DIFFERENTIATION 1/11

D I F F E R E N T I A T I O N
Important formulas of differentiation:
d n d  1  n
1. ( x ) = n. x n-1 2.  
dx dx  x n  x n 1

d 1 1 d 1
3.  =  2 4. ( x) 
dx  x  x dx 2 x
d  1  1 d
5.   =  6. ( ) = 0
dx  x  2 x3/ 2 dx

d x d x
7. (e ) = e x 8. (a ) = a x log a
dx dx
d 1 d 1
9. (log x ) = 10. (log a x ) =
dx x dx x. log a.
d d
11. ( Sin x) = Cos x 12. (Cos x) = - Sin x
dx dx
d d
13. (tan x ) = sec 2 x 14. (Co sec x) = - Cosec x. Cot x
dx dx
d d
15. ( Sec x) = Sec x. tan x 16. (Cot x ) = - Cosec2 x
dx dx
d 1 d 1
17. ( Sin 1 x) = 18. (Cos 1 x) =
dx 1 x2 dx 1 x2
d 1 d 1
19. (tan 1 x ) = 20. (Co sec 1 x ) =
dx 1 x2 dx x x2 1
d 1 d 1
21. ( Sec 1 x) = 22. (Cot 1 x ) =
dx x x2 1 dx 1 x2

d d
23. (log( Sin x )) = cot x 24. (log(cos x )) = - tan x
dx dx
Algebra of differentiation

1.
d
k. f x  = k. d f (x) 2. d  f x   g x   d f (x)  d g (x)
dx dx dx dx dx
Important formulas / conversions / substitutions
1. Sin 2 x = 2 sin x. Cos x = 2 tan x / ( 1  tan 2 x)
1  tan 2 x
2. Cos 2 x = Cos 2 x - Sin 2 x = 2 Cos 2 x -1 = 1 – 2 Sin 2 x =
1  tan 2 x
2 tan x 3 tan x  tan 3 x
3. tan 2 x = 4. tan 3 x =
1  tan 2 x 1  3 tan 2 x
DIFFERENTIATION 2/11
5. Sin 3x = 3 Sin x – 4 Sin 3 x 6.Cos 3x = 4 Cos 3 x – 3 Cos x
7. 1 + Cos (m x) = 2 Cos 2 (m x)/2; 8. 1 – Cos mx = 2 Sin 2 (mx)/2
9. tan (450  x) = (1  tan x) / (1  tan x ) = (Cos x  Sin x) / (Cos x  Sin x)
CD CD
10. SinC  SinD  2Cos .Sin
2 2
CD CD CD DC
Cos C  CosD  2Sin .Sin  2Sin .Sin
2 2 2 2
 3x  x 
   
3
11. 3 tan 1 x  tan 1  2 
 ; 3 sin 1 x  sin 1 3x  4 x 3 ; 3 cos 1 x  cos 1 4 x 3  3x
 1  3x 
12. Important Substitutions:
1. For a 2  x 2 Put x = a Sin  ; For 1  x 2 Put x = Sin 
2. For a 2  x 2 , Put x = a tan  ; For 1  x2 , Put x = tan 
3. For x 2  a 2 Put x = a Cosec  ; For x 2  1 Put x = Cosec 
4. For a  x / a  x Put x = a Cos  ; For 1  x / 1  x Put x = Cos 
Derivative of product of functions (Product Rule):
d
 f ( x).g ( x) = f ( x). d g ( x) + g ( x). d f ( x)
dx dx dx
Derivative of quotient of functions (Quotient Rule):
d d
g ( x). f ( x)  f ( x). g ( x)
d  f ( x)  dx dx

dx  g ( x)  g ( x)2

Derivative of composite of functions (Chain Rule):

