INTRO TO MICROSCOPY

( The Microscope)
By: Edison Cabildo Damaso
Biology
MICROSCOPES
 MICROSCOPE
• Tool that is used to see tiny objects and
single-celled organisms or objects that are
too small to be seen by the naked eye.
• The microscope makes these small objects
bigger.
 MICROSCOPE
 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek -
A Dutch scientist who
invented the first
microscope
 MICROSCOPE
Magnification Resolution
Its has the ability to make the Has the capacity to distinguish
specimen bigger small gaps between two
separate points which humans
cannot distinguish

A B

Before After
Magnification Magnification Low High
Resolution Resolution
 Two types of microscopes

1. Light microscope 2. Electron microscope

 Uses a beam of light to
produce an image.
 It makes use of two lenses:
an ocular lens that usually
has a magnification of
10times.
 Uses a beam of electrons to
produce an image. It can
magnify a specimen up to
250 000 times its actual
size.
 Compound microscope
 An optical microscope that uses visible light to
form an image.
 It uses glass lenses to magnify and resolve
images.
 Microscope: The Three major parts
• Mechanical parts - Used to support and
adjust the parts
• Magnifying parts -Used to enlarge the
specimen
• Illuminating parts- Used to provide light
Parts of the compound microscope
 Mechanical Parts
• Draw tube- holds the ocular lens
• Body tube- connects the ocular lens to the revolving
nosepiece
• Coarse adjustment knob- moves either the body tube or
the stage upward or downward in great increments to
obtain an initial focus the specimen; should only be
used with the scanner or low power objective
• Fine adjustment knob- moves either the body tube or
the stage upward or downward in less increments to
sharply focus the specimen; preferably used with high
power objective or oil immersion objective.
 Mechanical Parts
• Arm- support the body and is used to carry the
microscope
• Revolving nosepiece-holds the objectives lenses
• Stage- a platform where the specimen slide is placed; has
a hole in the center to allow light to pass through the
specimen
• Stage clips- firmly hold the specimen slide on the stage
• Base- supports the entire microscope
• Pillar- located above the base that supports the other
parts of the microscope
• Inclination joint- attaches the arm to the pillar; used for
tilting the microscope
 Magnifying Parts
Objective lens - initially the specimen; a copound microscope
usually has four objective lenses, each with different
magnifying power.
• • Scanner – 4×
• • Low power objective (LPO) – 10×
• • High power objective (HPO)– 40×
• • Oil immersion objective (OIO) -100×
Ocular lens or eyepiece - a detachable cylinder located on the
top of the draw tube that is used to view the specimens;
further magnifies the specimen up to 10 times
 Illuminating Parts
• Iris diaphragm- regulates the amount of light
passing through the specimen
• Condenser – Concentrates light onto the specimen;
with knobs to adjust its position
• Mirror- collects light onto the specimen, then
reflects the image to the eyes.
• Light source- used instead of the mirror in some
microscopes; usually a small electric lamp beneath
the stage that is controlled by a push-button switch
 My Part, My Function
Directions: Label the parts of the microscope
and give its corresponding functions. Start at
part A down to part M. Write your answers in
the table provided.
 A. Eyepiece the top part where you look through

B. Coarse adjustment knob connects the

H. Body
eyepiece to the
used for moving the body tube
objective lenses
tube up and down
carries the I. Revolving
C. Fine adjustment knob objective lenses nosepiece
used for focusing finer details
regulates the
J. Diaphragm
D. Objectives amount of light
magnify the images
reflects light K. Mirror
E. Stage clips hold the slides
used for support;
L. Base
F. Stage where slides are placed houses the mirror

G. Inclination joint tilt the microscope supports the body M. Arm

 Let’s PLAY:
This time, let us play a game entitled “Fact or
Bluff”. I will give you sets of statements and
you’re going to analyze it whether it is true or
not. If it is true, raise the color paper blue with
the word “fact‟ and color paper red with the
word “bluff‟ if it is not. Is that clear?
1. Electron microscope uses a beam of electrons to
produce an image. It can magnify a specimen up to
10 times its actual size.
Bluff (Red)-250, 000 times

2. The three major parts of a compound microscope:

mechanical, magnifying and illuminating parts.
Fact (Blue)
3. Electron microscope is the most common type
used in schools and laboratories. This microscope
uses a beam of light to produce an image
Bluff (Red)-Light microscope
4. Resolution is described as how much larger an
object appears when viewed.
Bluff (Red)-Magnifications

5. It is the capacity of microscope to distinguish

small gaps between two separate points which
human cannot distinguish, and it can be seen the
final details of an object is called Resolution.
Fact (Blue)
Thank You Class!!!
God bless us all