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    Hormones are organic substances produced by endocrine glands that are secreted into the bloodstream to control metabolic and biological activities in target cells. They can be classified based on their chemical nature as peptide hormones, steroid hormones, or amino acid derivatives. They can also be classified based on their mechanism of action as either Group I or Group II hormones. Group I hormones bind to intracellular receptors and are mostly cholesterol derivatives. Group II hormones bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate the release of second messengers. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action of Group I and Group II A hormones in more detail.

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    MLB 203_Lecture_Hormones-I

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    Hormones are organic substances produced by endocrine glands that are secreted into the bloodstream to control metabolic and biological activities in target cells. They can be classified based on their chemical nature as peptide hormones, steroid hormones, or amino acid derivatives. They can also be classified based on their mechanism of action as either Group I or Group II hormones. Group I hormones bind to intracellular receptors and are mostly cholesterol derivatives. Group II hormones bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate the release of second messengers. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action of Group I and Group II A hormones in more detail.

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    MLB 203 - Lecture - Hormones-I

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    maxwell amponsah
    Hormones are organic substances produced by endocrine glands that are secreted into the bloodstream to control metabolic and biological activities in target cells. They can be classified based on their chemical nature as peptide hormones, steroid hormones, or amino acid derivatives. They can also be classified based on their mechanism of action as either Group I or Group II hormones. Group I hormones bind to intracellular receptors and are mostly cholesterol derivatives. Group II hormones bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate the release of second messengers. The document then discusses the mechanisms of action of Group I and Group II A hormones in more detail.

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    of 12

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II

    __________________________________________________

    HORMONES I

    Lawrence Nugbienyo (PhD.) FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES


    lnugbienyo@atu.edu.gh
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
    pineal gland
    What are hormones? pituitary gland

    Hormones are organic parathyroid gland

    substances, produced by
    endocrine glands, secreted
    thyroid
    gland
    into the blood stream to
    adrenal
    control metabolic and gland
    pancreas
    biological activities in target ovary

    cells. testis

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    2 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Hormones I
    Classification of Hormones Pineal gland
    Pituitary gland

    Thyroid gland

    Based on chemical nature:

    ❖ Peptide hormones – eg. antidiuretic hormone, Pancreas

    Adrenal gland
    glucagon, insulin, oxytocin.
    Testis (male)

    ❖ Steroid hormones – eg. glucocorticoids,


    mineralocorticoids, sex hormones. Ovary
    (female)

    ❖ Amino acid derivatives – eg. epinephrine,


    norepinephrine, thyroxine triiodothyronine.

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    3 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Hormones I
    Classification of Hormones

    Based on Mechanism of Action:

    ❖ Group I hormones: bind to intracellular receptors; lipophilic; mostly


    derivatives of cholesterol (eg. estrogens, androgens, glucocorticoids, calcitriol).

    ❖ Group II hormones: bind to cell surface (plasma membrane) receptors;


    stimulate the release of second messengers. Group II hormones are
    subdivided into three categories based on the chemical nature of the
    second messengers.

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    4 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Hormones I
    Group I Hormones

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    5 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Hormones I
    Group II Hormones

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    6 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
    _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
    Hormones I
    Group II Hormones (cont.)

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    7 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
    _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
    Hormones I
    Mechanism of Action of Group I
    Plasma membrane

    H H

    (Steroid) Hormones H R

    The hormone-receptor complex binds to specific regions on


    the DNA called hormone responsive element (HRE), H R
    Cytosol

    causing increased expression of specific genes. Nucleus Acceptor


    Gene

    DNA Transcription

    mRNA

    mRNA

    Translation

    Specific protein

    Biochemical
    response

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    8 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
    _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
    Hormones I
    Mechanism of Action of Hormone

    Group II (A) Hormones


    Receptor

    GTP regulatory protein Plasma membrane

    Adenylate
    CAMP performs its role as a second messenger cyclase
    Cytosol
    ATP PPi
    in eliciting biochemical responses.
    Phosphodiesterase R C
    AMP 4cAMP
    ( )
    R C

    R2C2

    R
    C C
    R

    R2(4 cAMP ) ATP ADP

    Protein Phosphoprotein
    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II
    _____________ Phosphatase
    Hormones I
    Ultimate
    Pi biochemical
    9 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES response
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
    Regulation
    288
    of TG Lipase BIOCHEMISTRY

    ATP
    Epinephrine
    Norepinephrine
    Glucagon, Thyroxine Adenylate cyclase
    Glucocorticoids Hormone sensitive
    TSH, ACTH, GH TG lipase b
    (inactive)

    Insulin, niacin, PGE1 ATP


    Pi

    cAMP Protein Phosphatase


    kinase
    Insulin
    Phosphodiesterase
    Caffeine ADP
    Hormone sensitive
    5 ’ AMP TG lipase a
    (active)

    Triacylglycerol Diacylglycerol

    Free fatty acid FFA


    Monoacylglycerol

    FFA
    Glycerol

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    10 FACULTY OF APPLIED
    PGE1– Prostaglandin SCIENCES FFA–Free fatty acid).
    E1; TG–Triacylglycerol; _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Hormones I
    Mechanism of Action of
    Group II (B) Hormones

    Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in
    the plasma membrane is hydrolyzed by a
    specific phospholipase C in response to
    hormonal signals. Both products of
    hydrolysis act as intracellular messengers.

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    11 FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES
    _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY
    Hormones I
    THANK YOU

    MLB 203 BIOCHEMISTRY II


    FACULTY OF APPLIED SCIENCES _____________
    DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY Hormones I

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