Homework-2

Doppler Effect
Doppler Effect or Doppler Sh ft refers to the change n wave frequency dur ng the
relat ve mot on between a wave source and ts observer. It was d scovered by
Chr st an Johann Doppler who descr bed t as the process of ncrease or decrease of
starl ght that depends on the relat ve movement of the star.
Descr pt on: Doppler Effect works on both l ght and sound objects. For nstance,
when a sound object moves towards you, the frequency of the sound waves
ncreases, lead ng to a h gher p tch. Conversely, f t moves away from you, the
frequency of the sound waves decreases and the p tch comes down. The drop n
p tch of ambulance s rens as they pass by and the sh ft n red l ght are common
examples of the Doppler Effect.

The l nk of
the g f s https://upload.w k med a.org/w k ped a/commons/9/90/Dopplerfrequenz.g f
you can see t through the l nk.
An an mat on llustrat ng how the Doppler effect causes a car eng ne or s ren to
sound h gher n p tch when t s approach ng than when t s reced ng. The red c rcles
represent sound waves.
-In class cal phys cs, where the speeds of source and the rece ver relat ve to
the med um are lower than the veloc ty of waves n the med um, the relat onsh p
between observed frequency f and em tted frequency f0 s g ven by:

where

- c s the propagat on speed of waves n the med um;

- Vr s the speed of the rece ver relat ve to the med um, added to c f the
rece ver s mov ng towards the source, subtracted f the rece ver s mov ng
away from the source;
- Vs s the speed of the source relat ve to the med um, added to c f the source
s mov ng away from the rece ver, subtracted f the source s mov ng towards
the rece ver.

Note th s relat onsh p pred cts that the frequency w ll decrease f e ther source or
rece ver s mov ng away from the other.

Equ valently, under the assumpt on that the source s e ther d rectly approach ng or
reced ng from the observer:
The use of Doppler Effect n astronomy n relat on to l ght waves depends on the fact
that the spectra of stars are not constant. D fferent stars exh b t d fferent absorpt on
l nes at def ned frequenc es, but Doppler Effect s dent f able only when these
absorpt on l nes are away from these def ned frequenc es.

There are var ous appl cat ons of Doppler Effect. It s used n:
1. S rens

2. Astronomy

3. Radars

4. Med cal mag ng and blood flow management

5. Flow management

6. Veloc ty prof le management

7. Satell te commun cat on

8. Aud o

9. V brat on measurement

Relat v st c Doppler Effect

The relat v st c Doppler effect s the change n frequency (and wavelength) of l ght,
caused by the relat ve mot on of the source and the observer (as n the class cal
Doppler effect), when tak ng nto account effects descr bed by the spec al theory of
relat v ty.
Astronomers know of three sources of redsh ft/bluesh ft: Doppler sh fts; grav tat onal
redsh fts (due to l ght ex t ng a grav tat onal f eld); and cosmolog cal expans on
(where space tself stretches). Th s art cle concerns tself only w th Doppler sh fts.
The relat v st c Doppler effect s a phenomenon n wh ch the wavelength (and
frequency) of electromagnet c waves changes due to the relat ve mot on of the r
source and the observer. It has two components: the class cal Doppler effect
(analogous to the perce ved change of p tch when the source of sound s n mot on)
and the E nste n redsh ft effect wh ch has no counterpart n the Doppler effect for
sound. The redsh ft effect contr butes the character st c d lat on factor.

S nce the transverse Doppler effect s one of the ma n novel pred ct ons of the
spec al theory of relat v ty, the detect on and prec se quant f cat on of th s effect has
been an mportant goal of exper ments attempt ng to val date spec al relat v ty.
Other d rect tests of the TDE on rotat ng platforms were made poss ble by the
d scovery of the Mössbauer effect, wh ch enables the product on of exceed ngly
narrow resonance l nes for nuclear gamma ray em ss on and absorpt on

where v s the relat ve veloc ty of the observer w th respect to the source and
c=3.10*8 m/s s the speed of l ght n vacuum. Th s factor s present even when the
source and the observer are at the po nt of nearest approach, see ng the frequency
of the em tted l ght sh fted wh le the sound waves would rema n unaffected n a
s m lar s tuat on.

For a source em tt ng electromagnet c l ght of wavelength λ0 mov ng w th veloc ty v

relat ve to the observer, the observed wavelength of the waves s sh fted accord ng
to

For v s ble spectrum (wavelength ~ 380 - 740 nanometers), the relat v st c Doppler
effect and the aberrat on of l ght result n a sh ft n colors and the perce ved d rect on
from wh ch the l ght arr ves
THE D fference Between Doppler Effect and
Relat v st c Doppler Effect
The d fference between doppler effect and relat v st c doppler effect s;
Doppler effect as the equat ons nclude the t me d lat on effect of spec al relat v ty
and do not nvolve the med um of propagat on as a reference po nt. They descr be
the total d fference n observed frequenc es and possess the requ red Lorentz
symmetry.
Doppler effect s us ng Gal lean transformat on but The relativistic doppler effect is
using Lorentz information
Thus non-relativistic theory says that Doppler effect is not possible for light.(More
precisely, it cannot explain the Doppler effect of light)
In relativistic theory, the speed of light is comparable to other speeds in the system,
so it explains Doppler effect for light, with the aid of time dilation and length
contraction.

Resources:
-https://en.w k ped a.org/w k /Doppler_effect#Inverse_Doppler_effect
-https://en.w k ped a.org/w k /Relat v st c_Doppler_effect#D rect_measurement
_of_transverse_Doppler_effect
-https://www.br tann ca.com/sc ence/Doppler-effect
-http://hydrogen.phys k.un -wuppertal.de/hyperphys cs/hyperphys cs/hbase/rel
at v/reldop3.html#c3
-https://www.maplesoft.com/support/help/Maple/v ew.aspx?path=MathApps%2
FRelat v st cDopplerEffect
-https://www.researchgate.net/publ cat on/244401858_Relat v st c_Doppler_Eff
ect_and_the_Pr nc ple_of_Relat v ty

Berat AYDIN
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