are used as a means of criticism. This is clear for everybody.

Anyway, I don't know if I havethe right to

say this, or if I should say this, I don't know. I hope I have the right to saythis.Of course, you know, MP
study is different from...Most of the loans will be on the student. At the same time, you will get
benefits.second measure.Criticism, criticism. Yeah, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the
very, thevery, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, thevery, the
very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, thevery, the very, the very, the
very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, thevery, the very, the very, the very, the very, the
very, the very, the very, the very, thevery, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the
very, the very, thevery, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very,
thevery, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, the very, thevery, the very,
theSo, thank you.Yeah.and we will have a lecture on the subject of literary criticism. And when we say
criticism,it means it is related to literature. So first of all, we have to know what's literature.Before that, I
just want to know how many of you studied literary criticism in your BA study?Just you. So,In 2005.2001
to 2005.Very good. Zangpo Salah. Thank you. Zangpo Salah.So what about the literary texts? What
literary texts do you read? For example, novels, drama,poetry. Which one do you read the most? Drama,
poetry, drama, poetry, novel, short story,criticism. Which one do you read the most? What about you?
Others?I mean, for example, for instance, in second year, third year, fourth year. No.They study, for
example, drama in all three stages. I mean, second, third, fourth, novel,poetry, and so on. I am atham,
khamif, and wabi. Yes, that's good. That's good, like a wabi,that's good. So it means that now you have a
kind of background about literature, right?Yes. This is what Mike can say. I want...Okay. Okay, this is
what I mean. As a subject. Yeah, as a subject, as a course. However, Kawata,now, we have to know, if
we do not know what's meaning of literature, it will be very difficultto understand criticism. Why? Because
literary criticism is related to what? To literature.Basha. When we hear the word literature, and even in
Kurdish or in Arabic, Adam. we understandif they give us a piece of literary work as well as a piece of
scientific work. So it isvery easy for us to distinguish the literary one from the scientific one. So we
immediatelysay, this is scientific and this is literary one, right? But if I tell you what's literature,it's very
difficult to answer. It's very difficult to answer because we have lots of ideas, lotsof point of views and lots
of definition. It is different from one age to another, fromone critic or from one person to another, from one
writer to another. It is very difficultto understand or to have a clear definition of literature.If it is difficult to
judge, to give a precise definition, so how can we define it? This isthe problem. Kawata here, literary
criticism is really difficult. So literary criticismwill identify and will define. literature for us but at the same
time when we talk aboutthe theory of the theory of the theory theories we do not wantWe do not say only
one approach. We have lots of approaches, we have lots of theories, eachaccording to some certain
schools or some certain people. So it is very important. Kawata, ifI want to define literature, we have
different types of definitions. If I want to define literarycriticism at the same time, we have different
definitions. So this is what we do. We tryto study literature in the point of view of each school of criticism,
each critic. We havecritics. We have criticism. Kawata, when we come to define criticism, criticism could
bedefined as what? a branch of knowledge, a branch of knowledge.A branch of knowledge to what? In
order to... It's a branch of knowledge to... To what? Analyze.To have a systematic analyze.
Systematic.Systematic analysis. So you have analysis. Bash, what's the difference between to say, to
analyzeor to systematically analyze? What's the difference between these two expressions? Yes. When
yousay systematically analyze, it means there is a set of rules.Okay, there should be some rules
according to which the literary work will be judged. Kawata,this is systematic. When we say analyze, it
could be analysis by everybody, by anybody,by my own point of view. It might be subjective, but when we
say systematic, it means to beobjective. Also we can say to reuse the theories. The theories, yes. Rules.
When we say ruleswe mean theories. As a lens. As a lens of focus on the literary text. That's true.
Kawata,it's a systematic study of what? Of a literary work, right? Kawata, to what?piece of literature.
What's the meaning of to evaluate? To point out the good and bad points.weak points, the strong points,
Kawata. When we say criticism, it does not mean to attack,right? Because most of the people, when we
talk about criticism, they believe that it's a kindof fact. But generally speaking, it is not an attack. It's a kind
of study to print out,to identify the weak points as well as the strong point. Bash, what's the use of it?

1
What's theuse of it? To appreciate the text. First, to appreciate the text of the literary work, right?To
understand. To understand, because when we analyze any piece of literature, we will havea better
understanding of the literary text. Okay, to what? What else? To improve our knowledge.To improve the
quality of the work. For example. When we say this piece of literature, thisis the big point and this is the
strong point. So for next time when I write anything, whatI try to do, I try to improve. I focus on the what?
