MARRAKECH, MOROCCO

BEEGUM ANSA S S

M1 M. PL AN
INTRODUCTION
Location:
Marrakech is located in the western part of Morocco, in North Africa. It is
situated at the foothills of the Atlas Mountains.
Area:
The city of Marrakech covers an area of approximately 230 square
kilometers (89 square miles).
Demography:
Marrakech had a population of around 1.1 million people.
Government:
Marrakech is part of Morocco and is governed within the framework of
Morocco's constitutional monarchy. The city has a local government
structure with a mayor and city council responsible for local
administration.
Fig 2. Location Map
FUNCTIONAL CHARACTER
Marrakech is often referred to as the "Red City" due to the color of its historic buildings and walls. It is a major
cultural and tourist hub in Morocco. The city's functional character is multifaceted:
1. Tourism: Marrakech is a top tourist destination, known for its historic medina (old city), palaces, gardens, and
vibrant souks (markets). Visitors come to experience its rich history, architecture, and cultural heritage.
2. Trade and Commerce: The city has a bustling marketplace where artisans sell traditional crafts, textiles, and
spices. It has also become a center for modern commerce, with various businesses catering to tourists and locals.
3. Culture and Arts: Marrakech is known for its vibrant arts scene, including music, dance, and traditional
Moroccan cuisine. It hosts various festivals and cultural events throughout the year.
4. Historic Sites: Marrakech is home to iconic historic sites like the Koutoubia Mosque, Saadian Tombs, and the
Bahia Palace, showcasing its historical significance.
5. Education and Research: The city has universities and institutions focused on education and research.
6. Agriculture: Agriculture plays a role in the region's economy, with the surrounding area known for its
cultivation of olives, citrus fruits, and date palms.
EVOLUTION
1. Foundation (11th Century):

- Marrakech was founded by the Almoravid dynasty in 1062, establishing it as the capital of their empire.

- The city's layout and architecture were influenced by Islamic and North African design, with the construction of the
Koutoubia Mosque and city walls.
2. Almohad Period (12th-13th Centuries):
- The Almohad dynasty took control of Marrakech in the 12th century and made significant additions to the city's
fortifications, including the construction of the city's iconic red walls.
- The city became a center for Islamic scholarship and culture during this period.

3. Merind and Saadian Dynasties (14th-16th Centuries):

- The Merinid and Saadian dynasties ruled over Marrakech, and the city continued to flourish culturally and
architecturally.

- Notable landmarks like the Saadian Tombs and Bahia Palace were constructed during this time.
EVOLUTION
4. Decline and Rise (17th-19th Centuries):
- Marrakech experienced a period of decline in the 17th century but later saw a resurgence under the rule
of the Alaouite dynasty.
- The city remained a hub of trade, culture, and arts during this era.
5. Colonial Era (20th Century):
- Morocco became a French and Spanish protectorate in the early 20th century, leading to changes in the
governance and urban development of Marrakech.
- Modern infrastructure, including roads and utilities, began to shape the city.
EVOLUTION
6. Independence and Modernization (Mid-20th Century):
- Morocco gained independence from colonial rule in 1956, leading to
further urban development and modernization efforts in Marrakech.
- The city expanded beyond its historic walls, with the development of
new neighborhoods and infrastructure.
7. Tourism Boom (Late 20th Century - Present):
- Marrakech experienced a significant tourism boom, drawing visitors
from around the world.
- The medina's historic significance and the city's cultural heritage
played a major role in its popularity.
- The city continues to evolve as a major tourist destination, with a
focus on preserving its cultural heritage while adapting to modern
demands.

Fig 3. Land Use Map

PRESENT ISSUES OF THE CITY
1. Over-Tourism:
- Marrakech is a popular tourist destination, and the city has faced challenges related to over-tourism. This
includes crowded streets, increased waste, and pressure on historic sites and infrastructure.
2. Traffic Congestion:
- The city has experienced growing traffic congestion, especially during peak tourist seasons. This can
impact both local residents and visitors.
PRESENT ISSUES OF THE CITY
4. Water Scarcity:
- Water scarcity is a concern in Marrakech due to its semi-arid climate. Managing water resources for both
residents and agriculture is a critical issue.
5. Preservation of Cultural Heritage:
- Balancing the preservation of Marrakech's historic and cultural heritage with the demands of
modernization and development remains a challenge.
6. Housing and Urbanization:
- Rapid urbanization has led to issues related to housing affordability, particularly in the expanding suburbs
of the city.
PRESENT ISSUES OF THE CITY
7. Environmental Sustainability:
- The city is taking steps to address environmental sustainability, including waste management and
pollution control.
8.Social Inequality:
- Socioeconomic disparities exist in Marrakech, with some residents benefiting from tourism-related
opportunities while others face challenges in accessing education and healthcare.
9. Education and Workforce Development:
- Improving access to quality education and workforce development opportunities is a priority for the city
to ensure a skilled and diverse workforce.
10. Security and Safety:
- Ensuring the safety and security of residents and tourists is an ongoing concern for city authorities.