Applied Thermodynamics

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".; ~ I
U . r -- - ~ 17ME43
{~'YFOu~t 'S mester R.E. Degree Exam·nation, Feb./Mar. 2022

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Applied Thermodynamics
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Note: 1. Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing ONE full question from each module.
, ax. Marks: 100
2. Use of Steam Table/Mollier cart/Psychrometric c art is permitted.
Module-l
1 a. Derive an expression of air-standard efficiency of an Otto cycle with PV and TS diagram.
(08 Marks)
b. An engine working on d al combustion cycle takes iA air at 1 bar and 30°C. The clearance
is 80% of the strok~~~po the cut-off takes place at 0% of the stroke. The maximum pressure
in the cycle is limit~d fo 70 bar. Find the te11;ls~ture and pressure at all salient points. Also
find air standard efficiency. (12 Marks)
OR
2 a. With a help of block diagram and 'IS diagram, explain regeneration process. (08 Marks)
b. Find the required air fuel ratio in a gas turbine whose turbine and compressor efficiencies
are 85% and 80% respectively. Maximum cycle temperature is 875°C. The working fluid
can be taken as air [C, = 1.0 k IkgK and y = I.4J whicli enters the CQ pressor at 1 bar and
27°C. The pressure ratio IS ~. The fuel used has a ev of 42000 kJlkg$l. There is a loss of
10% of fuel in the comBustion chamber. (\ :. ., (08 Marks)
c. Briefly classify the jet propulsion engine. -; if' ~ (04 Marks)
Module-2 (j
3 a. With the help ofT -S diagram, explain e effect of:
(i) Pressure and temperature
(ii) Super heating
(iii) Boi er pressure on the p'erfo ance of Rankine c cle (09 Marks)
b. Assuming that steam enters tHe turbine in a dry saturated state, show that for a simple
Rankine cycle the thertrfal~fJlciency of the cy,clelis given by
o v ~ ~=l-;~(/
where T 1 = Heat rejection emperature
m = Thermodypamic mean temperature (06 Marks)
c. In a regenerative cycle, the steam p~essure at turbine inlets is 30 bar and the exhaust is at
0.04 bar. The steam is initially saturated. Enough amount of steam is bled off at the optimum
pressure to heat the feed water, Neglecting pump work, determine the cycle efficiency.
/ ~~~
" OR
4 a. With a help of block diagram and TS diagram, explain briefly the Camot cycle. Also derive
an expression fu tlie thermal efficiency ofCamot cycle. (10 Marks)
b. A Rankine cyc e working between a boiler pressure of30 bar and condenser pressure of 0.5
bar. The mass leaving the boiler and entering the turbine has a dryness fraction of 0.85.
Determine: Download VTUcycle
(1) Rankine Connect App Now
efficiency (ii)From Google
Turbine Play(iii)
work Store
Pump work (10 Marks)
1 of3
17ME43
Module-3
5 a. Explain:
(i) Mass and mole fraction
(ii) Stoichiometric air fuel ratio for petrol
(iii) Enthalpy and internal combustion (06 Marks)
b. Explain the analysis of exhaust gases by Orsat apparatus. (05 Marks)
c. The given percentage composition by mass of fuel is given as ollows: C = 90%,
H2 = 3.3%, O2 = 3%, N2 = 1.1% and S = 0.91 % and the remainder i incombusitible. Find:
(i) The mass of air required for c 'ml5Jstion of 1 kg of fuel. .:0-
':tt .,
(ii) If 60% excess air is used, ete1ll1ine the percentage of eXhallst gases by volume.
(09 Marks)
OR
6 a. Define knocking in SI eng~e. Explain the factors affec,tmg knocking. (04 Marks)
b. With a block diagram, explain Morse test on multi-c tlinder engine. (06 Marks)
c. The following resu were obtained during a test on a two stroke engine at full load.
Fuel consumptiq ~\i4 g/hr
Cylinder diameter= 20 em (j
Stroke = 2$ em
Speed = [3 0 rpm
Net bra e load = 630 N
Mean ffective pressure = 300 kRa
Jacket cooling water flow rate =,500 kg/hour
Jacket cooling water temperature rise = 20°C "-
Temperature of exhaust gases= 400°C
Room temperature = 20<fcs
""
'" ~. ,
Air used per kg of fuel = 32 kg
Effective brake dia eter = 100 cm
Calorifi~ valu offfiel =.43 MJlkg
Proportion ofhyar'ogen m fuel = 15~
. S·
.,,,. V'
."'1.;1
&'
Specific heat of dry exhaust gas = I KJ/kgK
Specific heat of steam = 2.1 kJ g~ -ffJ031
Draw heat balance sheet in kJ/min and in percentage \ ,\jJr£ - ::> (10 Marks)
~ Module-4
7 a
r, ith a neat sketch(exJ1farn air refrigeratignj ystem working on Bell-Coleman cycle. Also
V ow its PV and 178 199ram. (06 Marks)
b. Derive an expressiQp for Coefficient of Performance (COP) when air refrigeration system
when compression and expansion are isentropic. (06 Marks)
c. An air re 'gerafon system works oh an open air cycle is required to provide 20 tonnes of
refrigeration, with cooler pressure of 12.5 bar and refrigerator pressure of 1.05 bar. The
temperature of the air le~Vi,ng,the cooler is 20°C and leaving the cold chamber is -1°C.
Assuming isentropic corrip~1>ion and expansion and neglecting clearance. Find:
(i) Weight of air circulat~d/min
(ii) COP of the s stem
,..
(iii) Power required per ton refrigeration (08 Marks)
, OR
&' 20f3