On the negative point so that I can changeit so that I can what? I can improve. Kawata, literary criticism is
very important. In literature,we have two important power.And these two are very important, they are very
essential to have a masterpiece. Do you knowwhat a masterpiece is? Shaka. I can remember if I want to
write a piece of literature tobe a kind of masterpiece. These two are very important. Creative power.
Vanya? Creativepower, from my side. And what else? Critical power.Most of the philosophers believe
masterpiece will not be produced until these two are available.If these two are not available, the
masterpiece will not be available. The creative power,which means the poets, have an incritisism when
we say poet, we do not mean the person whowrites verses only. We mean the author. Author. I'm just
saying the author, Yaqut Ramayya,poetry, novel, and... in any literary way, kawata. So in order to
produce any masterpiece, accordingto most of the philosophers, these two important points are essential
to be available. And oneof them is creative power, and then critical power. to have the ability to evaluate,
toanalyze. Kawata, generally speaking, when we say, when we talk about a criticism, this is,it's a kind of
process, right? It's a kind of assessment. Assessment, that is an evaluation.To evaluate, then to identify
weak and strong points.This is generally speaking, this is the importance and this is how criticism works.
It's a kindof process to assess, evaluate and judge.It's a kind of assessment, it's a process. I'm a
prosecutor. When we say assess, it meansto what? It means to collect data. It is to collect data. I have to
tell assessment, right?Collect information, data about some certain thing. This is the assessment. And
then whatwe try to do, according to some certain rule, we evaluate. So we identify the weak pointsand the
strong points, so it is a kind of judgment. This is the process of criticism generally.Is it clear? Yes.What's
the importance of this? That's true. To understand, to choose a better thing, andalso to evaluate. These
are true. They are all true. But what's the important? What's themost important thing? I think keeping the
values of the community, because if the right is creative,so the critic should control that thought for the
benefit of that community. Okay, that'sgood. This is an important point.to know. Let me ask you another.Is
literature important for our life? And if it is important, let me tell you why and notif not tell me why. Yes, I
think it's important because it enlarges our comprehension. Sometimesit's... It's closing the mind. Yes.
Okay. The more you know, the more your mind will be broad.And it enhances... our understanding of the
world. For example, we know of the world. Whatdo you mean to understand the world? World view. For
example, we know English life. What's theuse of it? For example, we are here and we know about the
history, the culture, the norms ofEnglish people through literature. So literature sometimes is seen as a
matter of life. Whatdo you do with it? What is important for you? What do you want to reach? Yes. Doctor,
I havesomething in mind. We have here in Kurdistan, in Islamic world, something which we are
alwaysreturning to, which is religion. But there, religion somehow changes, so they depend sometimeson
scholars, philosophers, literatures to direct them, to get listen from them. So it is sometimesinformative.
Why? Because they have no... Why do you want information? Because you need humanbeings. What's
the need of it? Human beings are in need of information. Okay, right. Tolighten their way of life. Okay,
thanks a lot. Yes. As Plato says, our brain is needed asour body exercises. What do we bond with in this
question? Let me ask you the questionin this way. Thank you.I'm just gonna put this...They are very
important because they will stimulate us to think about some important points. Lateron we will talk about
it. Maybe each person has some type of emotional issues or a kindof mental health issue. Before talking
about those things, there is something which is veryimportant in life. What is that? The meaning of life, the
purpose of life. Okay, you need,again, you need to go to the point, the precise point. What you say, they
are all true, butthere is something that is the most important thing in our world. What's the most
importantthing? Maturity. Achina maturity, okay, these are ways. Improvement, these are tools. Thisis a
tool, this is a tool. Value. What? Value is a tool as well. Happiness. Worship. Gettinga standard
community. Giving peace. Sorry, we want to leave. A security.something that we are all seeking for. We
are all and our life. Everyone.Thank you.Why we are angry? We do not have a good system. To satisfy

2
our needs. What do you mean by satisfy?It is different from one person to another. The basic. Freedom.
About equality.Basic needs.Just everything in the mind. Hachip, se haciciteke, are all the philosophies.
