2 ECCENTRIiCALLY LOADED BASE PLATE

column carries s aa lload

When eccentrically or when the column carries an axial
oment the pressure distribution below the base load accompanied by
Suppose a column carries a factored load
plate will not be uniform.
Pa an eccentricity e. The moment due to the
zentricity = M= Pe. Alternatively if a column e

amies an axial load P and is subjected to a

moment M we may consider as though the load
Pis at an eccentricity e given by
M
e
P
Let B be the width and L the
base plate (see
length of the
Fig. 7.72). When the column
Cames the load P at an
eccentricity e the extreme
presure intensity on the base plate is given by
P
l L
6e
when
L the eccentricity e is less than

alto A B
=
area of base plate BL]
=

Length of the base plate = L

Depth of the column section 2 times the
length. projection of the plate parallel to the Fig.7.72
380 DESIGN OF
STEEL
The cantilever projection of the plate beyond the column face parallelto. STRU
he length may
chosen from 100 mm to 150 mm.
We come across the following three cases.

Case (i). When the eccentricity e <

For this case we know the extreme pressure intensifies on the base plate ae

Maximunm pressure intensity

PmarLB LJ

Minimum pressure intensity

PminLB
The width B of the base plate may be determined corresponding to the condition
e
=
Design bearing stress of concrete =
0.45 f
LB L Jck

B
0.45fcLL
L
Generally the width B is determined corresponding to e =

2P
Accordingly B
0.45fck
After finding B, we can determine the cantilever moment M for a 1 mun wide strip due to upus
pressure on the base plate.
Equating the moment capacity to the cantilever moment

1.2,
YmoL
M. We can find t the thickness of the base plate.
Design 7.34. An ISHB 300 618 Nm colunn has to carry a factored load of I000 kN at a
eccentriciry of 35 mmfrom the centre line of the column, the load acting on the y-y axis. Design as
base plate from the column. Concrete foundation is of M 20 concrete.
Solution.
Factored load on the column = P= 1000 kN
Eccentricity of the load e = 35 mm
Depth of the column section 300 mm
Providing a cantilever projection of 100 mm beyond the flanges.
Length of the base plate = L= 300+ 100+ 100 = 500 mm

35
500 = 0.07
This is less than
L
The base plate is in
compression on the whole area,
2P 2x 1000x 2
Width of base plate B
0.45fL
10-444.4 mm
0.45x 20x 500
 RESSYNSIONMEMBERS

50 mm
450
381
Whdth of
a

LBL 1000x10', 6x35

base plate =16e
r o n i d e

on the
sSureintensity
Fxtreme
p r e S S u r ei n t e n

500x 450 500

ISHB 300

100-
mm 100
min

500 x 450 x 30
Base plate

2.578
N/mm 5.564
6.311
N/mm
N/mm
Fig. 7.73

e6.311 Mmmt and Pmin =2.578 Nmm?

Fg.7.73shows the pressure distribution on the base plate.
Maximum cantilever moment for a l mm wide strip of the base plate

100
M= 5.564x+(6.311-5.564)=30310 Nmm
2 3
Equating the moment capacity to the cantilever moment

2 mo
- 30310, t#25.8 mm say 30mm
Provide a base plate 500 mm x 450 mm x 30 mm
Provide four anchor bolts of 20 mm diameter
The column is to be connected to base
plate with 6 mm fillet weld.
ae (i). When the eccentricitye lies between and

u Us case the pressure distribution diagram under the base plate is a triangle. Let L be the length
d plate. For the condition, that the line of action of the upward reaction and the line of action
z load P to coincide the length of the pressure diagram below the base plate

t the maximum
of the pressure intensity Pmax reach the design bearing strength of conerete. Let B be
base plate. Equating the upward and downward forces,
PmuLB = P
382
DESIGN OF STEEL
Wecan find B from the
moment for the base
above equation. Now we can easily
plate and hence determine the thickness of the
calculate the
base plate.
the max tRUCT
imum be

Pmax
--9-
-L/2- L/2-
Fig. 7.74
Design 7.35. An ISHB 300 @ 618
N/m column has
eccentricity of 100
mm from the centre line the
to carry a
factored load of 900 N
base plate for the of column, the load
column. Concrete acting on the y-y axis. at a

Solution. foundation is of M 20
concrete. Design atia
Factored load on the column = P= 900 kN
Eccentricity =e= 100 mm
Depth of the column section
300 mm
plate
Providing a
cantilever projection of 100 mm
beyond the flanges of the column,
length of the tae
=
L= 300
+100+100 500 mm
e 100
Distance from the load line =0.2 500 This lies between and
to the extreme 6
compression edge
500
-e 100 150 mm
Length of the pressure diagram 2
x= 3 x 150 =
450
Design bearing stress of
concrete
mm

Let the width of the

base plate be B. 0.45f =0.45x 20=9 NImm
Equating the upward reaction to the downward load,
x450x B) 900x10
2 =
 ESSIONMEMBERS 383
RESSION ME

mm
100
100
mm

8.989
50 50 6.991/ N/mms JN/mm?
mm mm
- 1 5 0 mm -150 mmk-100
mm

250 mm- -250 mmn-

Fig. 7.75
B 444.4 mm
width of 445 mm
Provide a
Pmax Actual maximum bearing stress
Let
Pmax (450x 445) = 900x10

Pmax8.989NImm2
stress 100 mum from the right edge
Bearing
350
X8.989 =6.991 Nlmm
450
Maximum cantilever moment for al mm wide strip of the base plate

M=6.991x +(8.989-6.991) 41615 Nmm

Equating the moment capacity to the cantilever moment

1x=41615
6
=30.25 mm say 35 mm
Hence, the base plate will be 500 445 mm x 35 mm.
mm x
rovide four anchor bolts of 20 mum diameter. The column is also connected to the base plate with
mm or 8 mm
fillet weld.

