Introduction :

Ever wondered how skyscrapers withstand the forces of nature or how your smartphone is
meticulously assembled? Joining and fixing techniques are at the heart of these marvels. What
methods do structural engineers use to ensure buildings stand tall? How do manufacturers
seamlessly assemble intricate devices? This exploration will unravel the answers, delving into the
professional world of joining and fixing techniques. From aerospace engineering to precision
manufacturing, what questions do you have about the intricate art and science of making things stay
together?

 Refers to joining of two components together.

 Joining can be either permanent or temporary.
 Generally these techniques are used to join metal sheets and other components .

Different techniques :
Two different techniques are privileged.

o Mechanical Fixings.
o Non -mechanical fixings.

Mechanical joining :
o Temporary fixing.
o Can be removed easily.
o Can withhold moderate pressure and vibrations.
o Fails at high vibratory motions.
o Most commonly used in daily households.
o Different types of mechanical fixing are :
o There is a very wide variety of screw fasteners available they include;
o Woodscrews
o Self-drilling/tapping screws
o Machine screws
o Furniture screws
o Bolts
o Compression Joints
 Screw Fasteners

o Woodscrews
A woodscrew is a threaded fastener designed for securely joining two pieces
of wood by creating a tight bond through its helical ridges.

Wood Screw Pozi Head CSK Wood Screws Round Head Slotted

Furniture Screws

Furniture screws are specially designed fasteners used in woodworking to join and
secure various parts of furniture, ensuring stability and durability

Furniture Screws & ‘Knock Down’ fittings

Knock Down Fittings

Knock-down fittings are easily assembled and disassembled connectors or hardware

used in furniture and construction, allowing for convenient and repeated assembly
without permanent fastening.

Self Drilling/Tapping Screws

Self-drilling or self-tapping screws are fasteners with built-in cutting and tapping
features, allowing them to create their own holes and threads as they are driven into
materials like metal or plastic during the installation process

Machine Screws
Machine screws are threaded fasteners designed with a blunt end and a uniformly
threaded shaft, intended to be used with nuts or tapped holes in machinery,
appliances, or other devices for securing components together.
Bolts
Bolts are threaded fasteners with a head, designed to be used with a nut for joining
materials together. They come in various sizes and types, often used in construction
and manufacturing for their structural strength and versatility.

Nuts & Washers

Nuts are threaded fasteners that secure bolts, and washers are flat disks placed under
nuts or bolt heads for stability

Compression Fittings
 Straight Coupling Equal Tee

Used primarily in plumbing applications

Pop Rivets

Pop rivets are fasteners that, when installed, create a secure joint by pulling and
breaking off a central mandrel.

Pop Riveting Tool with Threaded Inserts

Rivets
Rivets are permanent mechanical fasteners consisting of a cylindrical shaft and a
head, used to join materials together by passing the shaft through pre-drilled holes
and deforming the end to create a secure connection
 Countersunk Rivet
Snap Head Rivet

These are used for permanent joints in steel plate

Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages :
o These can be removed easily
o Bolts and rivets can’t get affected by environmental agents until they
remained in contact for longer time
o Any flaw can be removed easily

Disadvantages :
o These can be affected by heavey shocks
o These can be loosened by long duration contact with vibrations