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SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
聡
鵬 Ⅷ朧
USN 151Ⅶ E43

ふ5 Ъ 1 6 け [ 3 S ⊇
Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2018 lJan.20l9

Applied Thermodynamics
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 80
Note: l. Answer FIVE full questions, choosing one full question from each module.
００３０に■Ｑ一
2. Use of steam table/Illollier chart/Psychrometric chart is permitted.
dDeriveanexpressionofAi.-,tundu,ffiyofottocycIewithneatsketchofP-Vand
０“﹄ ∽“ ｏｏ一
t'l,ir'fi[ffi...n. exprain the workingornu*i., l8lliffii '

“ｏＬ一ｏつ一〓 ′ ．
c. Calculate the percentage loss in the ideal efficiency of a diesel engine with compression
・
8o/o.
∽０““Ｑンロ“一
ratio 14 if the fuel cut-off is delayed from 5o/o to (05 Marks)

，
OR
〇い＝ ∞＋ヽヾｍｏＬｏ一〓﹄＞′ ∽ＣＯ〓にコσｏ﹄ｏヽｏ〓“ ﹂ｏ一“●︻
a. With a neat block diagram and T-S diagram, explain how 'regeneration' increases thermal
つ “Ｅ一
efficiency of gas turbine plant. (06卜 larks)

〓一
Defi ne Air-standard effi c iencv.

●ＥＯ﹄ｏこ一 “ｏ ∽ｏ年〓 ∽∽ｏ﹄０一
(02 1Wlarks)
¨
A Gas turbine unit has a prcssurc ratio 6:l and maximum cycle temperature ol'610° C.Thc
iscntr9pic CfflCicncies of the compressor and turbinc are O.80 and O.82 respectively.
Calculatc thC powcr output when thc aF cnters the compressor at 15° C atthc ratc of 16 kg/s.
Take C:=1.005 KJ/kgK and γ=1.4 br compressiOn and CP=l.H kJ/kgK alld γ=l.333
for expansion processes. (08 Marks)
Ⅳlodule-2
ｏＣＯｍ“¨
ンイao whh the heゎ of COrrcspOndhg■ ow and T‐ S diagranls exphh bricfly thc Ⅵ′ orking of a
practicle regenerative Rankine cvclc vith one opcn feed 、
、 vatcr hcater. Derive also all
ｏた′“﹄０、〓﹄Ｏ∽一
expression for its thermal efficiency. (0E Marks)

b. A simple Rankine cycle works between the boiler pressure of 3 MPa and condenser pressure
に＞Ｏ〇一一
of 4 KPa. The steam is dry saturated befbre the throttling in the turbine. Determine
(i) Rankine cycle efficiency (ii) Work ratio (iii) Specific steam consumption. (08 Marks)
にＯ。。に．
５ＱＥｏ９．
ＣＯ●“ｏ事〓〓ｏＯ一ヽＯｍ〓〓にｏ＞８＾〓イヽ・
4 a. Discuss'the effect of, (i) Boiler Or.rrur?*,ii) Condenser pressure (iii) Super heat on the
∽﹄０ ′∽Ｅ” ﹄●０、 ∞Ｃ〓０一
performance of a Rankine cycle.

