Charles Robert Darwin is known as the Father of Evolution.

He
proposed the Theory of Natural Selection. The theory of natural
selection is the process where organisms with favorable traits are
more likely to reproduce. In doing so, they pass on these traits to the
next generation. Over time this process allows organisms to adapt to
their environment.

Darwin’s concept of natural selection can be summed up into five (5)

major ideas :
(Pero we would only be discussing the two (2) major ideas muna)

1. Organisms struggle to survive to avoid extinction.

If organisms continue to reproduce, there would not be

enough resources for a population of organisms to survive in a
particular area. Thus, all organisms will struggle for the acquisition
of these limited resources. Competition occurs among
individuals and only those that are the fittest will survive .

Because of this, organisms are compelled to change to make

themselves fit to survive. If they fail to do so, they will become
instinct. At other times, changes in species over time can lead to
new species, a process called Speciation. It is the rise of two or
more species from one existing species. Indirectly, speciation can
give rise to a new genus of organisms.
Additional Information :

There are 2 TYPES OF COMPETITION

1. Intraspecific Competition
Occurs between members of the same species. Example, two male birds of the same species
might compete for mates in the same area.

2. Interspecific Competition
Occurs between members of different species. Example, lions and leopards competing for
the same prey.

Prey

There is also another aspect of competition that can be applied to scenarios of limited
resources, and that is the idea of direct and indirect competition.

1. Direct Competition
In direct competition, the species interact with each other and directly
influence the resources available in the ecosystem. For example, the giraffes
compete when the leaves become scarce.

2. Indirect Competition
In indirect competition, the species do not interact, but they influence
the available resources. Example, cheetahs and leopards using the same
waterhole in a grassland.

Note : Direct and indirect competition can be observed in both interspecific as

well as intraspecific competition.
 2. Organisms vary in their physical, functional, and behavioral
characteristics.

- Variation of an organism allows a specific kind of species to survive

more than the other members. Example, moths of the same species
with different color wings. Moths with wings similar to the color of tree
bark are better able to camouflage themselves than moths of a different
color. As a result, the tree-colored moths are more likely to survive,
reproduce, and pass on their genes.

Summary
Charles Robert Darwin - the Father of Evolution. He proposed the Theory of
Natural Selection.

Theory of Natural Selection - is the process where organisms with favorable traits
are more likely to reproduce.

Two (2) major ideas of Natural Selection :

- Organisms struggle to survive to avoid extinction. (Dito under ang

COMPETITION and SPECIATION)
- Organisms vary in their physical, functional, and behavioral
characteristics.

Competition - occurs among individuals and only those that are the fittest will
survive.

Speciation - changes in species over time can lead to new species. It is the rise of
two or more species from one existing species.
Intraspecific Competition - occurs between members of the same species.
(Labanan ng parehas ang lahi)

Interspecific Competition - occurs between members of different species.

(Labanan ng hindi parehas ang lahi)

Direct Competition - the species interact with each other and directly influence
the resources available in the ecosystem. (May pisikal na labanan na nangyayari)

Indirect Competition - the species do not interact, but they influence the
available resources. (Walang pisikal na labanan na nangyayari, pero andon yung
tension kumbaga)

Quiz will be given this week, either Monday or Tuesday. PLEASE STUDY.

GOD BLESS!