d
 fog ( x)  d  f g ( x)  f g ( x).g ( x)
dx dx
Derivative of implicit functions: A function f(x, y) of two variables X and y is called implicit if x
and y are jumbled in such a way that it is not possible to write y in terms of x.
To find dy/dx, differentiate the function with respect to x taking care of the fact that
d d ( g ) dy
g ( y)  .
dx dx dx
Logarithmic differentiation: This method is used when variables x and y or both are given in
exponential of a individual function in multiplication.
In this method take logarithm of both the sides, simplify and take the derivative with
respect to x both sides.
Differentiation of parametric function: When x and y are given in terms of another variable ‘t’ or
‘  ’ etc. function is said to be in parametric form.
dy dy dx dy dy dt
To get first get , and use = .
dx dt dt dx dt dx
ASSIGNMENT (DIFFERENTIATION)
1 2 4 1
1) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2 x (6) 2 e x (7)
x2 x x 3
2 x
1 1
log x (8) 2. 3 x (9) 5 log x + tan x - + 1 (10) sin 1 x  (11) – 2 cot x sinx + 4 tan x cos x
x sin x
DIFFERENTIATION 3/11
2 4 3 1 1
(12) + - (13) 3sec1 x  4 cos 1 x  (14) 3 x 2 + + 3
x4 + e x + 2
sin x cos x cot x cot x x2
x  x  1
3
1 1  1 
(15) x- + x - + log 2x (16)  x  2  (17) x ( 1+ x ) 3
(18)
x x  x  2x

(19)
 3x 2

 2  x  5
(20) If y = 3 x 4 +6 x 3 + 2 x 2 + 7x + 1 find
dy
at x = 1.
3
x dx
2) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) x 3 cos x (2) x log x (3) ( x 2 + x ) e x (4) sinx . tan x (5) x2 cos -1 x
1
(6) x 4 sin x 4 x (7) sin -1 x cos x (8) x 4 sin x + e x tan x (9) ( x log x + a x ). (x 2 e x + log x)
x
(10) ( x sin x + cos x) ( x cos x – sin x) (11) sinx. Cos x (12) ( x 2 + 1) tan -1 x
2 2
(13) ( x + 1) ( 3 x ) ( 7x + 2) 2
(14) x sec x + e cos x x
(15) x 3 cosec x – x sin x
(16)( x 2 cos x + e x ) ( e x + x sin x) (17) (x log x + x 3 ) (18) x 4 e x + 2 log x
4 x
(19) ( sin x - x cos x) ( cos x + x sin x) (20) x sin x 4
sin x 1  ex 1  sin x 2 x cos x x3 sin x
3) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) 3 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
x 1  ex 1  sin x 2 x 1 x ex
cos x e x 1  cos x e x  cos x tan x  sec x x 2 cos x
(8) (9) (10) (11) (12)
x2  1 1  cos x x  sin x tan x  sec x 1 x
x2  1 1  sin x x 2 cos x  x x cos x  sin x cos x
(13) (14) 2 (15) (16)
x sin x x cos x x  x log x x sin x  cos x log x
1 1
4) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) (3x + 1)5 (2) x2  2 x  3 (3) (4) (5)
 
3
3x 2  1 2  5x 2

(6)  x 3  x  1 (7)
3 1 1
cos3 (2 x  1)3 3x  x2 (8) (9) (10) 3
x2  1
4  x
2 2
7x
1
(11) (12) cos 5x (13) sin x 3 (14) cot x 2 ( 15) sec x (16) tan ( log x)
 
1/ 5
3x  x 2

x
(17) cos ec (18) tan 3x (19) cos 1 4x (20) sin 1 2x (21) e 3x (22) log 7x (23) e 2x + 1
2
(24) cos x 3 (25) cot 5x (26) log ( 1- x 3 ) (27) cos log x (28) log sin x (29)
( log x ) 2 (30) ( sin -1 x ) 3 (31) sec 2 x (32) sin3 x (33) e x (34)
e x  e x
log log x 2 (35) cos 3x sin 2x (36) cos ( x 3 e x ) (37) e -x
(38) x  x
e e
1  x2 1  sin x 1  cos x
(39) (40) (41) (42) (x + 1  x2 ) (43) log (x + 1  x2 )
1  x2 1  sin x 1  cos x
e2 x  e2 x
(44) log ( x 2 +1) (45) sec1 x (46) log ( sin x 3 ) (47) tan x 2 (48)
e2 x  e2 x
a2  x2 sec x  1 ax  ax
(49) (50) (51) (52) cos 1 x (53) sin (x 2 +5)
a2  x2 sec x  1 ax  ax
sin  ax  b 
(54) cos ( sin x) (55) sin ( ax + b) (56) sec ( tan x ) (57) (58) cos x 3 . sin x 5
cos(cx  d )
DIFFERENTIATION 4/11

