SMART MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO PREDICT

THE PERFORMANCE OF PV IN ACCORDANCE

WITH WEATHER USING IOT
Ramakrishnann S Guided by: Dr.R.Velraj,
2017189035, Professor,
Institute if Energy Studies, Institute of Energy Studies,
ME Solar Energy Anna university
ABSTRACT

 With technologies being evolved, the things to be done in this world became a lot
more easier.
 Thanks to the internet which took a big part in this growth.
 Embedded systems plays another revolutionary role tied up with internet coined as
IOT(Internet Of Things).
 However the Solar energy is being adaptive to meet out the energy demand all over the
world.
 But when these three things brought together in a single picture the advantageous will
be much more effective.
 Our project is that which works with the help of embedded systems and IOT to
monitor and take necessary actions to Predict the performance of Solar PV Module.
OBJECTIVES

 To Predict the Power Generation of Solar PV array depending on the Change

in Weather in Particular Location.
 Based on the Predictions and Current Data the system will Alert the User
regarding the Power Generation.
 Eg: If large number of clouds is approaching near the location of the Power
Plant the system will alert the user regarding the clouds and reduction In
power generation.
LITERATURE SURVEY

 Solar Energy is one of the most Dependable and Abundant energy in India which helps
in Promoting a Pollutant Free Energy Resourse[1]. On this Dependable Sourcce India
is blessed with an Average Solar Radiation intensity of 200MW/km2[1].
 The study with different modules like MBE, RMSE, MAPE and TS reveals that the
analogy and observations used to Predict the Solar insolation was absolute with MAPE
method[2]
 The average daily Solar Radiation is obtained with the regression coefficients with
some constants a and b[3]. These angstrom units are used to predict the data at
MadhyaPradhesh, Bhopal with a=0.27 and b=0.50[4].
 The average global radiation is calculated with the help of average sunshine hours in
Chennai which is measured as the average of 6.8hr/day/year wheareas the peak
sunshine hours varies above 8 during February, March, April may and the least is
recorded below 5.5hrs with October, November and December[5].
LITERATURE SURVEY(Cont…)

 The angstrom or regression Coeffecients for Chennai are given as a=0.3403 and
b=0.3684 in case of Linear Model which is given as.[6]
  S 
H g  H o  a  b    kWh / m day
2

  Smax  
 The effect of clouds shadow on photovoltaic systems must be carefully taken into
consideration in order to avoid grid instability issues. The effect of Shading will
suddenly reduce the Power Generation of the Grid. Eg.5kW system which
continuously gives 3.5kW reduces suddenly to 1.4kW with the effect of Clouds.[7]
 Wheareas for small House owners to calculate simply with the Cloud Cover Data, they
formulated a simply analogy for places such as Minnesota as
 P = 990 (1-0.75F^3) watts/m^2 where F is the Cloudiness index.[8]
 The Raspberry pi being Helpful in all the online functionality since it is a micro
computer and it helps in getting Weather Data with the online tools[10]. And the PV
measurement online is also an effective way of getting and managing data since it
makes our Works Easier[11].
FACTORS INFLUENCING POWER
GENERATION

 IRRADIANCE
 The more the irradiance the more the OUTPUT.
 More sunlight = More Electricity
 TEMPERATURE
 More the Temperature than ambient Reduction in Power.
 SHADING
 Varies from Season to Season.
 Clouds may be the main Reason in Some Seasons.
 SOILING
 Due to Dust.
 The more the Soiling Effect, The less the Output.
 Other least parameters includes Wind, Humidity, Etc...
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS

 CHENNAI
 Lattitude = 13.0827° N
 Longitude = 80.2707° E
 DECLINATION ANGLE(δ)

284 + 𝑛
𝛿 = 23.45sin 360
365
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS(Cont…)

 Solar Angle for a year

s  cos 1   tan( ) tan( ) 
solar angle(𝜔s)
98.000

96.000

94.000

92.000
Solar Angle(𝜔s)

90.000

88.000

86.000

84.000

82.000

80.000

78.000
64
10
19
28
37
46
55

73
82
91
1

100
109
118
127
136
145
154
163
172
181
190
199
208
217
226
235
244
253
262
271
280
289
298
307
316
325
334
343
352
361
Number of days(n)

solar angle(Ws)
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS(cont...)

 Maximum Sunshine Hours

2 
S o   s 
 15 
Maximum Solar Hours for a year
13.00

12.50

12.00
Hours

11.50

11.00

10.50

10.00
10
19
28
37
46
55
64
73
82
91
1

100
109
118
127
136
145
154
163
172
181
190
199
208
217
226
235
244
253
262
271
280
289
298
307
316
325
334
343
352
361
Number of days(n)

So
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS(cont...)

