Corrected fatigue strength Sf Varying pure torsions

a,b from table 6.2

For N<10^3

For N=10^3-10^6

N life for completely reversed stress

q graph is for reversed bending or reversed axial loading, and qs graph is for reversed torsion

If ny<1 find sigma ar

Fatigue with torsion only

Shafts
 Gears

Pitch line velocity

G1=driver(pinion) G2=driven(gear)
Circular pitch p is the same for G1 and G2
Reduction gear train: G1 has less teeth N than G2: 1:2 ratio

Gear Forces

Bending stress on gear tooth

Keys Contact stress of gears touching

Factor of safety n=1.9 for ex

Factor of safety n=1.9 for ex

 Gear Design

σ=bending stress
σc=contact stress
σall=allowable stress
σc,all=allowable
contact stress

Strategy for solutions

Bearings

Types of rolling contact: Ball, Cylindrical roller, Tapered roller, Load Vs life Selecting bearings for other reliabilities
spherical roller, needle roller
Double row Bearings: carry heavier radial and thrust loads, more
compact than two bearings in tandem
Cylindrical Roller bearing: Provide greater contact area than ball
bearings hence carry higher loads, free to float axially, made to Summary of procedure (radial + thrust)
support some thrust load.
Needle bearings: used when radial space is limited, for radial
loads only, have a high load carrying capacity, can be obtained
with or without rings.
Tapered roller bearings: can support radial and axial loads in one Recommended life, factors
direction, angles: 15-17, 17-24, 24-45, the higher the contact
angle, the higher the thrust load capacity and lower radial load
capacity.
Reliability of two bearings:
Self-aligning double row bearings: used when small amount of
shaft deflection and slope occurs Combined radial and thrust loading
Double row spherical roller bearings: support large thrust loads Summary for radial load
and radial loads in both directions.
Definitions of Bearing life
Variable loading
Rating life: (minimum life L10 or B10 life)
Number of revolutions (or hours at a constant speed)
at which 10% of a group of bearings have failed
Most common 10^6 revolutions
Timken: 90*10^6
Median life(average life)
Number of revolutions (or hours at constant speed)
at which 50% of a group of bearings have failed
L10 is usually 10^6
 Stiffness of bolt Procedure for screws Shear and bending

A=throat size

Procedure for screws

Threaded fasteners

Stiffness of members

Obtaining the parameters

More general expressions

Procedure for screws

Springs
Joint types

Preventing joint separation Welded Joints

Conservation model of shear stress

Ls is solid length when coil is compressed

Welded cantilever

Spring rate stiffness

Condition for joint separation:

Yielding and overload safety factors

Stress in helical springs