115 124 131 122 117 88 114 150 169

SCI 60 150 130 180 163 130 121 119 130 143

Test whether the mean of the control ( C ) is lower than the mean of SCI at alpha = 0.05

b) Students were given different drug treatments before revising for their exams. Some were given a
memory drug, some a placebo drug and some no treatment. The exam scores (%) are shown below for
the three different groups:
Memory Drug Placebo No Treatment
70 37 3
77 43 10
83 50 17
90 57 23
97 63 30

Carry out a one-way ANOVA to test the hypothesis that the treatments will
have different effects [6 Marks]
c) A medical researcher wishes to see the pulse rates of smokers are higher than the rates of
nonsmokers. Samples of 100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers are selected. The smokers group has a
mean rate of 90 with a standard deviation of 5 while the non smokers group has a mean weight of 88
and a standard deviation of 6. Can the researcher conclude, at   0.05 that smokers have higher
pulse rates than nonsmokers? [8 Marks]

QUESTION TWO (20 MARKS)

a) A medical research team wished to evaluate a proposed screening test for Alzheimer’s
disease. The test was given to a random sample of 450 patients with Alzheimer’s disease and
an independent random sample of 500 patients without symptoms of the disease. The two
samples were drawn from populations of subjects who were 65 years or older. The results are
as follows.

Test Result Yes No Total

Positive 436 5 441
Negative 14 495 509
Total 450 500 950

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i) Compute the sensitivity of the symptom. [2 marks]
ii) Compute the specificity of the symptom. [2 marks]
iii) Suppose it is known that the rate of the disease in the general population is 11.3%. What
is the predictive value positive of the symptom and the predictive value negative of the
symptom [6marks]
b) A research study was conducted to examine the clinical efficacy of a new antidepressant.
Depressed patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a placebo group, a group
that received a low dose of the drug, and a group that received a moderate dose of the drug.
After four weeks of treatment, the patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory. The
higher the score, the more depressed the patient. The data are presented below. Compute the
appropriate test using the analysis of variance technique. Is there a significant difference
between the groups?
[10 Marks]
Placebo Low Dose Moderate Dose
38 22 14
47 19 26
39 8 11
25 23 18
42 31 5

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