Review of Related Literature

Academic performance among Grade 12 students is a significant field of research

considering the implications for both individual students and the educational system in general.
This literature review examines key factors that influence academic performance in this grade
level.

Family Factor

When exploring the factors that influence a student's academic performance, it becomes evident
that family-related aspects play a pivotal role. These encompass parental involvement, family
interaction styles, the cultural capital embedded within the family, and even the community
environment in which the family resides.
The practices employed by families in raising their children are intricately linked to students'
academic achievements. This suggests that parenting practices are not just isolated actions but
can significantly impact a child's educational outcomes. Liu's research highlights the intricate
relationship between the family dynamics and a student's scholastic success (Liu, 2018)
Moreover, (Liu, 2018) findings underscore the broader influence of the community environment
on students' academic achievements. It was revealed that the community in which a student's
family resides can exert a significant impact on their educational outcomes. Notably, children
hailing from rural communities exhibited lower language application skills in comparison to their
urban counterparts. This observation points to the diverse educational contexts that students from
different environments experience.

Influence of Textbooks on the Academic Performance

Numerous studies have affirmed the profound influence of textbooks on students'

academic performance These investigations have shed light on the multifaceted role textbooks
play in a student's learning journey, emphasizing their role as essential resources in achieving
educational success. (Brew et al., 2021). Textbooks not only serve as instructional materials but
also function as primary repositories of information, forming the backbone of a student's
educational experience They provide a comprehensive and well-detailed curriculum that guides
students through the intricacies of various subjects and topics, thereby contributing significantly
to their academic growth (Nketiah et al., 2021)

An insightful study conducted in Thailand, encompassing eight-grade Mathematics classes

nationwide, explored the impact of textbooks alongside other factors on students' performance.
The findings of this research unveiled the pivotal role played by textbooks. These materials were
found to influence students' performance by presenting a complete and well-detailed curriculum.
Moreover, textbooks were noted to serve as more than just instructional aids; they also assumed
the role of continuity in mathematics education beyond secondary school, reinforcing their
significance (Koranteng et al., 2021)

Personal Development

Candeias, Rebelo, and (Oliveira, 2008) stress the importance of understanding students'
attitudes towards school and learning, acknowledging the multifaceted nature of learning
outcomes. Learning, they argue, is subject to the influence of a multitude of factors, which makes
comprehending students' attitudes a crucial endeavor within the educational landscape. An
interesting observation made by (Wolfensberger, 2004) highlights the distinction in participation
between honor students and their non-honor counterparts in non-academic activities. Honor
students, known for their exceptional academic performance, exhibit a propensity for active
involvement in extracurricular pursuits. This finding underscores the potential link between
academic achievement and a proclivity for non-academic engagement.
(Yeh, 2002) delves into the relationship between students' self-esteem, interdependence
levels, and their attitudes towards seeking psychological help. Notably, students with lower self-
esteem but higher levels of interdependence tend to exhibit more positive attitudes toward
psychological assistance, potentially hinting at the role of self-perception in shaping attitudes.
The influence of students' attitudes on academic performance is a recurring theme in the
literature. (Janssen, 2014) underscores the direct impact of attitudes on academic scores, with a
clear linkage between attitudes and performance outcomes. (Schau, 2005) delves deeper into this
relationship, noting that students with neutral or positive attitudes tend to be less verbal
compared to their peers with negative attitudes. Such attitudes can significantly affect academic
achievements.