Chemical

formula
C R E S T I LY N A M O R L . S A G A , L P T
learning objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
• represent compounds using chemical formulas,
structural formulas, and models;
• name the similarities and differences between the
empirical formula and molecular formula of a compound;
and
• recognize the formulas of some common chemical
substances
01 TYPES OF
CHEMICAL
FORMULA
TYPES OF CHEMICAL FORMULA
• STRUCTURAL FORMULA
• MOLECULAR FORMULA
• EMPIRICAL FORMULA
01 STRUCTURAL FORMULA

• Structural formula indicates how the atoms are arranged and bonded
chemically.
• A graphical representation of compounds showing the elements connected
to each other in symbols and how they are arranged in the molecule of the
compound.

O The structural formula for water shows the symbols

of the elements in the compound consisting of one

H H oxygen atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms.

02 MOLECULAR FORMULA

• Molecular formula is a formula that shows the number of atoms per element
present in a compound.
• It is also called the true formula.

C6H1206 The molecular formula for glucose is C6H1206

There are six carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and
six oxygen atoms in a glucose compound.
03 EMPIRICAL FORMULA

• Empirical formula shows the simplest form of the atomic ratio in a chemical
compound.
• A molecular formula of a compound can also be its empirical formula if the
molecular formula is already in the simplest form of the atomic ratio.

MOLECULAR
FORMULA C6H1206 The ratio of the carbon, hydrogen, and
oxygen atoms, respectively, 6:12:6. Since
12 is a multiple of 6, in its simplest form,
CH20
EMPIRICAL
the ratio will be 1:2:1.
FORMULA
02
MODELS
 MODELS
• A molecular model is a representation of a compound’s structure in a molecular
view.
• It is a 3-Dimensional view of the compound, and is usually represented by a
ball-and-stick model or a space-filling model.

Ball-and-stick model Space-filling model

 MOLECULAR MODELS
BALL-AND-STICK MODEL
• depicts a 3-dimensional view
of the atoms of a compound
and the bonds between them.
• The atoms are presented by
balls and the bonds between
them are represented by
stick connecting the balls.
SPACE-FILLING MODEL
• depicts the atoms of the
compound using spheres
that are joined together,
approximating the
proportionate sizes of the
atoms.
 O O
H H
Figure 3.6 Ball-and-stick model of water
Ball-and-stick model of water,
the atom of oxygen (red ball) is
connected to two hydrogen
atoms (white balls) through two
sticks.
H H
Figure 3.7 Space-filling model of water
Space-filling model of water,
illustrates two hydrogen atoms
(white balls) directly connected to
the oxygen atom (red ball)
without the sticks or the bonds
between them.
03
SOME COMMON
COMPOUNDS WITH THEIR
FORMULAS AND MODELS
 TABLE 3.3 SOME COMMON COMPOUND WITH THEIR FORMULAS AND MODELS

CHEMICAL FORMULA MODELS

COMPOUND
MOLECULAR EMPIRICAL STRUCTURAL BALL-AND- SPACE-FILLING
FORMULA FORMULA FORMULA STICK MODEL MODEL

Acetic
C2H4O2 CH2O
Acid
 TABLE 3.3 SOME COMMON COMPOUND WITH THEIR FORMULAS AND MODELS

CHEMICAL FORMULA MODELS

COMPOUND
MOLECULAR EMPIRICAL STRUCTURAL BALL-AND- SPACE-FILLING
FORMULA FORMULA FORMULA STICK MODEL MODEL

Acetylene C2H2 CH
 TABLE 3.3 SOME COMMON COMPOUND WITH THEIR FORMULAS AND MODELS

CHEMICAL FORMULA MODELS

COMPOUND
MOLECULAR EMPIRICAL STRUCTURAL BALL-AND- SPACE-FILLING
FORMULA FORMULA FORMULA STICK MODEL MODEL

Hydrogen
H2 O 2 HO
Peroxide
04
QUIZ:
QUESTION #1:
What is the
empirical formula of
benzene
C6H6 ?
QUESTION #2:
What is the
empirical formula of
ascorbic acid
C6H806 ?
QUESTION #3:
What is the
empirical formula of
sucrose
C12H22011 ?
QUESTION #4:
What is the
empirical formula of
naphthalene
C 10H 4 ?
QUESTION #5:
What is the
empirical formula of
hydrochloric
HCl
acid
?
 QUESTION #6:
Differentiate between
empirical formulas and
molecular formulas.
 QUESTION #7:
How are models used to
represent a compound?
 QUESTION #8:
Which model do you prefer
to represent a compound?
Explain your answer.
 QUESTION #9:
What makes the ball-and-
stick model different from
space-filling model?
05
PERFORMAN CE
TASK
PERFORMANCE TASK
Objective: To create 3D models of some common compounds
Materials:
• styrofoam balls of different sizes (It depends on the assigned
compound)
• sticks (as bonds)
• brush
• marker
• paint
Caution: Be careful in handling the materials, especially the sticks
and the paint.
PERFORMANCE TASK
Procedure:
• Divide the group into four groups.
• Each group will be assigned to create a 3D model of a compound. Draw lots to determine the
compounds that each group will work on.
• The following are the compounds that may be used for the performance task:
• Sodium Hydroxide (Group 1)
• Ammonia (Group 2)
• Sulfuric Acid (Group 3)
• Acetic Acid (Group 4)
• Research on the structure of the compound assigned to your group. This structure will provide a
basis for your model.
• Each element in the compound should have a different color to distinguish them from each other.
• After painting the atoms (balls), label them using the symbol for that element.
• Write a short description about the compounds as well as their uses and present them to your
class.
THANK YOU!