Case (ii).
When the eccentricity is
greater than
This
bheeo4ase of very large eccentricity, where the stability of the base plate needs its connection
othee t e
concrete foundation
by
b anchor bolts. We will analyse this case following the principles of plastic
384 DESIGN OF
STEEL
theory. At ultimate condition the bearing reaction of the concrete foundati
ationorm
is
is taken
at feb=t
taken t
STRUCT
STAUCTUR
length x. The bearing stress of concrete at ultimate state is taken to be uniformat , , s c
on a
distance x from the extreme compression edge of the base plate.
Ov
imiv

P
M

Seb 0.45 fk
-x

O O

-L
Fig. 7.76

Let P Factored load on the column

M =Factored moment on the column
M
Eccentricity e =
(ln the present case e>.
T =Total tension in the anchor bolts
L Length of the base plate
=

B Width of the base plate

=

C = Cantilever projection of the base plate beyond the column flange.

For vertical equilibrium, P SchxB-T .

For rotational equilibrium, M= SxB +Ta

Eliminating T, from the equations

xBLSB+xB-Pla
M fb2
=

Seb Bx -S BL -febBax +M+Pa =0

2
 ONMEMBERS 385

IESION
B L0 f.bx +M +2a = 0
2

-(L+2a)x +2(M+ Pa) = 0

Se,B

equation we get,x: 2(M+ Pa)

t h ea b o v e

Salvng SB
.;,
we can determine the cantilever moment
M, for the base plate.
finding

4fter
Ae
Cantile
ver moment

acs ofthe
the base
base plate required corresponding to this bending moment can be determined.
thickness of
The determine
the total tension T in the bolts
can. now
e
T fs - P
uld
Weldedconnection should be designed connecting the column to the base plate corresponding to
m a x i m u nt e n s i o n
he column flange caused due to the moment on the column.

Achobr o l s

tension in the bolts.

T Total
Let

tensile strength of a bolt = nb

Th Design Ymb
Nominal tensile capacity of the bolt
T

T09faAnsfyAs mb
Ymo. L
f Ultimate tensile stress of the bolt (400 NImm)
J UD

Yield stress of the bolt (250 NImm)

Anh Net tensile area of root of threads of the bolt
Ah Shank area ofthe bolt
YmbPartial safety factor (governed by ultimate stress) =
1.25
YmoPartial safety factor (governed by yielding) = 1.10

Number of bolts required to resist tension = T

Tab
Length of bolt = l= d
4hd Ymo
Thd design bond stress corresponding to grade of concrete.
see table below.
Grade of concrete M:20 M25 M 30

h (N/mm) 1.2 1.4 1.5

386
DESIGN OF
STEEL ST
Design 7.36. An 1SHB 400
ccompanied by a factored
806.4 N/m column has to support a
x

moment of 140 kNm. The column stands on

factored a r i t TRUCTU
a
concrete t ad
gade of concrete.
Solution.
Design a square base plate for the column.
foundation40M)of .
Factored load on the column
Factored moment
=
P=400 k
M= 140 kNm
M 140x10
Eccentricity Fe=
350 mm
400
Let the cantilever projection of the base plate beyond the
flanges of the column
Length of the base plate L= 400+2(150) 700 mm
= =
e 150 mm
Let the width of the base
plate also be = B = 700 mm

e 350
>43
Let us
provide
effective margin of 75 mm for the bolts.
an
Distance between centre of bolts to of centre column
700
a -75350-75
2
=275 mm
Design bearing stress for concrete =S
Let the
=
0,45f =
045x25 =11.25 NImm?
bearing pressure act for a distance x from the extreme
compression edge of the base nla.
e

2(M+ Pa)
SB
+a =350+275 =625 mm

=
625-625? 2040x10° +400x10 x275)
11.25x700
=
625-V390625-63492.06 625-571.96 53.04 mm
Cantilever moment M. = fe xc-

11.25x 53.04x 700| 150- 53.04 Nmm

=

2
51.576 x 10° Nmm
Equating the moment capacity to the cantilever moment

1.2x1.1250
Hence, the base plate will be
70051.576x10°=40.3
700 mm x 700 mm x 45
mm say 45 mm

mm
 E S S I O NM E M B E R S

anchor bolte

387
bolts
ension
in the T= feb xB -P
11.25 x 53.04 x
=

17690 N =17.6970)- 400x

=
400 x 10N
1o' N
16 mm
diameter bolts, kN
ng
gth of a bolt = lesser of
Designstrength o

0.9x400x0.78txx10*kNkN=56.45 kN 4

Yb250xx16xX10k
mo 1.10 =57.1 kN
ofbolts required
17.69
Number

56.45 Provide 2 bolts for anchoring.

Tension per bolt 17690
2
8845 N
Letl= length of
oth ofe embedment of bolt. Design bolt stress th= 1.4
NImm
Tudl Thd TX16lx1.4 8845 =126 mm
column to base plate
ERection of
The is designed only for tension in flange due to moment.
Tension in one flange due to moment 12.7 mmn

MM 140x10
361477N 10.6 mm
D-1400-12.7) 250
Let 8 mm welds be provide strength of weld per mm length mm

410
J(0.70) 3x1.5-(0.7x8) =883.8 NImm 400 mm-

Length of weld required = 36147 409 mm Fig. 7.77

883.8

Length available for welding on flange 250 +(250-10.6)= 489.4

= mm

The web is welded to the base plate by 6 mm nominal welding.