Mathematics Department

College of Science
Salahaddin University

Banach Space 𝐨𝐧 Ɩ∞

Prepared By
Goran Khasro Sabah

Supervised By
Mr.Darawan

Forth Year
2023-2024

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 Introduction

ℓ∞ is a Banach space comprising bounded

sequences of real or complex numbers, and it
is equipped with the supremum norm (||a||∞).
It is complete, ensuring that all Cauchy
sequences have limits within the space,
making it a fundamental concept in functional
analysis and mathematics.

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Banach space on (Ɩ∞ , ‖. ‖) where ‖𝒙‖=sup|𝒙𝒊 | ∀𝑥=(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … … ) ∈ Ɩ∞

1. Normed Space
1. ‖𝒙‖ ≥ 𝟎
‖𝒙‖=sup{|𝒙𝟏 | ,|𝒙𝟐 | , … … … … … . . } ∀𝑥=(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … … ) ∈ Ɩ∞
|𝒙𝒊 | ≥ 𝟎 ∀𝑖 = 1,2,3, … … … … …
sup{|𝒙𝟏 | ,|𝒙𝟐 | , … … … … … . . } ≥ 𝟎
‖𝒙‖ ≥ 𝟎
2. ‖𝒙‖ = 𝟎 ↔ x=0
‖𝒙‖ = 𝟎 ↔ sup{|𝒙𝟏 | ,|𝒙𝟐 | , … … … … … . . } = 𝟎
↔ |𝒙𝟏 |, |𝒙𝟐 | , … … … … ….=0
↔ 𝒙 = (𝒙𝟏 , 𝒙𝟐 , … … … … … . . ) = (𝟎, 𝟎, … … … … … . . ) = 𝟎
↔𝒙=𝟎
3. ‖𝒙 + 𝒚‖ ≤ ‖𝒙‖ + ‖𝒚‖ ∀𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ Ɩ∞ 𝑥=(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … … ) , 𝑦=(𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , … … … )
‖𝒙 + 𝒚‖ = ‖(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … … ) + (𝑦1 , 𝑦2 , … … … )‖
‖𝒙 + 𝒚‖ = ‖(𝑥1 + 𝑦1 ), (𝑥2 + 𝑦2 ), . . . . . . . . . ‖
=sup{|𝑥1 + 𝑦1 |, |𝑥2 + 𝑦2 |, . . . . . . . .. . }
≤sup{|𝑥1 | +|𝑦1 |,|𝑥1 | +|𝒚𝟐 |,………. . }
= sup{|𝑥1 |,|𝑥2 |,. . . . . . . . . . }+{|𝑦1 |,|𝑦2 |,. . . . . . . . . . }
≤ sup{|𝑥1 |,|𝑥2 |,. . . . . . . . . . } + 𝐬𝐮𝐩{|𝑦1 |,|𝑦2 |,. . . . . . . . . . }
‖𝒙 + 𝒚‖ ≤ ‖𝒙‖ + ‖𝒚‖
4. ‖𝛼𝒙‖ = |𝛼|‖𝑥‖
‖𝛼𝒙‖ = 𝒔𝒖𝒑{|𝛼𝑥1 |, |𝛼𝑥2 |, . . . . . . . . . . . . . }
=sup{|𝛼||𝑥1 |, |𝛼||𝑥2 |, . . . . . . . . . . . . }
=sup{|𝛼|(|𝑥1 |, |𝑥2 |, . . . . . . . . . . . . . }
=|𝛼|𝑠𝑢𝑝{|𝑥1 |, |𝑥2 |, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . }
‖𝛼𝒙‖ =|𝛼|‖𝑥‖
Ɩ∞ 𝒊𝒔 𝑵𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒆𝒅 𝑺𝒑𝒂𝒄𝒆

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Banach space on (Ɩ∞ , ‖. ‖) where ‖𝒙‖=sup|𝒙𝒊 | ∀𝑥=(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , … … … ) ∈ Ɩ∞

2.Complete Space
Let < 𝑥𝑚 > be a cauchy sequence in Ɩ∞
To prove ∃𝑥 ∈ Ɩ∞ 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 < 𝑥𝑚 > → x
< 𝑥𝑚 >=< 𝑥1, 𝑥2, , . . . . . . . . . . . 𝑥𝑚, . . . . . . > , ∀𝑥𝑖 ∈ Ɩ∞

𝑥𝑚 =(𝑥𝑚1 , 𝑥𝑚2 ,………, 𝑥𝑚𝑛 ,……) ∈ Ɩ∞

𝑥𝑗 =( 𝑥𝑗1 , 𝑥𝑗2 ,…….., 𝑥𝑗𝑛 ,……...) ∈ Ɩ∞

So < 𝑥𝑚 > c𝑎𝑢𝑐ℎ𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒

∀𝜀 > 0 , ∃𝑘 ∈ ℤ such that ‖𝑥𝑚 + 𝑥𝑗 ‖ < 𝜀 ∀m,j > 𝑘

‖𝑥𝑚 + 𝑥𝑗 ‖ < 𝜀

sup{|𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑗𝑖 |} < 𝜀 ∀mi, ji > 𝑘𝑖 ∀𝑖 = 1,2, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

⇒ |𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑗𝑖 | < 𝜀

So < 𝑥𝑚𝑖 > Cauchy sequence in F and (F, |. |) complete space

∃𝑥𝑖 ∈ 𝐹 such that < 𝑥𝑚𝑖 > → 𝑥𝑖 ∀𝑖
∀𝜀 > 0 , ∃ 𝑘𝑖 ∈ ℤ+ such that |𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖 | < 𝜀 , ∀mi > 𝑘𝑖 ∀𝑖 ̇
⇒ |𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖 | < 𝜀 , ∀mi > 𝑘𝑖 ∀𝑖 ̇
⇒ 𝑠𝑢𝑝 |𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖 | < 𝜀
⇒ |𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖 | < 𝜀 , ∀mi > 𝑚𝑎𝑥{𝑘1 , 𝑘2 , 𝑘3 , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . }
< 𝑥𝑚 > → 𝑥
X=(𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 ,…………..) 𝑋𝑖 ∈ 𝐹 , ∀𝑖 = 1,2, … … …
Since < 𝑥𝑚 > ∈ Ɩ∞ 𝑥𝑚 =(𝑥𝑚1 , 𝑥𝑚2 ,…………) 𝑥𝑚𝑖 ∈ 𝐹 ∀i
⇒ ∃𝑘𝑚 ∈ ℝ+ such that |𝑥𝑚𝑖 | < 𝑘𝑚 ∀𝑖 = 1,2, … … …
𝑋𝑖 = (𝑋𝑖 − 𝑥𝑚𝑖 ) + 𝑥𝑚𝑖
|𝑋𝑖 | ≤ |(𝑥𝑚𝑖 − 𝑥𝑖 )|+|𝑥𝑚𝑖 | < 𝜀 + 𝑘𝑚
⇒ |𝑋𝑖 | < 𝜀 + 𝑘𝑚
So x ∈ Ɩ∞
< 𝑥𝑚 > → 𝑥 ∈ Ɩ∞
So (Ɩ∞ , ‖. ‖) complet space

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