，
(08 Marks)
b. A steam power plant operates on a theoretical reheat cycle. Steam at boiler at 150 bar. 550'C
expands through the high pressure turbine. It is reheated at a constant pressure of 40 bar to
550'C and expands through the lorv pressure turbine to a condenser at 0.1 bar. Draw h-s
diagram. Find (i) Quality of steamatturbine exhaust (ii) Cycle elficiency (iii) Steam rate
αＥｏＯ〓︵︶︼ ¨ｏ一０フ︻一Ｃ‘言００Ｓ〓
in_些曇￨ (08ル larks)

hr.Kヽ ′ ■
Ⅳlodule-3
ベ
/Explain the fo1lowing:(i).StOiChiometric alr(ii)El

だ y° f brmatbn. (04 Markッ
b.Exphh thc method ofindhg iた tbnpowerushgttthaゎ lorse tcst. (04ル larks)
c. A Solid fuel contains by weight, carbon 7loh, hydrogen 4%o, oxygen 9%, Sulphur 3o/o.
Nitrogen loh andthe remainder is ash. Determine the minimum quantity of air required for
complete combustion of I kg of fuel. If the actual air supplied is 1.3 times the minirnum
required for complete combustion, estimate the percentagl gravimetric composition of dry
(08 Marks)
l of2
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撼 Store & Visit https://vtuconnect.in for more
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SRI SAIRAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ,, 15PIE′ ^
糧νfご
てヽ n■ Fκ しマ
J取 A
`8-ぉb.Dcflne:(i) (五 )Indた ated thermal efflchncy. ■‐

(04 Marks)
(04ル larks)
c. ln a trial of a single cylinder oil engine working on dual cycle, the following observations
were made:
Oil consumption: 10.2 kg/h : Calorific value of fuel :43890 kJ/kg
Air consumption:3.8 kg/min; Speed: 1900 rpm
Torque on the brake drum : 186 N-m; Quantity of cooling water used : 15.5 kg/min
:
Temperature rise 36'C; Exhaust gas temperature :410'C
Room temperature :20"C; :
'Cp' of exhaust gases l.l7 kJ/kgK
Calculate Brake thermal efficiency and draw heat balance sheet on minute basis. (08 Marks)
Module-4
7 a. With a neat sketch. explain the working of Bell - Coleman air refrigeration cycle. (06 Marks)
b. Shorv the following processes on psychometric chart: (i) Sensible heating and cooling
(ii) Cooling and dehumidification (04 Marks)
c. In a simple vapour compression cycle,t)1lov√ ing are the propcrtics ofthe re■ igerant R‐ 12 at
varlous polntsl .‐ ‐.
Compressor hkt:h2■ 183.2 KJ/kg:L=0.0767・ぽ′ kg
Comprcssor discl年 ge:h3=222.6 KJ/kg;Ⅵ 〒0.0164m3/kg
Compressor cx責 :h4=84.9 KJ/kg;V4〒 0・
9° 083 mD/kg
Thc piston dispiatement volume for c6mprOssor is l.5 1itres per stroke and hs volumetric
emchncy is.β O%.ThC Speed ofthc c9興 pressOr is 1600 rpm.Find(D POWer rating ofthe
comproSsor(K恥り (ii)Rc■ igcral‐ ing cmect(KW) (o6Marks)
OR I●
シa需穐棋
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「
mTttWe。 wa bdb temperature(面 )Dew point temperature
_.■￨・ ‐
￨■ ■ ィ (04 ⅣIarks)
b. State the properties of good refrigerant. (04 PIarks)
c. An air conditioning system is designed under the following conditions:
Outdoor conditions = 30'C DBT and 75% RH
Required indoorconditions :22'C DBT and 70% RH
Amount of free air circulated : 3 mr/sec
Coil dew point temperature: l4'C
The required condition is achieved first by cooling and dehumidification and then by
heating. Calculate (i) the capacity of the cooling coil in tones.
(ii) the capacity of the heating coil in KW.
(iii) the ailrount of water vapour removed in kg/s. (08 DIIarks)
Module-S
a. What are the advantages of multistage compression? (04 Marks)
b. What do you mean by a supersaturated flow? Explain with the help of h-s diagram.
c. A single stage double-acting uir.o*pr.rsor is required to deliver l4 m3 of ui. p.r(ffiffi:?

