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 Discussants & their Topic

POLYA'S 4-
INDUCTIVE & PROBLEM
STEPS IN
DEDUCTIVE SOLVING WITH
PROBLEM
REASONING PATTERNS
CILLO & QUIMSING ADOR & MACABUTAS
SOLVING
CONSAD
Learning Objectives
At the end of the chapter the students
are expected to:

01 — Apply inductive and deductive reasoning to

solve problems.

02 — Solve problems involving patterns and

recreational problems following polya's strategy.

03 — Organize one's method and

approaches for proving and solving
problems.
I D U C T I V E
N
REASONING
It is the process of reaching a general conclusion
by examining specific observation

Specific General
CONJECTURE
the conclusion formed in inductive reasoning
are unproven statements which means it may or
may not be true

EXAMPLE #1:
Premise 1: Clark is a grandfather
Premise 2: Clark is bald
Conjecture/Conclusion: All grandfathers are bald
EXAMPLE #2:
EXAMPLE #2:
EXAMPLE #3:
3. Write a conjecture that describes the pattern 3, 6, 9, 12.
Conjecture: The numbers are multiples of 3

4. Make a conjecture about the sum of an odd number and an

even number.

1 + 2= 3 each answer is odd

3 + 4= 7
Conjecture: The sum of an odd and
5 + 10= 15
even number is odd.
D D U C T I V E
E
REASONING
It is the process of reaching a logical conclusion by
using facts, rules, definitions, or properties.

General Specific
EXAMPLE #1:
Premise 1: All the teachers are nice.
Premise 2: Sir Amigo is a teacher.
Conclusion: Therefore, Sir Amigo is nice.

EXAMPLE #2:
Premise 1: All humans are mortals.
Premise 2: Davis is a human.
Conclusion: Therefore, Davies is mortal.
EXAMPLE #3:
If M is the midpoint of a segment, then it divides the
segment into two congruent segments.

M is the midpoint of AB

You can conclude that M divides AB into

two congruent segments or AM = MB
EXAMPLE #4:
Each of the four neighbors, Sean, Maria, Sarah, and
Brian, has a different occupation (editor, banker, chef,
or dentist). From the following clues, determine the
occupation of each neighbor.

1. Maria gets home from work after the banker

but before the dentist.
2. Sarah, who is the last to get home from work,
is not the editor.
3. The dentist and Sarah leave for work at the
same time.
4. The banker lives next door to Brian
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
SOLVING LOGIC PROBLEMS USING
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
(1) Maria gets
home from work EDITOR BANKER CHEF DENTIST
after the banker
but before the
dentist. SEAN
(2) Sarah, who is
the last to get
home from work,
is not the editor. MARIA
(3) The dentist
and Sarah leave
for work at the SARAH
same time.
(4) The banker
lives next door to
Brian BRIAN
 First 5 odd numbers:
1, 3, 5, 7, 9

All natural even numbers:

2, 4 , 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, ...
 Patterns and Sequences. Patterns refer to usual types
of procedures or rules that can be followed. Patterns are useful
to predict what came before or what might. come after a set
a numbers that are arranged in a particular order. This
arrangement
of numbers is called a sequence.
An arithmetic sequence is an ordered set of numbers
that have a common difference between each
consecutive term.

It is the difference between every pair of consecutive

terms in a sequence is the same.
In algebra, a harmonic sequence, sometimes called a harmonic progression, is
a sequence of numbers such that the difference between the reciprocals of
any two consecutive terms is constant. In other words, a harmonic sequence is
formed by taking the reciprocals of every term in an arithmetic sequence.
A geometric sequence (geometric progression)
is an ordered set of numbers that progresses by
multiplying or dividing each term by a common ratio

The common ratio is the number you multiply

or divide by at each stage of the sequence.
This is a representation of the classic
Fibonacci problem of reproducing
rabbits. The problem of how many
pairs of rabbits will you have after 1
year if you start with 1 pair and they
each take 1 month to mature and
produce 1 other pair each month
afterwards is illustrated through a
calendar.
Polya's
Strategy 1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.

2.
1.
2.
K E N K E N
K E N K E N
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T H A N K

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