A DETAILED LESSON PLAN

IN

SCIENCE GRADE 10

I. OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

A. differentiates between convex and concave refraction;

B. describe the position and characteristics of the images formed by lenses; and

C. explain the effect of converging and diverging lenses on a beam of parallel rays.

II. SUBJECT MATTER

A. Topic: Image Formation by Lenses

B. References: Internet, My Distance Learning Buddy Science-10 (pp. 237-243)

C. Materials: PowerPoint presentation, Pictures

D. Values Integrated: Appreciate the importance of lenses that help to create images.

III. PROCEDURE

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

A. Daily Routine
 Opening Prayer
 Greetings
 Checking of Attendance

B. Motivation
(Picture Analysis)

Let’s imagine our classroom a big Android phone.

And try to analyze, and then tell me something Okay Ma’am.
about it.
 (Student’s answer may vary)

What does the picture show?

C. Presentation
From the picture, Could you think of a topic where
these words associated with?
It associated by the refraction of lenses
Ma’am.
It is the Convex and Concave Refraction

Then, what do you think is the focus of our topic?

Yes, Very Good!

Today class, we are going to discuss about Image
Formation by Lenses
A piece of transparent glass which
concentrates or disperses light rays when
D. Lesson Proper passes through them by refraction.
So, I have a questions class, what comes into your
mind when you hear or when you encounter the
word Lens/Lenses?

Very Good!
Lenses are curved pieces of glass or any transparent
material.

How do lenses work?

Lenses work by Refraction the bending of light as
it passes from one transparent substance into
another.

There are 2 common types of Lenses:

1. Convex Lens
 It is thicker in the center than the edges
 It forms real images and virtual images and
virtual images depending on the position of
the object.
2. Concave Lens
 It is thicker at the edges and thinner in the
center.
 It forms upright, reduced image, and virtual
image.
In addition, a Convex Lens is also called a
converging lens because it makes parallel light rays
passing through it bend inward and converge at a
spot just beyond the lens known as the focal point
(F). A Concave Lens is sometimes called diverging
lens because it makes parallel light rays curve
outward or diverge.

To understand Image Formation by lenses, you

must first learn the terms associated with this
Figure.

 A lens has two focal points- a principal

focus F and a secondary focus F.
 The principal axis P of a lens is an
imaginary line passing through the optical
 center O of the lens.
 The secondary S passes through O. the
distance F and O is the focal length f.
 The focus is usually near or at the center of
curvature, depending on the refractive index
of the glass of which the lens is made.

To describe the image formed by lenses, we can use

the graphical method through Ray Diagramming.
Just like in mirrors, the image formed by a lens can
be located by drawing any two of the following
three rays.

1. Ray 1 is an incident ray parallel to the principal

axis and is reflected through the principal focus F.
2. Ray 2 is an incident ray along the secondary axis
and directly passes through the optical center O.
This ray is not refracted.
3. Ray 3 is an incident ray that passes through the
Secondary Focus F¹ and is refracted parallel to the
principal axis.
The point of intersection A¹ of the three rays
represents the image of point A of the object.

Image Formation by Convex Lenses

Using the ray diagramming method, using any two
of the three rays defined in the discussion. There
are 6 cases that characterize the imaged formed by
the convex lens using the following descriptions.
Location- with respect to 2F¹, F¹, O, F and (or) 2F
Orientation- upright or inverted
Size- smaller than, larger than or same size as the
object.
Type- real or virtual

CASE 1: Object at an infinite distance

When the object is at an infinite distance and from
which parallel light rays originate and pass through
a convex lens, the image is a point at the principal
focus.

CASE 2: Object located beyond twice the focal

length (2F¹)

The three rays from point A intersect at point A¹.

This represents the image of point A. the image of
the point B in the tail lies on the principal axis,
which is point B¹. thus, the image formed is smaller,
inverted, real, and located between F and 2F.

CASE 3: Object located at twice the Focal length

(2F¹)

When an object is located at 2F¹ of a convex lens,

the image formed is of the same size as the object,
inverted, real and located at 2F.

CASE 4: Object located between twice the focal

length (2F¹) and the focus F¹
When an object is located between 2F¹ and F¹ of a
convex lens, the image formed is inverted, real,
larger. And located beyond 2F.

CASE 5: Object located at the Focus F¹

For an object located at F¹ of a convex lens, the

refracted rays are parallel. Thus, no image is
formed.

CASE 6: Object located between the Focus F¹ and

O

The Image of an object located between F¹ and O of

a convex lens is larger, upright, virtual, and located
between 2F¹ and F¹.

(Student’s do the activity)

Image Formation by Concave Lenses

For any position of an object in front of a concave

lens, the image formed by the lens is always smaller
 Lenses are transparent piece of glass or
than the object, upright and virtual. plastic with at least one curved surface.

A lenses work by Refraction.

Convex (Converging) lens and Concave

(Diverging) lens

Convex Lens

E. Application
Okay class! For your activity for today,
 Give real life examples of Concave and
Convex lenses and explain why?
After that, read your output in the class.

F. Generalization
Let’s have a review about our lesson today.

What are Lens/ Lenses?

Very Good!
So, how do lenses work?

Then, what are the two types of Lenses?

So, what type of Lens when it forms images and

virtual images depending on the position of the
object?

Excellent Class!

Thank you for listening and for your participation.

IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Identify what is being asked in the following sentences.

_______________ 1. It is a piece of glass or other transparent substances that is used to form an

image of an object by focusing rays of light from the object.

_______________ 2. A type of lens that is also called a Converging Lens.

_______________ 3. It is a bending of light rays due to a change in speed as the rays pass
through a substance.

_______________ 4. What type of lens is a Magnifying glass?

_______________ 5. A type of lens that is sometimes called Diverging Lens.

_______________ 6. It forms real images and virtual images depending on the position of the
object.

_______________ 7. A Convex Lens will make an image appear___________ if the object is

placed between the focal point and the lens.

_______________ 8. It is thicker at the edges and thinner in the center and it forms upright,
reduced image, and virtual image.

_______________ 9. What type of image is formed when rays of light actually intersect?

_______________ 10. Is a concave lens thicker or thinner in the middle?

ANSWER KEY:

1. Lens/Lenses 6. Convex Lens

2. Convex Lens 7. Larger & right side up

3. Refraction 8. Concave Lens

4. Convex 9. Real image

5. Concave Lens 10. Thinner

V. ASSIGNMENT
 Advanced reading and study the Applications of Mirrors and Lenses in Optical
Instruments.

Prepared by:

ANTONETTE L. QUILANG

Student Teacher