Republic of the Philippines

University of Eastern Philippines

Laoang Campus

Local
Demonstration Jeric P. Aducal || Science Major

March 13, 2023 8: 00 AM 12 STEM ROOM

 Group
Activity
Group Activity
Directions:

The class will be divided into four groups, and each

group will be given a puzzle (picture). All you need to do
to solve the puzzle is to arrange the pieces to form the
pictures. After solving the puzzle, observe the picture
and write your observations. Then, after doing the
activity, each group will have a representative to
present their answers.
 Goup
Presentation
• evolution •
of life
general biology II
 what
What do do you
you know ve
v er
r
go
g oo
oIlocos sur
about

•
evolution? alr
mia
Evolution is a theory established by
different scientists that states that
organisms experience gradual change over
time.
It involves change in the genetic makeup
of a population from generation to
generation.
The idea that living species are
descendants of ancestral species
those were different from the
present day ones.
 There are two
theories associated
with the evolution of
life. What are these?
 Lamarck’s Theory of
Adaptation
•and•
Charles Darwin’s
Theory of Evolution by
Natural Selection
 theory
• of •
adaptation
This theory was proposed by ry
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck.
o
the n
According to this theory,
jea
organisms altered their
behaviour in response to
basti

•
tiste
environmental change. Their

•
changed behaviour, in turn,
modified inherited those la
miam
gaar
o
“improved” structures.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck was the first
scientist to study about the evolution of life.
He presented two theories called Theory of
Inheritance of Acquired Traits and the Theory
of Use and Disuse. According to him
physiological needs drive individual
organisms to change their physical
characteristics and this change might be an
effect of a long-term use or disuse of a body
part. These characteristics will then be later
passed to their offspring.
The blacksmith’s arm (or any other
set of muscles) enlarges when used p
ada nta
continually against an external tio
resistance, such as the weight of
the hammer. If the effect were evolu
inherited, the smith’s children at

•
theory
birth would have unusually large

•
arms-if not at birth, then they
become adults, even though they laam
mi sga
aro
had not used their arms ck
excessively.
 His notable work included the
popular example of an evolution p
ada nta
example 2

today, the giraffes. Lamarck’s tio

noted that the giraffe’s neck grew
long as it seeks to browse higher evolu
and higher on the leaves of tree

•
theory
on which it feeds through

•
stretching its neck. As a result of
this habit, the giraffe’s front limbs
laam
mi sga
aro
and neck have gradually grown
longer.
ck
 Another one is the adaptation of p
ada nta
example 2
birds floating in water. To enable
tio
them to rest on water, formation
of the web between their toes
happened. He also theorized that
evolu

•
theory
extinction of organisms never

•
happened. Instead, organisms
“adapt to evolve” into different laam
mi sga
aro
species. ck
 Lamarck proposed
that living
organisms needed to
change or evolve to
adapt to the
changes happening
in the environment.
 Theory of
Evolution by
Natural
Selection
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin is an English naturalist
and geologist, whose work is somewhat
related to Lamarck’s. Charles Darwin
explained evolution through his
different ideas namely, Natural
Selection, Idea of Common Descent,
Idea of Gradualism and Idea of
Multiplication of Species. His work was
a product of a voyage in Galapagos
Island where he observed different
species of animals thriving in the island.
According to him, natures select
which organism will survive.
This gave birth to term we know
today, “survival of the fittest”.
Differential in rates of survival is
dependent on individuals’ heritable
traits suited in the environment.
A change in environment (or movement
of individuals to new environment)
may cause species to give rise to new
species depending on the traits that
will be favoured by the new
environment.
In simple words, San t a
organisms need ma ria
to “evolve to Paoay
adapt” to their Ilocos sur

•
environment, or
else they will mi
miaag
gaao
o
not survive.
Example of this lve
situation is the evo
to
difference in
beak types of adapt
birds that allows

•
survive
them to eat the

•
food suited on
the environment su
miari
gvae
o
where they live.
Another is the color San t a
adaptation, for ma ria
example, treefrogs Paoay
use their color to Ilocos sur