1.013 bar and 15"C. The delivery pressure is 7 bar and the speed 300 rpm. Take the
clearance volume as 5oh of the swept volume with the compression and expansion index
n: 1.3, calculate (i) Swept volume of cylinder (ii) Indicated power. (06 Marks)
10 4r'deriue an expression for the conditionofi, minimum work -input required fbr two stage
compressor with perfect intercooling. (08 Marks)
b. A multistage compressor is to be designed to elevate the pressure from I bar to 120 bar, such
that the stage pressure ratio will not exceed 4. Determine (i) Number of stages
(ii) Minimum power required (iii) Intermediate pressures (iv) Exact pressure ratio. It is
rcqu■ cd“ lomprcss 15 m3/min Of frcc a廿 .Takc n=1.2 (0E Marks)
***2 of2***
101Ⅶ E/AU43
USN
FourthsemesterX;T;"T+;"":ilI*J:il'i'"18/Jan'201e
Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100
Note: l. Answer any FIWfull questions, selecting

atleast TWO questions from each part.
．
ｏｏ一
2. Use of thermodynamic data handbook is permitted-

一りに、Ｑ一
‐￨
PART― A
“ Ｃ口 ∽“ ０２ＣＯ■一。つ一〓を′ Ｏい＝ ∞＋べヾ．０ ●０〓一
l a. Dra、 v P― V and T― S diagraFnS‐ fOr a Dicsel cyclc.Deriヽ C an expression hr air― standard

efflciency in terms ofcompression ratio and cut offratio。 (10卜 larks)
b. The compression ratio in an air-standard Otto cycle is 10. At the beginning of the
∽ｏ∞‘０ンロ“ 一
compression stroke, the pressure is 0.1 MPa and the temperature is l5'C. The heat transfer
to the air per cycle is 1800 kJ/kg of air. Determine
＾
(i)
つ “ Ｃ一〓一
Maximum pressure and temperature in cycle

(ii) The thermal efficiencY
”“︻こｏ‘ ＣＯ ∽ｏｃ〓 ∽∽ｏ﹄０一
(iii) The mean effective pressure' (10 Marks)

¨
2 a.Wlh the‐機lp ofa nett sketch,cxpl`m the e油 aust gas an4ysiS ushg Orsat apparatus.
︼
﹄ヽ
(10 Ⅳlarks)
′
′ ∽〓０〓 ●５ σＯ﹄Ｏヽ０〓” ﹄ｏ一●５︻
b.Methahさ (cH4)iS burned whh atm6sphcrた a[.The analysis ofthc products on a dry basis is
as fo1lows:
C02=10% ; 0,=2.37%: CO=0.53% : N2=87.1%
“ＣＯｍ “一０ ′”﹄０＾〓﹄Ｏ ∽一５０ＥＯＯ．
Calculate:i)Air― 詢el ratio iD PerCCnt theoretical air iiO Conlbustion cquation.

(10卜 larks)
，
3 ao With the hclp ofl‐ a suitable graph, explain tヽ Villan's line method' of dcternlining friction
“＞Ｏ〇一一
powcrin I.C.engines. (10 Marks)

b. The air flow to a 4 cylindcr,4 stroke oil engine is measurcd by nleans of a 5 cm dianletcr
“０。α ” ．Ｃ〇一口“０嘱〓Ｃ０〇一ヽ。 ∞ 〓〓“。＞０﹄〓ンヽべ
on■ cc ha1/1pg a cOefflcた nt oflお ChargC Of O.6.During a test on the cngine the followillg
data wcre rccordcd: Bore=10 Cm; stroke=12 cm; speed= 1200 rpm: brake
torque三 1120 Nrn i hel.conζ inlption=5 kg/h i caloriflc values of fbcl=42000k」 /kg :
江
∽﹄０＞′∽ＣＣ﹄う０、ｍＣ “ ｏ一
:席hetti乱器乱
al選鮮::」師 :η ゞ
僻ャ『運Ⅷi聾鷹
iふ I桶
(iii)
pressure Volumetric efficiency' (10 Marks)
4 a. With the help of a block diagram and T-S diagram. explain simple steam power plant that
。日。ＯＣ︵︶。一 ¨ｏ一。フ︻一口●〓。０〓
operates on the Rankine cycle. (10 Marks)

＾
b. In a Rankine cycle, steam leaves the boiler and enters the turbine at 4 MPa and 400"C. The
・
condenser pressure is l0 kPa'

(i) Determine the cYcle efficiencY
iii) f f tn. plant has io produce 500 MW of power. determine mass flow'rate of water in kg/h.
(l0lVIarks)
，
l of2
101Ⅶ E/AU43
PART _ B
5 a. With the help of a block diagram, P-V and T-S diagrams. explain simple gas turbine power
plant that operates on the Bray'ton cycle. Derive an expression for thermal efficiency in
terms of pressure ratio. (10 Marks)
b. In an air-standard Bray,ton cycle the air enters the compressor at 0.1 MPa and 15'C. The
pressure leaving the compressor is I MPa. The maximum temperature in the cycle is
ll00'C. Determine : (i) Pressure and temperature at each point in the cycle (ii) The
compressor work, turbine work and cycle efficiency (iiD If an ideal regenerator is
introduced into the c1cle. determine the thermal efficiencl' of the cycle. (10 l,Iarks)
6 a. Obtain an expression for optimum intermediate prcssure in case of a2 stage reciprocating

