UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW

Degrees of MEng, BEng, MSc and BSc in Engineering

Civil Engineering 1 (ENG1061)

18th December 2020
Start time: 09:30

This exam should take you: 1 hour to complete

However, you have a 2-hour window to download/complete/upload your submission

Attempt all PARTS

The numbers in square brackets in the right-hand margin indicate the marks allotted to the
part of the question against which the mark is shown. These marks are for guidance only.
Each question is worth 20 marks.

An electronic calculator may be used. Show intermediate steps in calculations.

Candidates will be issued with:

Worksheet for Q1
Worksheet for Q2

Continued overleaf
Page 1 of 4
Q1 (a) Table Q1 contains the results of a sieve analysis of an aggregate for use in
concrete.

Sieve Mass Retained

[mm] [g]
32 0
16 120.7
8 85.3
4 60.3
2 42.7
1 30.2
0.5 21.3
0.25 15.1
0.125 10.7
Pan 25.8

Table Q1.

(i) Derive the requisite data to enable a grading curve to be plotted.

(ii) Plot the curve on the worksheet provided.

Note: Write your student number on the worksheet and hand it in

together with the exam book.

(iii) Comment on the aggregate’s suitability for the intended purpose. State
the properties that make aggregate suitable for concrete manufacturing.

[10]

(b) Explain the main construction steps for the two main techniques to prestress
concrete beams. State the advantages and disadvantages of these two
techniques. List the important time-dependent processes which affect the
performance of prestressed concrete beams.
[7]

(c) For concrete subjected to axial compression, explain by means of a sketch how
strength and strain at maximum stress depend on lateral confinement. State how
this dependence affects the uniaxial compressive strength obtained with cubes
and cylinders according to Eurocode 2. [3]

Continued overleaf
Page 2 of 4
Q2 (a) The design proportions for a 1 m3 concrete mix with a mean strength of
60 N/mm2 are as follows:

Cement: 380 kg
Water: 160 kg
Fine Aggregate: 768 kg
Coarse Aggregate: 1236 kg

Trial tests of the mix resulted in a mean cube compressive strength of 50 MPa.

Adjust the proportions of the constituents so that the target strength is obtained
according to the BRE design method and workability is maintained.

Determine the new design proportions for 0.4 m3.

Note: Write your student number on the worksheet, mark your solution
steps on the worksheet and hand it in together with the exam book.

[10]

(b) Explain the process of corrosion of ferrous metals. Which techniques are
available to protect ferrous metals from corrosion?
[6]

(c) Give details of factors you would take into account when deciding whether a
roof structure should be constructed from steel or aluminum.

[4]

Continued overleaf
Page 3 of 4
Q3 (a) The design proportions for a 1 m3 concrete mix are as follows:

Cement: 425 kg
Water: 210 kg
Fine Aggregate: 700 kg (Saturated Surface Dry)
Coarse Aggregate: 1108 kg (Saturated Surface Dry)

Prior to mixing, moisture content tests performed on each of the aggregates to

be used revealed that the aggregates are in wet state. The moisture contents by
wet mass are:

Fine Aggregate: 3.2 %

Coarse Aggregate: 1.7 %

Determine the masses of the constituents required for a 0.4 m3 mix.

[12]

(b) Name two common indirect tests for measuring the tensile strength of concrete.
Explain how these tests are performed. Which of these tests provides a higher
value for the same concrete and why?
[8]

End of question paper

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