Engineering Fundamentals An

Introduction to Engineering SI Edition

5th Edition Moaveni Solutions Manual
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 Chapter 12: Electric Current and Related Variables in Engineering

12.8. What is the current that flows through each of the following light bulbs: 40 W, 60
W, 75 W, 100 W. Each light is connected to a 120-V line.

SOLUTION

We will use Equation (12.4) to solve this problem.

P = VI

60 W light bulb: 60 W = (120 volt)I → I = 0.5 A

75 W light bulb: 75 W = (120 volt)I → I = 0.625 A
100 W light bulb: 100 W = (120 volt)I → I = 0.83 A

12.9. If a 1500-W hair dryer is connected to a 120-V line, what is the maximum current
drawn?

SOLUTION

We will use Equation (12.4) to solve this problem.

P = VI

1500 W = (120 volt)I → I = 12.5 A

12.10. Referring to Table 12.1, create a table that shows the relative resistance of 1-m-
long wires having an area of 1 m2 made of the metals given in Table 12.1 to 1-m-
long copper with an area of 1 m2. For example, using the data given in Table 12.1,
the relative resistance of 1-meter-long, 1-m2-area aluminum wire to 1-m-long, 1-
m2-area copper wire is 1.68 (2.82 × 10-8 Ω /1.68 × 10-8 Ω/10.37 Ω= 1.64).

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SOLUTION

Relative Resistance to
Metal Resistance (Ω) Copper
-8
Aluminum 2.82 × 10 1.68
-8
Brass 1.72 × 10 10.24
-8
Copper 2.44 × 10 1.000
-8
Gold 10 × 10 1.45
-8
Iron 10 × 10 5.95
-8
Lead 22 × 10 13.1
-8
Nickel 7.0 × 10 4.16
-8
Platinum 10.6 × 10 6.31
-8
Silver 1.59 × 10 0.95
-8
Tin 10.3 × 10 6.49
-8
Tungsten 5.6 × 10 3.33
-8
Zinc 5.9 × 10 3.51

12.18. Determine the total resistance and the current flow for the circuit shown in the
accompanying figure.

SOLUTION

The light bulbs are connected in a series arrangement; therefore, the total
resistance is given by:

Rtotal = R1 + R2 + R3 = 9Ω + 9Ω + 6Ω = 24Ω

We can now use Ohm's Law to determine the current flowing through the circuit.

V 12
I= = = 0 .5 A
Rtotal 24

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12.19. Determine the total resistance and the current flow in each branch for the circuit
shown in the accompanying figure.

SOLUTION

The total resistance is:

1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= + + = + + ⇒ Rtotal = 1.5 Ω
Rtotal R1 R2 R3 6 3 6

Since the light bulbs and the resistor are connected in a parallel arrangement, the
voltage drop across each light bulb and the resistor is equal to 12 Volts. We use
Ohm's Law to determine the current in each branch in the following manner:

V = R1 I1 → 12 = 6 I1 → I1 = 2.0 A
V = R2 I 2 → 12 = 3I 2 → I 2 = 4.0 A
V = R3 I 3 → 12 = 6 I 3 → I 3 = 2.0 A

The total current drawn by the circuit is

I total = I1 + I 2 + I 3 = 2.0 + 4.0 + 2.0 = 8.0 A

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12.20. Use Kirchhoff's current law to determine the missing current in the circuit shown
in the accompanying figure.

SOLUTION

Applying the Kirchhoff's current law to the node.

I1 + I 2 = I 3 + I 4

1 A + 1 A = 0.5 A + I 4

I 4 = 1.5 A

12.23. For Example 12.6, we computed the total current drawn by the circuit. Determine
the current in each branch of the circuit given in Example 12.6.

SOLUTION

The circuit given in Example 12.6 has components which are in both series and
parallel arrangements. Recall that we will first combine the light bulbs in the
parallel branches into one equivalent resistance.

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 1 1 1 1 1
= + = + ⇒ Requivalent = 3.9Ω
Requivalent R2 R3 7 9

Next, we added the equivalent resistance to R1, noting that the two resistors are in
series now.

Rtotal = R1 + Requivalent = 3 + 3.9 = 6.9Ω

V = Rtotal I total → 9volts = (6.9Ω)( I total ) → I total = 1.3 A

Also,
Vdrop across R1 = R1 I1 → Vdrop across R1 = (3Ω )(1.3 A ) → Vdrop across R1 = 3.9 volts
V = R2 I 2 → 9 − 3.9 = 7 I 3 → I 2 = 0.73 A
V = R3 I 3 → 9 − 3.9 = 9 I 3 → I 3 = 0.57 A

Note that as a check

I1 = 1.3 A = I 2 + I 3 = 0.73 + 0.57 = 1.3 A

12.29. According to Sylvania, a light-bulb manufacturer, its 40-W CFL light consumes 9
watts and produces 495 lumens. What is the efficacy for this light?

SOLUTION

Light Produced (lumens) 495 lumens lumens

Efficacy = = = 55
Energy Consumed by the Lamp (watts) 9 watts watts

12.30. Calculate the efficacy for the following lights: (a) Sylvania accent LED light,
which uses 2 watts and produces 60 lumens, and (b) Sylvania 40-W CFL, which
uses 9 watts and produces 495 lumens.

SOLUTION

Light Produced (lumens) 60 lumens lumens

(a) Efficacy = = = 30
Energy Consumed by the Lamp (watts) 2 watts watts

Light Produced (lumens) 495 lumens lumens

(b) Efficacy = = = 55
Energy Consumed by the Lamp (watts) 9 watts watts

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12.31. The Sylvania Super Saver 75 W light uses 20 watts, produces 1280 lumens, and
costs $4.49. As an alternative a generic 75-W-incandescent light bulb costs $0.40,
produces 1200 lumens, and has a service life of 750 hours. Compare the
performance of each light by calculating the efficacy for each light and estimate
how much it would cost to run each light for 4 hours per day for 300 days in a
year. Assume electricity costs 9 cents per kWh.

SOLUTION

For the Sylvania Super Saver 75-W light:

1280
Efficacy = = 64 lumens/watts
20
4 hours 1 kW $0.09
cost =   300 days 20 W  # ' = $2.16
day 1000 W kW ⋅ h
For the generic incandescent 100-W light bulb:
1200
Efficacy = = 16 lumens/watts
75
4 hours 1 kW $0.09
cost =   300 days 75 W  # ' = $8.10
day 1000 W kW ⋅ h
It should be obvious that the Sylvania Super Saver light is more efficient and
economical to operate than the generic incandescent.

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