They are all talkingabout what?Literally, that's true. We want to have a better life. We try to improve the
quality of ourlife. We try to have some important things in our life. These are all true, but these willnot be
achieved without justice. Come on. Justice, how can we achieve justice? We have to knowthat. What we
try to do, we are talking about the reality.Right? Somebody is killed by who? We have two people. One of
them is the criminal, the otherone is the... But there are some certain circumstances, there are some
certain situations against theinnocent one. So the innocent one will be what?If I don't know the reality, I
cannot get justice. So this is the idea. We have to know aboutjustice. Criticism analyzes any piece of
literature in order to evaluate in a correct way. So whydon't we say we have different schools,I'm a
Marxist person. For example, for me... There is a kind of what? There is, in the societywe have class
distinction and we have a struggle in the society, right? So I always supportthe laborers, right? Well, I'm
higher, major always the laborer to be on the right track.No. I am always against the capitalized. I'm a
man made more taxier. How is that socialistor macho disorder, the way I'm going to explain it? There are
so many important points to beapplied on any piece of literature. In Kawata, this lens will look at a piece
of literature.Basha looks for what? Looks for the characters. Who is the bourgeois, who is the laborer.
Soalways tries to analyze the work, the behavior of the laborer in a positive way. Even if theyact in a
different way or in a bad way, but they always try to justify why? the Marxistprinciple of criticism based on
such kind of ideas to support the laborers. This is numberone. When a Marxist critic analyzes any piece of
literature written by an Islamic person,for example, so how does he judge? of the religion is a kind of
truck.We have different types of schools in criticism. We have different types. We have differentschools of
criticism. Each defines literature in a different way. For instance, later onin the study, psychoanalysis.
Bashwa. How does psychoanalysis look at a text? Psychoanalysis,Freud, for example, looks at a piece of
literature as the dream, as the dream of the author.For example, have you studied Waiting for Godot?
Yes. And Waiting for Godot is written by SamuelBecklett. By Samuel Becklett. And Waiting for Godot, for
instance,We have two persons. We have Lestragon and Vladimir. At the beginning of the play, they meet.
Theymeet in a place. The place represents somewhere in a countryside. There is a tree without
leavesand we have a road. So when the play starts, when the play opens, they discuss about
differentissues. So nothing to be done, nothing to be done. And why did you spend the night?
Vladimirasks Estragon, he tells him, he asks him, where did you spend the night? He answers and says,in
a ditch, in a ditch, in a ditch, the child. Alay, did they beat you? Beat you, of coursethey beat me. Alay and
I, we are human. The Serenaroy, that's his name. We do not understandwhat does it mean.For example,
psychoanalysis. We find that psychoanalysis studies the mind of the other, the minds ofthe characters, as
well as the mind of the reader. And so forth.When we studied the author, we find that during the Nazi's
occupation of France, Katerka Nazikan,for instance, a Nigerian, he lives in Paris, Russia, so he has to
flee Iraq with his beloved.So in order not to be caught by...So he has to take and he has to walk. even in
the ditches in everywhere. At night, thereare many other people. They have fled from Paris and other
places. So they all have to sleepin the ditches. Kawata, they're all defined among the people for the ditch.
Kawata, wheredid you spend the night at the ditch? Kawata, my experience, the author himself,
Shosakuand the Masaiki Amawa. Kawata, oh. really what is the product of the mind, the psyche of
theauthor. Kawata, psychoanalysis, when psychoanalysis defines any piece of literature, it definesit as a
kind of the dream of the author. I have said it, I'm a psychoanalysis. And in feminism,for example, they
have a different point of view. They look at the work. They have to,as a critic or as to analyze any piece of
literature according to feminism, what we try to do, wehave to focus on the female characters within the
text and we have to find whether this femalecharacter is a good one or a bad one. A bad one, they are all
matter. Or the regressionsshould be the same. It's very. Yes. When. about women in a good way, so it's a
good way. Buthow each school has a different point of view. Is it clear? Why later on we talk about
allthose important issues? Before going into the detail, I'd just like to talk about Plato andhis point of view
related to literature. later. You remember we talked about reality, right?We just looked at, we talked about
the reality.Plato, this is very important. If you look at Plato, just have a look at. It means poetry,right? Yes,
why? It says poetry, Yes, why? Corrupt society. Yeah, corrupt people. Why? Becauseit teaches them

3
about fictional things that they do not exist. Have you heard about thecave? What we tried to say, we
talked about the reality. If we do not know the reality,it will be very difficult to achieve justice.The creator
says that. Just imagine, come on, there is an allegory of the case.There is the allegory of the cave.
