Subject: Science

Grade Level: Grade 10

Objective:

1. Identify the different optical instruments;

2. Explain how these optical instruments work; and

3. Explain how the human eye operates.

Learning across curriculum:

1) Mathematics - Understanding the principles of reflection and refraction in optics

involves mathematical calculations and measurements.

2) Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) - Learning about optical instruments

can be connected to the skills needed in the field of electronics and communication
technology.

3) Physical Education - Understanding how the human eye operates can be linked to
the importance of eye health and visual perception in sports and physical activities.

ELICIT:

Teaching Strategy: Brainstorming

Instructional Materials: Chart paper, markers

Anecdote 1: Share a personal experience of using a pair of binoculars to observe

birds in a park.

Anecdote 2: Share a cultural anecdote about the use of traditional optical

instruments like the "salakot" (a wide-brimmed hat) with a built-in visor to shield the
eyes from the sun.
ENGAGE:

Teaching Strategy: Interactive Quizzes

Instructional Materials: Quiz questions, response cards

1) Idea: Conduct a quiz using multiple-choice questions about optical instruments

and the human eye. Students can use response cards to indicate their answers.

2) Idea: Divide the class into small groups and provide each group with a mystery
box containing different optical instruments. Students can take turns guessing the
name and function of each instrument.

EXPLORE:

Activity 1: Exploring Optical Instruments

Teaching Strategy: Inquiry-Based Learning

Materials: Various optical instruments (e.g., microscope, telescope, magnifying

glass)

Significance: This activity allows students to examine and explore different optical
instruments, enabling them to identify their unique features and purposes.

Instructions:

1) Divide the class into small groups and provide each group with a set of optical
instruments.

2) Instruct the students to examine each instrument, make observations, and discuss
their findings within their groups.

3) Each group will present their findings to the class, identifying the instrument,
explaining its purpose, and describing how it works.

Rubric - Criteria: Accuracy of identification (5 pts), clarity of explanation (5 pts),

understanding of how it works (5 pts)
Assessment Questions:

1) What is the purpose of a microscope? How does it work?

2) Identify the optical instrument used for stargazing. Explain its function and how it
works.

3) How does a magnifying glass enhance the size of an object?

Activity 2: How the Human Eye Operates

Teaching Strategy: Visual Aids

Materials: Diagrams of the human eye, colored pencils

Significance: This activity helps students understand the structure and functions of
the human eye, including how it processes visual information.

Instructions:

1) Provide each student with a diagram of the human eye and colored pencils.

2) Instruct the students to label the different parts of the eye and color-code them
according to their functions.

3) Facilitate a class discussion, highlighting the functions of each part and how they
work together to enable vision.

Rubric - Criteria: Accuracy of labeling (5 pts), clarity of color-coding (5 pts),

understanding of functions (5 pts)

Assessment Questions:

1) What is the function of the cornea in the human eye?

2) Explain how the lens of the eye changes shape to focus on objects at different
distances.

3) How does the retina convert light into electrical signals?

EXPLAIN:
Teaching Strategy: Lecture and Discussion

1) Explain the principles of reflection and refraction in optics, using examples and
diagrams to illustrate the concepts. Encourage students to ask questions and
participate in discussions.

2) Discuss the structure and functions of the human eye, emphasizing the role of
different parts such as the cornea, lens, retina, and optic nerve. Use visual aids and
interactive activities to enhance understanding.

ELABORATE:

Teaching Strategy: Cooperative Learning

Task 1: Design Your Optical Instrument

Materials: Art supplies (paper, markers, cardboard, glue, etc.)

Task: In small groups, students will design and create their own optical instrument
using the available art supplies. They should consider the purpose, features, and
working principles their instrument. Each group will present their creation to the
class, explaining its functions and how it operates.

Task 2: Eye Health Awareness Campaign

Materials: Poster-making materials, research materials

Task: Individually or in pairs, students will create a poster that promotes eye health
awareness. They should include information about the importance of taking care of
the eyes, common eye problems, and preventive measures. The posters can be
displayed in the classroom or school to raise awareness among their peers.

EVALUATE:

Teaching Strategy: Inquiry-Based Learning

Instructional Materials: Assessment questions, response sheets

Question 1: Explain the difference between reflection and refraction. Provide

examples of each.

Question 2: Describe the function of the iris in the human eye. How does it regulate
the amount of light entering the eye?

Question 3: How does a compound microscope work? Briefly explain its

magnification capabilities and applications.

EXTEND:

Teaching Strategy: Project-Based Learning

Instructional Materials: Research materials, multimedia tools

1) Task: Students will research and create a multimedia presentation about the
advancements in optical instruments throughout history. They should highlight the
impact of these instruments on various fields such as medicine, astronomy, and
telecommunications.

2) Task: Students will investigate the role of optical illusions in visual perception.
They will design and conduct experiments to demonstrate how optical illusions can
trick the human eye and brain.

Assignment:

Assignment 1: Written Reflection

Guiding Overview: Write a reflection on what you have learned about optical
instruments and the human eye. Discuss the importance of understanding these
concepts in everyday life and potential career paths related to optics.

Assessment Question: In what ways can knowledge of optical instruments and the
human eye be applied in different professions or industries?
Assignment 2: Practical Application

Guiding Overview: Find an object or phenomenon in your environment that involves

the use of optical instruments or the functioning of the human eye. Describe and
explain how these concepts are relevant to the object or phenomenon.

Assessment Question: Choose an optical instrument that you encounter in your

daily life. Explain its purpose and how it enhances human vision or perception.