𝑵𝟏 + 𝑵𝟐

Center Distance ; 𝒄 = 𝒓𝟏 + 𝒓𝟐 =
𝟐𝑷

Where: c = Center Distance

N = number of teeth
P = diametral pitch

Denoting the pitch radii by r1 and r2 and the angular velocities as ω1 and ω2 the pitch line velocity is
then.

V = 𝐫𝟏𝛚𝟏 = 𝒓𝟐𝛚𝟐

Speed ratio:
𝛚𝟐 𝒏𝟐 𝑵𝟏 𝒅𝟏
𝒓𝒔 = = = = where: 𝑟𝑠 = speed velocity ratio
𝛚𝟏 𝒏𝟏 𝑵𝟐 𝒅𝟐
ω = angular velocity
n= speed in rpm
d = pitch circle diameter
• Pitch Circle - is an imaginary circle used to define the size and position of gear teeth.
• Addendum – is the radial distance between the top land and the pitch circles.
• Dedendum – is the radial distance from the bottom land to the pitch circle.
• Face Width – the tooth measured along the axis of the gear.
• Clearance Circle – a circle tangent to the addendum circle of the mating gear.
• Clearance – the amount by which the dedendum in a given gear exceeds the addendum of the
mating gear.
• Center Distance – the distance between the centers of the two gears in mesh.
• Face – the face of a gear tooth is the surface of the tooth that is perpendicular to the gear’s axis
of rotation. It is the part of the tooth that makes contact with the gear mating.
• Flank – is the surface that extends from the tip of the tooth to the root (base). It is the sloping or
curved surface of the tooth.
• Tooth Thickness - it is the width of an individual gear tooth measured along the circumference of
the pitch circle.
• Top Land - The surface of the top of the tooth.
• Bottom Land - The surface of the bottom of the tooth space.
• Width of Space - it is the space between adjacent gear teeth along the circumference of the
pitch circle.
• Fillet Radius-The radius of the rounded portion at the base of the gear tooth, connecting the
tooth profile to the root of the gear tooth.
• Addendum circle - The circle that bounds the outer end of the teeth. It is also called se the
outside gears.
 𝑵
Diametral pitch ; 𝑷 = 𝒅
Where: P = Diametral Pitch
N = number of teeth
d = pitch diameter
𝝅𝒅
Circular pitch ; 𝒑= 𝑵
= 𝝅𝒎 p = circular pitch
m = module
𝒅
Module ; 𝒎= 𝑵

• Base Diameter – the diameter of the base circle.

• Pitch diameter – the number of teeth in the gear per inch of the pitch diameter.
• Working Depth – is the difference between the whole depth and clearance.
• Whole depth - is the sum of the addendum and dedendum.
• Outside diameter – the maximum diameter of the gear, including teeth.
• Diametral Pitch – the ratio of the number of teeth on the gear to the pitch diameter.
• Root diameter – the diameter of the circle around the bottom (root) of the gear tooth spaces.
• Tip of the Mating Tooth - It is the point at which he outermost part of 1 gear tooth comes into
contact with the outermost part of the corresponding tooth of the mating gear.

• Pinion – is the smaller of the two mating gears: driving element.

• Gear - The larger one of the mating gears.
• Base Circle - A circle tangent to the line of action.
• Pressure Angle - It is the angle between the line centers and a line perpendicular to the line of
action and going through center of the gear/pinion.
• Line of Action - It represents the direction in which the resultant force acts between the
resultant force acts between the gears.
• Circular Tooth Thickness - The width of a gear tooth measured along the circumference of the
pitch circle.
• Tooth Profile - The shape and contour of an individual gear tooth.
• Root (Tooth) Fillet - The curved or rounded section at the base of the gear.
• Pitch Point - It is a fixed point on the line center.
• Chordal Tooth Thickness - The width of a gear tooth measured along a straight line between the
points where the pitch circle intersects the tooth profile.
• Center Distance - The distance between the centers of the pinion and gears.
• Base Diameter - The diameter of the base circle.
When the base circle is tangent to the pressure line, the radius is then.
𝒓𝒃 = 𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒔∅ Where: r = pitch circle radius
The base pitch Pb is the distance measured a=on the base circle between corresponding adjacent teeth.
Pb = 𝒑𝒄𝒐𝒔∅
The addendum, dedendum and hence clearance “f” available, some other gear dimension can readily be
found.
Outside radius: ro = r + a
Root radius: rr = r – bd
Total depth: hb = a + bd
Working depth: hw = ht