Social Reaction Theory / Labeling Theory

-Society Creates deviance through system of social control agency “official institutions” that LABEL certain
individual as delinquent.
- The Offender will be given a negative social label that can shape him as individual.

Differential Association Theory

Criminal Behavior is NOT inherited but Learned
Through Association and Communication
Most Important Theory by Edwin Sutherland

SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY :

Learned by SOCIAL EXPERIENCE /BAD EXPERIENCE

Capitalist/Marxist theory
Ruling class in the capitalist system ( lead by upper class )
NAMUMUHUNAN:
Proletariat – lower class Bourgeois – Upper Class INSTRUMENTALIST :
UPPER CLASS CREATES LAWS TO PROTECT THEIR OWN INTEREST
Psychodynamic /Psychoanalysis Theory
The development of unconscious personality early in the childhood influences behavior . Delinquents
have weak ego and Damages Personalities.
ID- PLEASURE
EGO -REALITY
SUPER EGO – MORALITY

Social Structure Theory

People’s position to social class “Inability to be PART OF SOCIETY”
POOR people are more likely to commit crimes because they are unable to achieve monetary of social
class.

Social Disorganization Theory

Breakdown of social institutions and organization such as school and family. Unemployment, Poor
Schools, broken Family

Social Control Theory

Ability of social Institutions to influence Human behavior

Social Bond Theory ( BIAC )

Likas kang masama, pero dahil connected k sa society Di Ka gumagawa ng crime.
Ties a person to the institutions and process of Society.
BELIEF
INVOLVEMENT
ATTACHMENT
COMMITMENT
Those who have close relationship with their parents. Friends and who maintain a positive self-image
will be able to resist the lure of deviant behavior.

Containment Theory ( tukso )

A strong Self Image insulates youth from the pressure to engage in Illegal acts.
Youth with poor self-concepts and low self esteem are more likely to engage in crime. Inner vs. outer

Differential Reinforcement Theory

Youth who receive more rewards than punishment for conforming behavior will be most likely to
remain non delinquent.
Reward vs punishment

Cultural Transmission
Culture and values that passed down from generation to generation.

Subculture
Group that are loosely part of dominant culture but maintain unique set of values, belief, and
traditions. ( MABAIT SA MUNDO NG MANYAK)

Culture Conflict Theory

When the values or subculture clash with those dominant culture.

Deterrence
Crime control policies that depend on the fear of criminal penalties. Choice to commit delinquent
can be controlled by the threat of punishment.
BIGYAN MO NG TAKOT PARA MAPIGILAN
PUTOL JUNJUN PAG NAG LOKO

Craniology
Study of Skull

Phrenology
Study of Skull and relationship to Personality

Physiognomy
Focus on Facial Features and relation to behavior PAG PANGIT KA CRIMINAL KA.

Physiology/ somatotyping
Focus on PHYSICAL BUILT ( KATAWAN)

ERNEST K. WILLIAM SHELDON

ASTHENIC ECTOMORPHIC MAPAYAT

ATHLETHIC MESOMORPHIC MACHO ( PRONE TO
COMMIT VIOLENCE)
PYKNIC ENDOMORHIC MATABA

Sociology
Study of human Society

Social Science
Crime is a SOCIAL CREATION

Criminal Physical Anthropology

Study of Criminality and Physical Constitutions of Men
(HUMAN SPECIES )

Criminal Etiology
Study of Cause or Origin of the Crime
Primarily with the study of crime causation

Criminal Ecology
Study of Criminality and Spatial Distributions

Criminal Epidemiology
Study of Criminality and relationship to Environment (diseases , health problem )
Criminal Demography
Study of Population and relationship to criminality

Criminal Psychiatry
Study Of Human mind and relationship to criminality

Criminal Psychology
Study of Human Behavior and relationship to criminality

Victimology
Study of the role of the Victim

TYPE OF VICTIM:
Primary Victim: Direct Victim
Secondary Victim: Indirect (Family)
Tertiary or Remote Victim: they become psychologically affected because of hearing witness testimony,
watching television.

Types of People most likely to be Victim of Homicide:

Depressive Type
One who was seen as easy target, careless and unsuspecting.

Greedy type
Seen as easily duped because his motivation for easy gain lowers natural tendency to be suspicious.

Wanton type
Is particularly vulnerable to stresses that occur at a given period of time in the life cycle, such as juvenile
victims

Tormentor type
The victim of attack from the target of his abuse, such as the battered woman. ( ganti ng babae)

Types of Abuser

Incompetent abusers
Who are simply using the same technique to control children that their parents used with them.

Situational Abuser
Are characteristic of homes in which a parent is absent for prolonged period of time and then appear.

Neglectful abuser
Are usually poor, uneducated, dependent, unemployed

Type of offender based on etiology

Acute Criminal
One who violates criminal law by impulse or due to fit of passion

Chronic Criminal
One who acted with deliberation or premeditation

TIME:
Instant Crime – mabilisan ginawa
Episodial Crime – pinag planuhan
RESULT:
Acquisitive Crime – Gain/ Benefits ( nakinabang) theft
Extinctive crime – Destruction ( may nasira) arson , murder

PLACE:
Static Crime – One place
Continuing – Several Place

Killing

Serial Killing – Killing of a large number ( OVER TIME )

Mass Murder – Killing of a large number ( one incident )
Spree Murder -Killing of a large number with no time break and different location.
Types of Offenders by Cesare Lombroso

Born Criminal – At least 5 atavistic Stigmata

Insane Criminal – Mentally ill
Criminaloid – a person who projects a respectable, upright Façade , in an attempt to conceal a criminal
personality.