•
hide from predators
while hiding on green mi
miaag
gaao
o
grasses.
But, if a treefrog is on a a
San t
branch of a tree, it will ma ria
be easy for its
predators to find it Paoay
Ilocos sur

•
since its camouflage is

•
no longer effective on
different colored mi
miaag
gaao
o
environment.
Do you think
there are other
theories or
concepts related
to the evolution
of life?
COMMON DESCENT
IN THE IDEA OF COMMON DESCENT, HE BELIEVES
THAT ORGANISMS WERE JUST A PART OF THE
COMMON ANCESTRY FOR WHICH THEY ARE
DESCENDANT OF. THIS GAVE RISE TO THE IDEA THAT
HUMANS ARE DESCENDANTS OF GREAT APES.
EVIDENCES THAT SUPPORT THIS THEORY ARE THE
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE GENES OF THE TWO
SPECIES AND FOSSILS FOUND IN DIFFERENT PARTS
OF THE WORLD.
COMMON DESCENT LAST EVIDENCE FOR
DESCENT WITH
MODIFICATION IS
COMPARISON OF
PENTADACTYL LIMB
(LIMB WITH FIVE
DIGITS) IN
DIFFERENT
ANIMALS. IT IS
BELIEVED THAT IT
EVOLVED FROM THE
PAIRED FINS OR
PRIMITIVE FISH.
COMMON DESCENT
THE ILLUSTRATION
SHOWS THAT
ALTHOUGH DIFFERENT
ANIMALS SHOW
DIFFERENT LIMBS,
THEY ALL SHARE SAME
FIVE FINGERED BONE
STRUCTURE.
 IN GRADUALISM,
DARWIN STATED
THAT EVOLUTION IS A
SLOW, UNIFORM
AND GRADUAL
PROCESS. IT IS A
PROCESS WHICH
CANNOT BE
GRADUALISM PRESENTLY
OBSERVED.
MULTIPLICATION OF SPECIES

IN MULTIPLICATION OF SPECIES, THIS POSTULATES THAT

SPECIES MULTIPLY, EITHER BY A SPLITTING INTO DAUGHTER
SPECIES OR BY “BUDDING”, THAT US, BY THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF GEOGRAPHICALLY ISOLATED FOUNDER POPULATIONS THAT
EVOLVE INTO NEW SPECIES.
Now, who
is Alfred
Russell
Wallace?
Alfred Wallace
Alfred Wallace studied how
different species were
distributed in different areas.
This area of study is called
biogeography. Wallace is
known as the father of
biogeography. He studied how
and why different species
were living in different places.
Alfred Wallace co-discovered the theory of
evolution with Charles Darwin. The theory of
evolution states that evolution is driven by
natural selection. Natural selection is the
process in which organisms with traits best
adapted to their environment will survive
long enough to pass on those traits to
future generations.
Who proved
Darwin’s theory
of evolution by
natural selection
through his
experiment?
Gregor Mendel
While majority was
pondering on the theory of
evolution, an Australian
monk name Gregor Mendel
(1822-1884) was carrying our
imperative experiments that
would finally prove Darwin’s
concept of natural selection.
 Using Mendel’s works on genetics, a
couple of studies showed how genetic
traits in an animal or plant population
could be selected by environmental
pressures and how these populations
easily become adopted to its
environment.
Who are the key
proponents and
developers of
the concept of
evolution?”
Lamarck, Darwin, Wallace, and
Mendel are the key proponents
and developers of the concept of
evolution that we know today.
However, several others had
involvement in these concepts as
well.
 What is the
relationship
between the
two theories
discussed?
 what is the relationship between the two theories discussed?

