Functional group analysis

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Physical Liquid
state
2.odour Phenolic odour
3. Heat on Sooty flame Aromatic comp
copper foil may present
4. Litmus test Blue litmus turns
red
5. Solubility Soluble in Phenol may
test 10%NaOH and present
insoluble in
water
6. Organic Green/ violet Phenol may
compound + ppt present
FeCl3
7. Organic Green / brown Phenol may
compound + ppt present
cerric
ammonium
nitrate
8. Organic Green / brown Phenol may
compound + ppt present
NaNO2( a
crystal) +
H2SO4
Result: The given organic compound is phenol.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Physical Liquid
state
2. Odour Smell of bitter Aldehyde grp
almonds may present

3. Heating on Non sooty flame Aliphatic grp

copper foil may present
4. Solubility Soluble in water
test
5. Organic Pink colour Aldehyde grp
compound + may present
Schiff’s base

4. Organic Silver mirror on Aldehyde grp

compound + the walls of test present
Tollen’s reagent tube
6. Organic Red ppt Aldehyde grp
compound + present
Fehling’ s. A
and B ( heat
on water
bath)

Result : The given organic compound has aldehyde

grp .
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Physical Liquid
state
2. Odour Peculiar odour

3. Solubility Soluble in water

test
4. Heating on Non sooty flame Aliphatic
copper foil compound may
present
5. Organic Wine red colour Ketone grp
compound + present
sodium
nitroprusside
+ NaOH

6. Organic Violet colour Ketone grp

compound + present
m-
dinitrobenzene+
NaOH + heat
7. Organic Oily yellow Methyl ketone
compound + KI- liquid grp present
I2( iodine)+
NaOH + heat

Result. : The given organic compound has methyl

ketone functional group.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Physical Liquid
state
2.Odour Smell of vinegar Acetic acid may
present

3.Litmus test Turns blue Acid grp may

litmus red present
4. Solubility test Soluble in water
5. Organic Effervescence of Acetic acid grp
compound + CO2 may present
NaHCO3

7. Organic Deep red colour Acetic acid grp

compound + confirmed
FeCl3
8. Organic Fruity smell Acetic acid grp
compound + confirmed
ethanol +
few drops of
sulphuric
acid+ heat

Result : The given functional group is acetic grp.

Experiment Observation Inference
1. Physical Liquid
state
2. Odour No specific
odour
3. Heating on Sooty flame Aromatic
copper foil compound
present
4. Litmus test Turns red litmus
blue
5. Solubility in Partially soluble
water
6. Organic Foul smell of Aniline may
compound + formation of present
CHCl3 +KOH isocyanide
+ heat
7. Organic No ppt Aniline may
compound formation present
+benzene
sulphonyl
chloride +
NaOH +
Shake
8. Organic Orange dye Aniline
compound
+NaNO2 + confirmed
HCl ( keep in
ice bath O*
 to 5*) +.
Naphthol
Result: The given organic compound is aniline.