FAMILY

FAMILY STRUCTURE:

Nuclear family
Husband, wife, and their Children

Extended Family
Consisting of several generation of blood relatives ( lolo,lola, tita and tito )

Joint Family
The married children with their spouse and children living with one residence.

Truncated Family
Relationship between Grandparents and Grandchildren, assume the responsibility when the parents
died.

Blended Family
Nuclear Families that are the product of divorce and remarriage, blending one parent from each of two
families and their combined children into one family unit.

JUVENILE:

Corporate Model
The father is the chief executive officer
The mother , the operating officer and implements the father’s policy The father make the most , he is the
final word.

Team Model
The Father is the Head
The mother is the chief of the training table and cheerleader
In the Team Family , Competition is in the name of the game , winning is everything.

The Military Model

The father is the general
The mother is the guard duty with a special assignment to the nurse corps when needed.
Punishment is swift and sadism called character building.
The boarding school model
The Father is the head master , charge of training
The mother is the dorm councilor The children are dutiful students Focus on taught and test.

Initial Contact with the child

Apprehension or taking custody of a child in conflict with the law

Youthful Offender
PD 603 (CHILD AND YOUTH WELFARE CODE )

Child In conflict with the law

RA 9344 (JUVENILE JUSTICE WELFARE ACT )

Child At Risk
Vulnerable to and at the risk of committing criminal offense.

Intervention Program
Series of activities which designed to address issues that caused the child to commit an offense
Forms of Individualized treatment
Exceed 15 and under 18 without discernment
15 and below (exempted from criminal liability)

Diversion
Alternative, process of determining the responsibility and treatment of CICL without resulting to
formal court proceedings.

Diversion Program (manok)

Program that CICL required to undergo after he found responsible for an
offense without resorting to formal court proceedings. (within 45 days) Exceed 15 but under 18 with
discernment

Status offense
Acts may not be punishable legally /socially if committed by adult but become anti-social if committed by a
minor. NAGYOYOSI

RA 10630 – NEW LAW AMEND THE RA 9344

BAHAY PAG ASA ( EXCEED 12 BUT UNDER 15 ) H,CRIME

Abandoned – iniwan 3 BUWAN ra 9523

Neglected – pinapabayaan
Abused – sinasaktan, inaabuso
Mentally ill – may diperensya sa utak
Physically handicapped – may kapansanan
Mentally Retarded – Low Maturity
Custodial – 0 -25%
Trainable – 25- 50%
Educable – 50 -75 %
Borderline – 75- 89%
IDIOT – 2 YEARD OLD
MORON- 7 YEAR OLD
Authoritarian parents
Extremely strict parenting style
Focus more on obedience, discipline control rather than nurturing your child.

Prudence
Ability to govern and discipline oneself by means of reason and sound judgment
Fortitude
Endure without yielding
Firmness of mind

Temperance
Ability to moderate in action, thought or feeling

Endurance
Ability to last

Patience
Ability to calm in enduring situations

Perseverance
Ability to go on despite obstacle or oppositions

Malfeasance
Performing an act that is prohibited by law

Misfeasance
There is irregularity in the performance of duty

Non feasance
Failure or non-performance one’s duty

Discretion –
Use of personal decisions making and choice in carrying out operations in the criminal justice system.

Police lifestyle
The public expect a police officer to live a simple, yet credible and dignified life.
Camaraderie
Binding spirit that enhances teamwork

Psychosis
A mental condition where the person may withdraw from real world into the world of fantasy
Withdrawal from reality
Utak :

Neurosis
A condition where a person compromises with reality by developing imaginary ailments, phobia or
anxiety Behavior :

Phobia
An irrational fear, intense, uncontrollable and most of the time has no reasonable foundation

Hallucination
Without object
Absence of an actual external stimulus
MULTO:

Illusion
With object
False interpretation

Dementia Praecox / Schizophrenia

Characterized by disturbed thinking
Melancholia
Deep sadness or gloom
A mental condition marked by persistent depression and ill-founded fears.

Conflict

Approach – Approach
Positive-positive

Approach Avoidance
Marriage /Ofw ( positive and negative)

Avoidance – Avoidance
Both Negative
CHOOSE THE LESSER EVIL

Research

Conclusion
Intended to help the reader understand why your research should matter to them after they have
finished reading paper

Summary
To give the reader an overview of the main points of your thesis

Synthesis
Summarizing and linking different sources in order to review the Literature on a topic.
Parts of the literature reviews that describe briefly the nature of the research problem.

Instrumentation
The tools or means by which investigator attempt to measure variables or items of interest in the
data. ( surveys, interviews)

Descriptive Research
The methods that describe the characteristic of the variables under study

Correlation Research
A non-experimental research method which studies the relationship between two variables with the
help of statistical analysis ( marriage and cancer ) Research Framework
Illustrate the structure of the research plan and helps the researcher formulate relevant questions.

Lupon Tagapamayapa
Composed of Not less than 10 but not more than 20