Nutrition From Science to You 2nd

Edition Blake Test Bank

Visit to download the full and correct content document: https://testbankdeal.com/dow
nload/nutrition-from-science-to-you-2nd-edition-blake-test-bank/
Chapter 7 Alcohol

Multiple Choice
1. The familiar alcoholic beverages that are commonly consumed contain an alcohol called
A. glycerol.
B. methanol.
C. propanol.
D. ethanol.
ANS: D
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

2. Ethanol is
A. organic.
B. essential.
C. a nutrient.
D. inorganic.
ANS: A
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

3. The following points are all true about ethyl alcohol except:
A. It is soluble in water.
B. It is harmless.
C. It can dissolve lipids.
D. It attracts water.
ANS: B
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Understanding

4. Which of the following does yeast act upon to generate alcohol?

A. sugars
B. fats
C. proteins
D. flavor compounds
ANS: A
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Understanding

5. What is the gas that is formed when fermentation occurs in alcohol production?
A. oxygen
B. hydrogen
C. carbon dioxide
D. sulfur dioxide
ANS: C
REF: 253
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering
6. All of the following are reasons people choose to drink alcohol except
A. tradition.
B. relaxation.
C. pleasure.
D. nutrition.
ANS: D
REF: 254
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

7. Alcohol is a ________.
A. nutrient
B. drug
C. stimulant
D. supplement
ANS: B
REF: 254
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

8. David was 24 years old and had never tried alcoholic beverages. At his sister's wedding party he
decided to try some wine. He felt different after the first few sips. What would best describe what David
was feeling?
A. anxiety
B. gastrointestinal distress
C. relaxation
D. tension
ANS: C
REF: 254
OUT: 7.5
BT: Applying

9. In the production of liquors, fermentation is followed by ________.

A. distillation
B. condensation
C. hydrolysis
D. saturation
ANS: A
REF: 254
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

10. Valerie's uncle mentioned that he had begun drinking red wine every day. When Valerie questioned
him, he explained that he had read about the benefits of red wine in the newspaper. Valerie decided to
look this up. She found that red wine was discussed in relation to risk factors for ________.
A. diabetes
B. cardiovascular disease
C. respiratory infections
D. obesity
ANS: B
REF: 254-256
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding
11. Factors that influence the absorption and metabolism of alcohol include
A. gender.
B. age.
C. ethnicity.
D! all of the above
ANS: D
REF: 259
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

12. Jenny and her friend Tim went out wine tasting in the local vineyards with a group of friends. Jenny
was enjoying herself immensely but found that she was feeling the "loosening" effects of the wine much
sooner than Tim. Both Jenny and Tim were of similar height and weight. What was the most likely reason
for why were they reacting so differently?
A. Jenny spent more time sitting at her desk at work than Tim.
B. Jenny's ancestors came from Italy, whereas Tim's ancestors were from Ireland.
C. Jenny's body had 30 percent less ADH than Tim's.
D. Tim was a few years older than Jenny.
ANS: C
REF: 260
OUT: 7.2
BT: Applying

13. Which vitamin is required along with ADH to convert alcohol to acetaldehyde in the liver?
A. riboflavin
B. niacin
C. thiamin
D. folic acid
ANS: B
REF: 260
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

14. In the first reaction in the metabolism of alcohol, it is converted to

A. acetyl CoA.
B. acetone.
C. acetate.
D. acetaldehyde.
ANS: D
REF: 260
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

15. The symptoms of a hangover, such as nausea, headache, and fatigue, are caused by
A. buildup of ADH in blood.
B. buildup of alcohol in blood.
C. buildup of acetaldehyde in blood.
D! none of the above
ANS: C
REF: 260
OUT: 7.3, 7.6
BT: Remembering
16. Which of the following is the reason why a Breathalyzer works?
A. Five percent of the alcohol consumed is not metabolized.
B. The alcohol expelled through the lungs correlates with the amount of alcohol in blood.
C. The alcohol that is not metabolized is excreted through the lungs, skin, or kidneys.
D. All of the above are reasons why a Breathalyzer works.
ANS: D
REF: 262
OUT: 7.2, 7.3
BT: Understanding

17. Which of the following statements is true about excessive alcohol consumption and the RAS?
A. The RAS can be shut down, resulting in unconsciousness.
B. The RAS suppresses breathing and circulation.
C. The RAS slows down reaction stimuli.
D. The RAS is not affected by excessive alcohol consumption.
ANS: A
REF: 263
OUT: 7.4
BT: Understanding

18. The Dietary Guidelines recommends drinking in moderation based on the consumption of standard
drinks. A standard drink is defined as
A. a drink served in a typical restaurant.
B. a drink containing 1 ounce of alcohol.
C. a drink containing 1/2 ounce of alcohol.
D. 8 ounces of any alcoholic beverage.
ANS: C
REF: 255
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