compressor rvith perfbct intercooling. Also derive an expression for minimum work for the
sanle. (10 Marks)
b. A2stage at compreSsolrさ ccivcs O.238m3/s ofailat 100 kPa and 27° C and discharges it at
1000 kPa.Thc valり 9。 f n for the compression‐ is l.35.Dctermine:(D thC minimum power
necessary for c,mpressiOn(ii)the pOWerゃ 19‐9mpression to the same pressure for one stage
comprcssio,.(lii)Maximum tempcraturelfor both(D and(ii).(iV)the heat removed in
interc001cFt (10 Plarks)
7 a.
淋[戯ぶtメ ll乳 ∫
polnts.
讐鶏ぶilfttrTT鷺庶響lttl:T∬ ;器盤 :
(10 Marks)
b. An ammonia ice plant operates between a condensers temperature of 35oC and as evaporator
temperature of - 15"C. lt produces l0 tons of ice per day from water at 30"C to ice at - 5oC.
Assuming simple vapour compression refrigeration cycle, using only tables of properties of
ammonia, determine : (i) Capacity of the reliigeration plant (ii) Mass flow rate of
refrigerant (ii| Compressor power if adiabatic efficiency = 0.85 and mechanical
efficiency : 0.95 (iv) Theoretical COP (v) Actual C.O.P. Assume Cp* : 4.1868 kJ/kgK,
Cpicc=l.94К 」 /kg K,Latcnt heat of ision at O° C=335 kJ/kg. (10 Marks)
8 a. A rnixture‐ .of dry air and、 vtterヤapOur is at a temperature Of 21° C under a total pressure of
98.2 kPA(736mm of Hg)IThe‐ dew point tempOrature is 15° C.Find:(1)Partial pressure of
f
認 :rVi;lせ le:￨lililllfl‐ 111‖ ,Iぶ11」 :∫ II,11:::1:1lille:&11111::‖ 」lllllerkg°
(10 ⅣIarks)
The air handling tlnit Ofan air conditioning plant supplies a total of4500 rn3/1nin of dry air
which conlp,1,cs by mass 20%fre,ha■ at 40° C DBT and 27° C WBT and 80%recirculated
a■ at 25:‐ clDBT and 50%RI早 ■The air leaves the cooling coil at 13° C saturtted state.
Calculate the total cooling load arrd room heat gain. (10 Marks)
*****
2 of2
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SRI SAI RAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRI SAI RAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SHIRDI SAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SHIRDI SAI ENGG COLLEGE
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{~'YFOu~t 'S mester R.E. Degree Exam·nation, Feb./Mar. 2022

2. Use of Steam Table/Mollier cart/Psychrometric c art is permitted.

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USN 151Ⅶ E43

Fourth Semester B.E. Degree Examination, Dec.2018 lJan.20l9

2. Use of steam table/Illollier chart/Psychrometric chart is permitted.

t'l,ir'fi[ffi...n. exprain the workingornu*i., l8lliffii '

ratio 14 if the fuel cut-off is delayed from 5o/o to (05 Marks)

efficiency of gas turbine plant. (06卜 larks)

Defi ne Air-standard effi c iencv.

expression for its thermal efficiency. (0E Marks)

ＣＯ●“ｏ事 〓〓ｏＯ一ヽＯ ｍ〓〓にｏ＞８ ＾〓イヽ ・

performance of a Rankine cycle.

in_些 曇 ￨ (08ル larks)

/Explain the fo1lowing:(i).StOiChiometric alr(ii)El

`8-ぉb.Dcflne:(i) (五 )Indた ated thermal efflchncy. ■‐

c. A single stage double-acting uir.o*pr.rsor is required to deliver l4 m3 of ui. p.r(ffiffi:?

Time: 3 hrs. Max. Marks: 100

Note: l. Answer any FIWfull questions, selecting

2. Use of thermodynamic data handbook is permitted-

l a. Dra、 v P― V and T― S diagraFnS‐ fOr a Dicsel cyclc.Deriヽ C an expression hr air― standard

Maximum pressure and temperature in cycle

(iii) The mean effective pressure' (10 Marks)

Calculate:i)Air― 詢el ratio iD PerCCnt theoretical air iiO Conlbustion cquation.

powcrin I.C.engines. (10 Marks)

ＣＯ●“ｏ事〓〓ｏＯ一ヽＯｍ〓〓にｏ＞８＾〓イヽ・

in_些曇￨ (08ル larks)