Allegory, you know? Yes.Just imagine. We have a cave. Inside the cave, we have a group of people,
prisoners. Theyhave been killed. Yes, they have been here since long ago, since their childhood. Their
neckshave been chained together in such a way nobody can look around. They just, their faces
aretowards the back wall of the cave. So they see, they know what they see here. There is a pathbehind
them. If you want the path, there is a high place, and then there is a fire burning.So these are all in the
cave. Kawata, we have a fire in the high place. Below the fire, thereis a path people are coming and
going, and there is an obstacle here. And then beyond that,we have the prisoners. Kawata, because of
the fire,Say you get people will come and go, they have objects. For example, we have a cat, right?I don't
know, is it a cat? Or a goat. A cat, an animal. Marsha, the fire is burning. Thelights of the fire will. Well,
what will strike the object and the shadow of the object willbe reflected on the back wall of the gate. So for
these people here, what do they believe?This is the reality. This is the shadow. This is the reality for
them. So for many, manyyears, so whatever they see here, they take these as realities.So what does he
do? Of course, he... He's in the family of Chan Sa La Mania. This is notthe reality. Oh my God, Chan Sa
La, we have been mistaken. So this is not the reality.This is not the reality. The reality is here. How I tell
you? The shadow. Basha, this isthe shadow of the reality. Basha, I'm cabaret. I'm a political believes that
this person andpolitical leader should be just like this person should know the reality. Have they? So
thepoliticians should rely on the released prisoner to know everything about the reality. So theytake this
as reality. I get the Havakani, but the Erdi tells the Hispani, this is not thereality. Reality is here. It's very
difficult to believe.Where is the reality? The man reality. The real animal runs in front of him. This is the
reality.It's not here. If you don't know the reality, don't you think that? Do you think that withoutreality you
can't know? You can achieve the justice. You can't say any more, right? No.This is the idea. Reality is
very important and it is essential in order to achieve justice.Without reality, we cannot. But literature here,
according to Plato, literature is life-like.So fire, the shadow of the... This. It is the fire. It is the imitation. Am
I near? I'm imitatingtwice. Twice imitated. Twice duja. Because this is the imitation of this one. Hey, Amir!
Thisis the imitation of the reality. Karatah, this is twice removed. Pasha, the second hand. It'sa copy of the
copy. It's a copy of copy. Let me give you an example. According to him, hetalks about the check. He
talks about the check. The term is the idea of the chair. The ideaof the chair is the idea.Reality come
in.ideas. This is the reality. For example, the idea of the chair, according to Plato, theidea of the chair is
available in the world of the forms, the world of reality, ideas.The carpenter in order to make something to
be useful for sitting on. So it makes use ofthe idea of the chair. It's a chair. I can't go over all the way.
Don't let the bed getloose. I can't be the same. Do I?This means, for example, according to Plato, the
idea of the chair was available in theworld of the forms and ideas. Now the carpenter imitates the reality.
Kawata bohoi derivedfrom reality. Kawata chikr. Kawata bohoi lakhoi chikr. Kawata lakhoi lakhoi. Toz dur
kawto.Yes. Went from. Yes. Probably. From reality. Kawata imitated. Kawata bohoi ama the firstimitation
of the reality. And also.Now, I am a poet. Copied the copy, twice removed from reality. Literature is the
shadow. Itis the shadow of the shadow. It's twice removed from reality. It's a kind of imagination. Itis
related to the imagination. It's not real. Which one is more important, imagination orthe mind? The
American mind is much more important. The American mind is more fancy. The imaginationis much more
important. It was primary, it was secondary, and so on. Anyway, according toPlato, theOkay, give me your
example. Okay, we have another example. Cookie, for example, cookies moldwhen... For example... If
you make a cookie and you have the mold, the mold is an imitationof the reality. He is an imitation of the
mold. But twice the meaning of the program. Yes,and also it became incomplete according to Plato. It's
not complete. It is not complete. Thatis why he blames or criticizes poetry and supports play. Play
because it is somehow a problem.Only some of them. Some of them. Okay, okay. Diagetic one. Yes. So,
say, Boci is againstthe second copy of the reality. Let me give you another example. We have a
landscape here,for example. Landscape of Mambi Edera.Yeah.Just imagine. We have a landscape.
Right? Just I am an artist and I draw that landscape. Iam a painter. I just want to draw the landscape.