19. Which of the following groups of individuals need to abstain from alcohol in order to avoid its
adverse effects?
A. pregnant and lactating women
B. women of childbearing age who may become pregnant
C. those who engage in specific activities that require special skills or coordination
D! all of the above
ANS: D
REF: 255, 258
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

20. When does a hangover begin?

A. as soon as one begins to drink
B. when the BAC begins to go up
C. when the BAC begins to go down
D. 72 hours after alcohol has been consumed
ANS: C
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering
21. Nicole woke up with all the symptoms of a hangover. She reprimanded herself for the number of
drinks she had consumed the night before at her sister's engagement party. She had an exam in her math
class this evening and all she wanted was to get rid of the hangover. Which of the following would be the
best cure for Nicole's symptoms?
A. take a painkiller for the pounding headache
B. allow the symptoms to subside by themselves
C. take a long walk followed by a hot shower
D. drink tomato juice mixed with a little alcohol
ANS: B
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

22. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is

A. a condition caused by riboflavin deficiency.
B. a condition that includes mental confusion.
C. a condition caused by a genetic imbalance.
D. a condition associated with obesity.
ANS: B
REF: 271
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

23. Which of the following statements is true about alcohol consumption and weight gain?
A. Research studies suggest that alcohol alone does not cause weight gain.
B. Weight gain is only associated with beer consumption.
C. If the diet is healthy, alcohol can promote weight loss.
D! The added components in mixed drinks may cause weight gain, but not alcohol itself, which is
kilocalorie free.
ANS: A
REF: 271, 273
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

24. Which organ is most drastically affected by excessive consumption of alcohol?

A. brain
B. stomach
C. intestines
D. liver
ANS: D
REF: 273
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

25. Which of the following health problems has not been linked to chronic alcohol abuse?
A. cancer
B. malnutrition
C. cystic fibrosis
D. cardiovascular disease
ANS: C
REF: 267
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding
26. How much alcohol is considered safe for a pregnant woman to consume?
A. one drink per day
B. half a drink per day
C. one drink per week
D. no alcohol at all
ANS: D
REF: 277
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

27. Binge drinking for men is defined as consuming ________ drinks in about two hours.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
ANS: C
REF: 268-269
OUT: 7.7
BT: Remembering

28. In the United States, what is the limit for BAC, at or above which driving is considered illegal?
A. 0.06
B. 0.07
C. 0.08
D. 0.09
ANS: C
REF: 268
OUT: 7.7
BT: Remembering

29. Another term for alcoholism is

A. alcohol abuse.
B. binge drinking.
C. alcohol poisoning.
D. alcohol dependence.
ANS: D
REF: 268
OUT: 7.7
BT: Remembering

30. What contributes to alcohol tolerance?

A. MEOS
B. ALDH
C. NADP
D. NAD+
ANS: A
REF: 261
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

31. The first part of the brain affected by alcohol is the

A. forebrain.
B. brainstem.
C. cerebellum.
D. cerebral cortex.
ANS: D
REF: 262
OUT: 7.4
BT: Remembering

32. The impact of alcohol on the cerebellum affects

A. judgment.
B. emotions.
C. movement.
D. circulation.
ANS: C
REF: 262-263
OUT: 7.4
BT: Understanding

33. Memory problems may reflect alcohol's impact on which part of the brain?
A. brainstem
B. cerebellum
C. hippocampus
D. cerebral cortex
ANS: C
REF: 262-263
OUT: 7.4
BT: Remembering

34. What substance in alcohol acts as an antioxidant?

A. niacin
B. resveratrol
C. congeners
D. cabernet
ANS: B
REF: 255
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

35. Moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of

A. cancer.
B. diabetes.
C. tuberculosis.
D. osteoporosis.
ANS: B
REF: 256
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

36. Most alcohol absorption occurs in the

A. mouth.
B. stomach.
C. duodenum.
D. large intestine.
ANS: C
REF: 258
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

37. Most alcohol is metabolized in the

A. liver.
B. mouth.
C. stomach
D. small intestine.
ANS: A
REF: 260
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

38. The enzyme that metabolizes alcohol in the stomach is

A. ADH.
B. MEOS.
C. ALDH.
D. NAD+.
ANS: A
REF: 259
OUT: 7.2, 7.3
BT: Remembering

39. Microsomes are small vesicles found in cells in the

A. large intestine.
B. small intestine
C. stomach.
D. liver.
ANS: D
REF: 261
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

40. Which stage of liver disease is cirrhosis?

A! stage 1
B! stage 2
C! stage 3
D! stage 4
ANS: C
REF: 274
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