(59) sin 2 x 5 (60)  

cot x 2 (61) sin ( cos x 2) (62) sin ( tan -1 e x) (63) log ( cos e x )
(64) cos (log x + e x ) (65) cos -1 ( e x )
5) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) x 4 + y 4 = a 2 xy (2) x 3/2 + y 3/2 = x 2 (3) sinx + y 2 = x 2
2 x
(4) sin x + 2 cos x + x y = 0 (5) xy + x e + x sin y = 0 (6) cos ( xy) = x
x
(7) x + y = sin ( x + y ) (8) x 2/ 3  y 2/ 3  a 2/ 3 (9) sin( xy )   x 2  y
y
 y
(10) tan ( x + y ) + tan ( x – y ) = 1 (11) Sin ( x + y ) = x 2
(12) log x 2  y 2  tann 1  
+y2
x
dy  x2  y 2  dy x 1  tan a 
(13) If 2 x  2 y  2 x  y , show that  2 y  x (14) If tan 1  2 2 
 a , show that 
dx x y  dx y 1  tan a 
1  cos x  1  cos x  1  cos x  sin x 
6) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) tan 1 (2) tan 1   (3) tan  
1  cos x  sin x   cos x  sin x 
 2 tan x  1  1  tan x 
2
(4) sin 1   (5) cos   (6) tan 1 (tan x  sec x)
 1  tan x   1  tan x 
2 2

 1  sin x  1  sin x  1  2 x  1  1  x 
2
 2x 
(7) cot 1   (8) sin  2 
(9) sin  2 
(10) cos 1  2 
 1  sin x  1  sin x   1 x   1 x   1 x 
 1  x2  1 
  1  1  x 
2
1 1
(11) tan 1 x  x
2
(12) tan   (13) cos  2 
 x   1 x 
 
 1 x  1 x 
(14) tan 1 
  

 6x 
(15) tan 1 
 1  8 x 2 

(16) sin 1 (3x  4 x3 ) (17) sin 1 x x  
 1 x 1 x 
1
7) Differentiate w.r. to x (1) x x (2) x cos x (3) (sin x) x (4) x sin x
(5) (log x) x (6) x sin x
1
1
(7) x log x (8) (tan x)log x (9) (tan x)1/ x (10) ( x) x
(11) ( x ) x (12) sin ( x x )
(13) y = x log x
+ ( log x ) x (14) y = (sin x) x + (x ) sin x (15) y = (cot x) tan x + (x ) tan x
x2  1 2
(16) y = ( x) x cos x + (17) y = ( x cos x) x + ( x sin x)1/ x (18) y = ( x) tan x + tan 2 x
x 1
 x  3  x 2  4   x  1 x  2
(19) (20) (21) cos x . cos 2x . cos 3x
3x  4 x  5
2
 x  3 x  4 x  5
(22) y x + x y
+x x
=ab (23) ( log x ) cos x
(24) x x
–2 sin x
(25) ( x + 3) 2 ( x + 4) 3 ( x + 5) 4
x  1
 1  x 
(26)  x    x  x  (27) (sin x) x + sin 1 x (28) x y
+y x=1 (29) y x = x y
 x
(32)  5 x  (33)  log x 
x–y 3cos 2 x log x
(30) ( cos x) y = ( cos y )x (31) xy = e

(34)  sin x  cos x    x  3

(sin x  cos x ) 3 x2
(35) x x  x a  a a  a a (36) x x
2

dy
8) Find (1) x = sin 2 , y = 2 cos (2) x = a cos3  , y = a sin 3  (3) x = sin 2 , y = cos 2
dx
(4) x = a cos3  , y = a sin 3  (5) x = a(cos    sin  ) , y = a(sin    cos  )
1 t2 2t
(6) x = a t 2 , y = 2 a t (7) x = a (1  cos  ) , y = a(  sin  ) (8) x = ,y=
1 t 2
1 t2