 Monthly Average Daily Extraterrestrial Solar Radiation

 24* I sc    360* n     * s 
Ho    1  .033cos   sin  sin   cos  cos  sin  s kWh / m 2
day
    365    180 

 Monthly Avaerage Daily Global Radiation

  S 
H g  H o  a  b    kWh / m 2
day
  Smax 
 ‘a’ and ‘b’ are known as Angstrom Constants
 for Chennai a = 0.30, b = 0.44
 
Average daily Global Radiation(kWh/m2day)

0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1
9
17
25
33
41
49
57
65
73
81
89
97
105
113
121
129
137
145
153
161
169
177

Hg
185
193
201
Monthly Avaerage Daily Global Radiation

Number of days(n)
209
217
225
233
241
249
257
265
273
Average daily Global Radiation Vs. Number of days

281
289
297
305
313
321
329
337
345
353
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS(cont...)

361
THEORETICAL ANALYSIS(cont...)

 Cloud Cover Factor(CCF)

  c 
H g  H o  a  b    kWh / m2 day
  C 
𝑐ҧ
 is the Cloudiness Index.
𝐶ҧ

 Based on Weather data the Cloud Cover Factor is Calculated.

 Usually Weather data Will be in Percentage(𝑐)ҧ and the 𝐶ҧ is 100
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Enter Location Data

Get weather Data for Particular

Get Radiation Data
Instance

Continuously Check the Weather for next hour

Is more
clouds Yes
approachi
ng

No

If rain is
No Yes
gonna Alert the User
come
PROPOSED SYSTEM

 The system uses Internet to get the weather data for a particular location and it will
alert the user with the help of GSM to send SMS to the User about the Reduction in
Power Generation.
 It predicts the Percentage of cloud approaching, temperature & relative humidity
changes, will rain approach or not, etc.
 Based on the prediction it will gives us the value of Power Generation.
 If the Power generation Value is keep on reducing it will give us an alert regarding the
system also.
 HARDWARE SETUP
ONLINE TOOL

RADIATION MEASUREMENT GSM MODULE

WEATHER DATA RASPBERRY PI

MOBILE ALERT

COMPARISION OF
THEORETICAL VALUES
METHODOLOGY – PHASE 1
THINGS TO DO Starting Date Estimated date
Project Feasibility 20th July 2018 31st July 2018
Theoretical Calculation 1st August 2018 31st August 2018
Cost Estimation 15th August 2018 31st August 2018
Buying Components(Required) 1st September 2018 15th September 2018

Comparing Radiation 1st September 2018 15th October 2018

Data(theoretical and Practical)

Getting Weather data 15th October 2018 1st November 2018

REFERENCES

1. Solar Energy, Suhatmeh

2. Prediction of monthly mean daily global solar radiation using Artificial Neural
Network, V Sivamadhavi1,∗ and R Samuel Selvaraj2, 1Department of Physics,
Bharathi Women’s College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. 2Department of Physics,
Presidency College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.∗Corresponding author. e-mail:
sivamadhavi03@yahoo.com
3. Monthly-Specific Daily Global Solar Radiation Estimates Based On Sunshine Hours
In Wa, Ghana ,Emmanuel A. Sarsah, Felix A. Uba
4. Estimation and Validation of Solar Radiation Incident on Horizontal and Tilted Surface
at Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India K.N. Shukla, 1 2K. Sudhakar and 3S. Rangnekar
1Electrical &Electronics, Lakshmi Narain College of Technology, Bhopal-462021,
India,2,3Department of Energy, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology
Bhopal-462051, India
5. Estimation of global solar radiation using sunshine duration and temperature in
Chennai, R.Meenal, Asst.Professor/EEE, Dr.A.Immanuel Selvakumar,,Professor/EEE,
Karunya University
REFERENCES
6. Global Solar Radiation Model Chennai, India, S.Ravichandran and J.David Rathnaraj,
department of mechanical Engineering, Coimbatore.
7. Cloud Effect on Power Generation of Grid Connected Small PV Systems Yehya Abdellatif,
Ahmed Alsalaymeh, Iyad Muslih, Ali Alshduifat, World Academy of Science, Engineering
and Technology International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Vol:9, No:9,
2015
8. http://mynasadata.larc.nasa.gov/live-access-server-introduction/
9. The effect of clouds on surface solar irradiance, based on data from an all-sky imaging
system P. Tzoumanikas a, E. Nikitidou a, A.F. Bais b, A. Kazantzidis a, * a Laboratory of
Atmospheric Physics, Physics Department, University of Patras, 26500 Rio, Greece b
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Physics Department, Aristotle University of
Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
10. A Survey of IoT Cloud Platforms. Please cite this article as: Ray PP, A Survey of IoT Cloud
Platforms, Future Computing and Informatics Journal (2017), doi:
10.1016/j.fcij.2017.02.001
11. On-line Monitoring System Based on Open Source Platform for Photovoltaic Array,I.
Andrića,b,c*, A. Pinaa, P. Ferrãoa, J. Fournierb Center for Innovation, Technology and
Policy Research - Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001
THANK YOU
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