41. Hangovers cause dehydration because alcohol is a

A. depressant.
B. stimulant.
C. congener.
D. diuretic.
ANS: D
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

42. A child exposed to alcohol in utero may be susceptible to what condition?

A. FASDs
B. gastritis
C. cardiac myopathy
D. alcoholic hepatitis
ANS: A
REF: 277
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

True/False
43. Ethanol consumption is considered safe but not harmless.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

44. Eighty proof vodka contains 80 percent alcohol.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 254
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

45. Alcohol is not an essential nutrient.

ANS: TRUE
REF: 251
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

46. The human body cannot store alcohol.

ANS: TRUE
REF: 258
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

47. Alcohol does not require digestion.

ANS: TRUE
REF: 258
OUT: 7.2
BT: Understanding

48. By law, advertisements for alcohol cannot be misleading.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 254
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

49. Alcohol travels through the lymphatic system before it enters the bloodstream.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 258
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

50. It takes several hours before alcohol finally reaches the brain.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 258-259
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

51. Some alcohol gets metabolized even before absorption can occur.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 259
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

52. Alcohol consumed on an empty stomach takes longer to reach the brain than alcohol consumed with
food.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 259-260
OUT: 7.2
BT: Understanding

53. In general, women who drink the same amount as men will have a higher blood alcohol level.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 260
OUT: 7.2
BT: Understanding

54. Consumption of too much alcohol interferes with the body's ability to metabolize drugs.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 261
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

55. Alcohol itself is more harmful than the products of its metabolism.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 264
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

56. Only about 95 percent of the alcohol consumed is completely metabolized.

ANS: TRUE
REF: 262
OUT: 7.3
BT: Remembering

57. Alcohol is a stimulant that has the effect of lowering and loosening inhibitions in people.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 262
OUT: 7.4
BT: Remembering

58. According to the Dietary Guidelines, moderate alcohol consumption is defined as up to two drinks per
individual irrespective of height, weight, or gender.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 255
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

59. Mixed drinks often contain more alcohol than one standard drink.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 255
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

60. Twelve ounces of beer or wine can constitute a standard drink.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 255
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

61. All of the harmful effects of alcohol are felt while the individual is intoxicated.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 264
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

62. At low doses, alcohol does not impair judgment and coordination.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 264
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

63. A useful tip to help moderate drinking is to never drink on an empty stomach.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 264
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

64. Having a drink late in the evening can induce a good night's sleep without disruption.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 264
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

65. Hangover symptoms disappear once blood alcohol levels diminish.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

66. Drinking more alcohol even if it is mixed with another beverage during a hangover only increases the
recovery time.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding
67. In the long term, alcohol consumption may contribute to malnutrition.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 270
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

68. Drinking too much alcohol can interfere with the absorption of several vitamins and minerals.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 271
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

69. Fatty liver is an irreversible condition.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 274
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

70. The younger the age when a person starts to drink, the greater the chances that alcoholism will
become a problem later in life.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 268
OUT: 7.6, 7.7
BT: Understanding

71. Alcohol is absorbed by a process of simple diffusion through the mucosa into the bloodstream.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 258
OUT: 7.2
BT: Remembering

72. Yeast is essential to fermentation.

ANS: TRUE
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

73. Wine is a form of distilled alcohol.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 253-254
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

74. The alcohol content of liquor is indicated by its proof.

ANS: TRUE
REF: 254
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

75. The enzyme ADH does not function in the liver.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 260
OUT: 7.3
BT: Understanding

76. Young people get more health benefits from moderate drinking than older people.
ANS: FALSE
REF: 255
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

77. A blackout always involves loss of consciousness.

ANS: FALSE
REF: 268-269
OUT: 7.7
BT: Remembering

78. Moderate consumption of alcohol may lower the risk of heart disease.
ANS: TRUE
REF: 255-256
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

Essay
79. Name the enzyme that begins to oxidize alcohol.
ANS: alcohol dehydrogenase
REF: 259
OUT: 7.2, 7.3
BT: Remembering

80. What are the harmful products of alcohol metabolism?

ANS: acids and acetaldehyde
REF: 264
OUT: 7.3, 7.6
BT: Remembering

81. What are the short-term, negative consequences of alcohol consumption?

ANS: unintentional injuries; sleep disruption; hangovers
REF: 264-265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

82. What are congeners?

ANS: compounds that contribute to the flavor, taste, and appearance of an alcoholic beverage and also
contribute to the symptoms of hangover
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

83. What are the three stages of liver disease?

ANS: fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, cirrhosis
REF: 273-274
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

84. What happens when a person suffering from alcoholism stops drinking?
ANS: Withdrawal symptoms occur.
REF: 269
OUT: 7.6, 7.7
BT: Understanding