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by

natural selection relies on variation among
individual animals or plants of the same
species. The best adapted individuals will
survive the ‘struggle of life’ and will pass
their successful characteristics onto their
offspring.
Let’s summarize
WHAT YOU HAVE
LEARNED IN OUR
DISCUSSION
QUESTION: Page 1 of 8

What is evolution?
QUESTION: Page 2 of 8

What is theory of
adaptation?
QUESTION: Page 3 of 8

Who is the proponent

of theory of
adaptation?
QUESTION: Page 4 of 8

What is theory of
evolution by natural
selection?
QUESTION: Page 4 of 8

Who is the proponent of

theory of evolution by
natural selection?
 QUESTION: Page 5 of 8

Who supported Darwin’s

concept of natural selection by
demonstrating how geography
influenced evolution?
QUESTION: Page 6 of 8

Who proved Darwin’s

concept of natural
selection through an
experiment?
 Page 7 of 8
QUESTION:

Who are the key

proponents and
developers of the concept
of evolution?
QUESTION: Page 8 of 8

Who are the key

proponents and
developers of the concept
of evolution?
 Each of you will be given four sticks with
attached symbols on the edges. Each symbol
corresponds to a proponent. What you will do
is to raise the stick with symbol that
corresponds to your answer to the question.
These are the symbols and their corresponding
proponent:
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Alfred Russell Wallace
Gregor Mendel ☂
squid game question

HE
HE BELIEVES
BELIEVES THAT
THAT ORGANISMS
ORGANISMS WERE
WERE
JUST
JUST AA PART
PART OF
OF THE
THE COMMON
COMMON ANCESTRY
ANCESTRY
FOR
FOR WHICH
WHICH THEY
THEY ARE
ARE DESCENDANT
DESCENDANT OF.
OF.
THIS
THIS GAVE
GAVE RISE
RISE TO
TO THE
THE IDEA
IDEA THAT
THAT
HUMANS
HUMANS ARE
ARE DESCENDANTS
DESCENDANTS OF OF GREAT
GREAT
APES.
APES.
squid game question

HE ALSO THEORIZED
THAT EXTINCTION OF
ORGANISMS NEVER
HAPPENED. INSTEAD,
ORGANISMS “ADAPT TO
EVOLVE” INTO
DIFFERENT SPECIES.
 squid game question

FIRST SCIENTIST WHO STUDY ABOUT THE EVOLUTION. HE

PRESENTED TWO THEORIES CALLED THEORY OF
INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED TRAITS AND THE THEORY OF
USE AND DISUSE.
squid game question

HE STATED THAT EVOLUTION IS A SLOW, UNIFORM AND

GRADUAL PROCESS. IT IS A PROCESS WHICH CANNOT BE
PRESENTLY OBSERVED.
squid game question
HE WAS AN AUSTRALIAN MONK THAT STUDY
IMPERATIVE EXPERIMENTS THAT WOULD FINALLY
PROVE DARWIN’S CONCEPT OF NATURAL SELECTION.
 squid game question

HE IS KNOWN AS THE FATHER OF BIOGEOGRAPHY. HE STUDIED

HOW AND WHY DIFFERENT SPECIES WERE LIVING IN DIFFERENT
PLACES.
 squid game question

HE AND CHARLES DARWIN TOGETHER DISCOVER THE EVOLUTION

THEORY. NATURAL SELECTION, ACCORDING TO THE THEORY OF
EVOLUTION, IS WHAT PROPELS EVOLUTION.
squid game question

THEY ARE THE FOUR KEY COMPONENTS AND DEVELOPERS OF THE

CONCEPT OF EVOLUTION THAT WE KNOW TODAY.
 Class
WHY IS EVOLUTION IMPORTANT?
WHY DO WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND
EVOLUTION?
Evaluation
 Assignment
Directions. Answer the following questions. Write your
answers on a ½ sheet of paper.

1. what are the pieces of evidence of evolution?

2. what is the importance of these pieces of evidence of
evolution in the present time?
 Rubrics for Short Essay

Criteria 5 4 3 2

All Most Some Less

information information information information
Accuracy provided is provided is provided is provided is
correct. correct. correct. correct.

Few Some Many

Grammatical
grammatical grammatical grammatical
Grammar errors are
errors are errors are errors are
not observed.
observed. observed. observed.