C O U R S E : E N G L I S H F O R P R I M A R Y T E AC H E R E D U C AT I O N

L E C T U R E R : Z U R R I AT N Y N D I A R . , M . P D

TEACHING ENGLISH AS A
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEFL
ENGLISH SPEAKER

Extended English as a Foreign Language

Circle

Outer English as a Second Language:

Circle Singapore, Malaysia, The
Phiillipines, India, etc.

Inner Native Speaker of English:

Circle United Kingdom (UK)
United States of America (USA)
Australia, New Zealand
BASIC TERMS

✓ Native language
✓ L-1 / Language 1/ First Language
✓ L-2/ Language 2/ Second Language
✓ FL/ Foreign Language
✓ ESL → English for Second Language
✓ EFL → English for Foreign Language
 ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

The language is not widely spoken beyond the classroom.

Therefore, the challenges are…
• Intrinsic motivation (because the students see no relevance in
studying English).
• Limited English exposure.

HOW TO OVERCOME THESE CHALLENGES?

SOME GUIDELINES

• Use optimal authentic language input and interaction.

• Don’t waste class time on work that can be done as homework.
• Provide regular motivation-stimulating activity.
• Help students to see genuine uses for English in their own lives.
• Provide plenty of extra-class learning opportunities:
Assignment on English movie, listening to English recording,
reading English magazine, Writing journal in English, etc.
• Form a language club and schedule regular activity.
METHODS USED IN LANGUAGE LEARNING
1. GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD (GTM)
GTM emphasizes on knowledge about language, not to master the language.
• Teaching by using mother tongue.
• Vocabulary is taught in isolated word.
• Focusing on rules of grammar.
2. DIRECT METHOD
As to oppose GTM,
• Teaching by using target language.
• Only daily-used vocabulary is taught
• Grammar is taught inductively (through demonstration, association of ideas,
etc.)
3. AUDIOLINGUAL METHOD
• Limited use of mother tongue.
• Using Contrastive Analysis
• Vocabulary is only learned in context, emphasized on spoken skill
• Great effort to make students produce error-free utterances.

4. Other methods (presented in figure)

4. COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING
• Teaching all language components (grammatical, discourse, functional,
sociolinguistics, and strategic components).
• Designed to engage in pragmatic, authentic, and functional use for
meaningful purpose.
• Balance between fluency and accuracy (corrective feedback to students’
error).
• Focus on real-world context.
• Autonomy learning by letting the students analyze their learning style and
strategies.
• Teacher is a facilitator and students as active participants.

5. POST-METHOD ERA (Combining all methods)