85. How does the rate of movement of the gastrointestinal tract affect the blood alcohol level?
ANS: If the rate of gastric emptying is slow or peristalsis is slow, alcohol will be metabolized in the
stomach and can enter the blood only slowly. The more the alcohol is metabolized, the less enters the
blood as is and the slower the rise in blood alcohol level.
REF: 259-260
OUT: 7.2
BT: Understanding

86. Why do women feel the narcotic effects of alcohol sooner than men do?
ANS: Women have less ADH in their gastric mucosa; less alcohol gets metabolized; women's blood
alcohol level goes up sooner than men's.
Women have less muscle mass than men (hence less body water); muscle mass has more water associated
with it.
Therefore, for the above two reasons, ingested alcohol net concentration is higher in women than in men.
REF: 260
OUT: 7.2
BT: Understanding

87. How is the MEOS different from ADH?

ANS:
• MEOS is found only in the liver; ADH is in the stomach and the liver.
• MEOS is a system of enzymes; ADH is a single enzyme.
• MEOS acts on alcohol and other drugs; ADH acts only on alcohol.
• MEOS plays a role only when alcohol ingestion is high.
• MEOS plays a role in alcohol tolerance.
• MEOS metabolizes alcohol in microsomes; ADH metabolizes alcohol in the cytosol.
REF: 260-261
OUT: 7.3
BT: Analyzing

88. Explain how fatty liver is caused.

ANS:
• Alcohol metabolism can cause fatty liver.
• Buildup of niacin coenzymes in alcohol metabolism disrupts the metabolism of fatty acids –
accumulation of fatty acids in the liver – contributes to fatty liver
• Alcohol metabolism – increase in coenzymes – depress TCA cycle – acetyl CoA builds up – drives
synthesis of fatty acids – contributes to fatty liver
REF: 273-274
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

89. List the symptoms of a hangover.

ANS:
• Pounding headache
• Fatigue
• Nausea
• Anxiety
• Irritability
• Depression
• Dizziness
• Sweating
• Increased thirst
• Rapid heart beat
• Tremors
REF: 265
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

90. What are the four classic characteristics of alcoholism?

ANS:
• craving for alcohol
• increased tolerance
• inability to limit intake
• physical dependency
REF: 269
OUT: 7.7
BT: Remembering

91. What is fermentation?

ANS: the process by which yeast converts sugars in grains or fruits into ethanol and carbon dioxide
REF: 252
OUT: 7.1
BT: Remembering

92. How does the distillation process work?

ANS: Alcoholic liquids are heated, causing the ethanol to vaporize. The vapor is collected, cooled, and
condensed into liquor.
REF: 254
OUT: 7.1
BT: Understanding

93. What is secondary malnutrition?

ANS: a state of being malnourished due to interference with nutrient absorption and metabolism (as a
result of alcohol consumption)
REF: 271
OUT: 7.6
BT: Remembering

94. Describe fetal alcohol syndrome.

ANS: This condition, which affects children exposed to alcohol in utero, can result in numerous
debilitating symptoms, including facial abnormalities. FAS may cause children to grow abnormally and
have mental and behavioral difficulties. It is the leading cause of mental retardation and birth defects in
the U.S.
REF: 277
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

95. Explain how alcohol can affect various parts of the brain.
ANS:
• cerebral cortex: impairs judgment and information processing
• forebrain/hippocampus: affects memory and emotions
• cerebellum: affects balance and movement
• brainstem: affects breathing and circulation
REF: 262
OUT: 7.4
BT: Remembering

96. How can alcohol affect hormones?

ANS:
• interferes with the release of insulin and glucagons
• affects parathyroid hormone and other bone-strengthening hormones
• increases estrogen levels in women
• affects reproductive hormones
REF: 273
OUT: 7.6
BT: Understanding

97. Cite four reasons many people drink alcohol.

ANS: • tradition
• relaxation and pleasure
• religious ceremonies
• may be safer than water in some places
• anxiety and stress relief
• loosening of inhibitions
• social bonding
• advertising influence
REF: 254
OUT: 7.5
BT: Remembering

98. What health benefits may be associated with moderate drinking?

ANS: reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome; greater longevity
REF: 256-257
OUT: 7.5
BT: Understanding

99. Name six types of individuals who should avoid drinking alcohol.
ANS:
• women of childbearing age who may become pregnant
• pregnant and lactating women
• children, adolescents, and anyone not yet of legal age
• those taking medications that can interact with alcohol
• those with specific medical conditions, such as stomach ulcers
• those engaging in activities that require attention, skill, or coordination
• those who cannot restrict their alcohol intake
REF: 255, 258
OUT: 7.5, 7.6
BT: Understanding

100. Define alcohol abuse.

ANS: the consumption of alcohol even though the behavior has created social, legal, and/or health
problems
REF: 268-269
OUT: 7.7
BT: Remembering