Basha? I do it. Basha? What I did, I copiedthe reality. Reality.Anyway, this is a copy of the real one. This

4
cannot be like the original one.This is the reality. This is not reality. This is not something reality. This is
the shadow.Okay. Copy of copy. Two steps. Oh, the chair that has been made by the carpet. It is usedby
the carpenter, right? It is made by the carpenter. Somebody is coming as a user. Vanya, as a pro-heart-
treat,as a pro-sacred-heart. Right? So you are a user. You have a role. Cabrai, cabrai, carpenteris... is the
creator and he has a role, right? He has a role, the person that comes and sitson the chair. He also has a
kind of role. Why? I can let you have role, too.What's the importance of the description? It's a passive
role. Therefore, according to him,he says he refused. That's how he rejects poetry.Why? The better we
get during that period of time, the other end of our so-called two-hushed.So the society during that period
of time was totally different from the other society. Duringthat period of time, the works of Homa, Vertigo,
Homa, Rwana, very much appreciated. They werevery much interested in the works of Homa, especially,
of course, epics, you know, the myths, thosethings. Therefore, the part of... because he believes that
Thomas Poetry, they were verybad because they were talking about the guts. And the guts were coming
down from the heavenand they were making love with ladies. Or even the male guts, they were making
love with the,what, with the ladies and vice versa. The female goddesses, they were coming and making
lovewith human beings, just like Achilles, again, this is the mythological Troy. Troy, Troy.For example,
Amanan, they are bad. So, according to them, any piece of literature should bedidactic. They are actually
didactic. That is the meaning to give benefit to people. Maqounia,children to be taught. poetry of Verso.
Ma kul nye. Ang tubas iqwaibob, tutuqwaibob, alaqeijensid, rusqidu, legaflan, aflita, wa'in, qibu, amay,
qibu, rusqidu. This is impossible. That'swhy when they say poetry spoils the mind of people, that's the
case. That's why they saythat. And this is emotional. It is related. According to Plato, poetry... poetry,
generallyspeaking, poetry or any piece of literature talks to the heart, the heart of people, ittries to raise
some feelings, yes, emotions. It talks to the emotions of people, some certainsenses of human being to
be restrained. The asasa, originally those senses to be restrained.Menalik, Yahu-Gentik, Talabiki.the
bench. Still, the danger that I mean the children, this is the one here, studying toa beat, I mean, you have
to be a beat, I'm just trying to talk to you. There's some certainfeelings should be restrained, well, I'm just
trying to get restrained, to stimulate theregion. I'm not sure. Correct, is that it? Yes, this is, only one type
of poetry is accepted,which is known as didactic. and the interference of gods even reaches to the stage
sometimesgods are fighting with each other yes when the play comes to a deadlock the god comes
downand solves the problem yeah this is the case according to Plato poetry includes those kindof things
which are not real. The only thing that is accepted according to him is what?Is the didactic one. And we
come now with Shadambeauty. But I'm just Shadambeauty. It's such a wonderfulpoetry. Do you believe
that? And the Shadambeauty, the Anibeeman, when we're going to play theletter, it's such a
Shadambeauty.This is didactic. For example, This is acceptable.according to Plato. Balam awani ka al-
aqiyyiz, something that the things that are relatedto some senses of human being, these are not accepted
according to him and spoils the mindof the people. They are not real, they are imaginative. According to
him, imagination is not real.Imagination, role, zor mu'minia, khayala khayawania, for example, mind is
very important. Right?So this is how according to Plato, those things are accepted.In order to explain the
reality. Yeah. It's didactic. So imagination is only importantonly to explain the reality? Yes. Didactic, to be
didactic. Hoshi Ayam Bakari Masran, theRepublic, he uses…See you next week. should be.And so on,
just only the philosophers, they have the right to rule the country becausephilosophy represents mind,
literature represents what? The heart. Which one should rule? Themind according to him.I do just that
achievacad. Which one can achieve the just? Mind. This is the issue. representswhat philosophy or
philosophy represents the mind, while literature represents the heart,which is the base, the invidia to the
mind. Kawata, according to him, just will not beachieved by the invid. This is that. Kawata, literature
cannot achieve just according tothe mind.There is an exception even in the best. Okay. Let us come to
some important points.We have Aristotle who was the student of...He agrees with him when he defines
poetry. Poetry is the imitation of imitation. Kawata is theliterature according to Plato, is the imitation of
imitation, right? Kawata, so many otherphilosophers and writers believe this is a very precise and
important definition of literatureaccording to them. They say that's true, it is the imitation of the imitation.
But. Forexample, Aristotle does not totally agree with Plato. He believes that imitation is not alwaysbad.
For example, he gives a kind of justification for his point of view. He believes that imitationis useful, it's

5
good. For example, the child. How can a child learn language? Imitating themother. Imitation. How can
we learn? Many things. Why what? Imitation. But I, imitation willnot improve the quality. Imitation does not
improve the quality. No, no, no. I said myhair. So I'm very sorry for that.When they start, how do they
start? They imitate. For example, they start to be fine. Gradually,the quality of the work will be what?
Gradually improved. is not a kind of learning. Now Ihave an imitation of the Arabic, but both the Arabic
and the Arabic will master the language,right? So what about the... Just let us go back to the carpenter.
The carpenter for the firsttime, when he makes the chair, the quality is not very good. And gradually,
through experiences,through imitation, through... So he tries to improve the quality. So I'm just going to
cometo the center of the case. Come on, you need to see the scene. I'm going to tell you. Themashup is
the sali haftakan moshetakan. And you can check on him. And you can see him.I'm not going to tell you
anything. I'm just going to tell you a little bit. For example.Now go. See how it's going to be.For example,
from imitation, accumulation of experiences. Accumulation, you know, accumulationof experiences, and
gradually, such kind of qualities will be produced. For example,You accept those, yeah, no? China has
murdered Bab al-Hariz. Right? You can go on and go toMr. Qad al-Hariz. For example, Bab al-Hariz. And
then, Balaam, is that a sign of green?No, for sure, first with, I don't know, some injection, everything will
be fine. That'sit. Oh, Saratani, you say, my alayah, tassin, go shua, maybe in the future. I am al-
khoyeh,what? It's an imitation. Experiences, experience and imitation. I have improved and added
someinformation to it. And so on. This is the idea. Imitation according to Aristotle is somethinggreat. Yes.
But don't you think that the same that Aristotle talks about is a didactic that.Plato says because it is
something useful. It is not related to the... No, he is not againstthe teacher.He is talking about, for
example, tragedy and committee. He gives us some rules. Not justonly Aristotle, all other critics and
philosophers, they believe that imitation is a good thingto use. But... There are some certain rules
according to which things should be done. Forexample, he talks about tragedy. What's tragedy? It is the
imitation of man in action, an actionwhich is serious. For example, serious one, tragedy. A very severe
tragedy. We have a youngman, a man, an imitation of a man. Or he has some other rules. My point is.
And don't youthink that Aristotle also remains in the sight of Plato in this moment? Of course, that
didacticthought is very important. I have to say, there is something we have to distinguish. Accordingto
Plato, anything related to the senses is something that... anything related to the sensesof human beings,
it is not good. Which senses? Sense, the five senses. The five senses. Yes.For example, emotion,
emotional. Something which is emotional, it's not good. Balanfour, Aristotle,no. Something good. But
Axel, the Pied-D'Aulet, a bit emotional. The Pied-D'Aulet tragedy shouldevoke the emotion of the
audience. Axel. Do you think? To show, to be real. Give you thecut picture of. It should be the truth.
Petalic and tragic. The one who has tragic, the onewho... Anybody who can arise, the pity, a hard feeling
of pity, and the people are not tragic.I get... According to Plato, feelings, emotions are not good. It's
excluded. I've shown. Balaamfor Aristotle, no.But what is your language? I am not sure.You see, it's a
kind of what, spontaneous, or virtual, or feeling re-elected in the trachea.Ah ha, subjective, it is related to
the feeling of the person, right? Kawata, it is important,feeling is very important. If I should have a
Janukwai Dodo.The senses, right? How can I find the reality without the senses? This is something
hard.How can I know this is hard? I have to see it, right? Kawata?The senses, the heart, the feeling and
the mind, they are very important for knowing, for findingthe truth, the reality. So what we have to do, we
have to find the truth in order to achievejustice. This is the idea Plato means. Is it clear? Yes. Do you
have any addition, if youhave anything to say, to ask anything, please go ahead.About anything. Okay.
About the slides. Do you send us the slides? Slides. I'll send you thecourse and you are responsible.
Okay. Slide. You have to prepare slides. I told them onthe presentation. I have four slides. I have to
prepare slides.I will help you while you present. Any question? This is your edition.So, you are free.
Thanks.