ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS DMCU 2052

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (FKM)

TUTORIAL (CHAPTER 1)

Functions with two and three variables:

1. Find the values at the given point and determine the domain and range of the following
functions:
a) f x, y   y x 2  1,  1,0.5
ANSWER: f  1,0.5  0; D f  x, y  :  x, y   , x 2  1, R f   f x, y  : f  x, y   
b) f x, y   2xy  x 2  y 2 , 1,1
ANSWER: f 1,1  0; D f  x, y  : x, y   , R f   f x, y  : f x, y   
c) f x, y   1  cos xy 2 ,  ,1
ANSWER: f  ,1  2; D f  x, y  : x, y   , R f   f x, y  : 0  f x, y   2

f  x, y    2,2
1
d) ,
x y
3

f  2,2    ; D f   x, y  :  x, y   , x 3  y,
1
ANSWER: 10
R f   f  x, y  : f x, y   
e) 
f x, y   ln x 2 y 2  5 ,   1,3
ANSWER:
f  1,3  ln 4; D f 
 x, y  : x, y   , xy  5 or xy   5 , 
R f   f x, y  : f x, y   
f) f x, y, z   e  x y  z  , 2,3,2
f 2,3,2  e 1 ; D f  x, y, z  : x, y, z   ,
ANSWER:
R f   f x, y, z  : f x, y, z  : 0

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f x, y, z   1,4,2
ln xy
g) ,
ln z
f 1,4,2  2; D f  x, y, z  : x, y, z   , xy  0,0  z  1 or z  1,
ANSWER:
R f   f x, y, z  : f x, y, z  : 

h) 
f x, y, z   16  x 2  y 2  z 2 ,  2,2,2
f 2,2,2  2; D f  x, y, z  : x, y, z   , 0  x 2  y 2  z 2  16,
ANSWER:
R f   f x, y, z  : 0  f x, y, z   4

2. Sketch the contour curve and sketch its graph of the functions given below:
a) f x, y   x 2  y 2  1, k  0,3,6

ANSWER:
b) f  x, y   9  x 2  y 2 , k  0, 5 ,3

ANSWER:
c) f  x, y   2  x  y ,
2 2
k  2,0,2

ANSWER:

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d) f x, y   4 y 2  x 2 , k  0,4,16

ANSWER:
e) f x, y   y ,
2
k  0,1,4

ANSWER:

3. Sketch the level surfaces of the following functions for k  0, 2 :

a) f x, y, z   x  2 y  3z

ANSWER:
b) 
f x, y, z   z  x  y
2 2


ANSWER:

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c) f  x, y , z   x2  y2

ANSWER:
f  x, y , z  
1
d)
x  y2  z2
2

1
ANSWER: k  0 , no level surface; k  2 , a sphere with radius
2

 
4. Describe the level surfaces of f x, y, z   z 2  x 2  y 2 and f x, y, z   x  2  y 2  z 2 for
2

k  0 , k  0 and k  0 ?

Limits and Continuity:

5. Evaluate the following limits:

x2  y2
a) lim
 x , y  1,1  2 xy

ANSWER: 1
2
y
x2 
b) lim 4
 x , y 1, 2  y
x
2
ANSWER: 2
x yz
c) lim
 x , y , z  1, 0.5,1 xyz
ANSWER:  1
x y4
d) lim
 x , y  2, 2  x y 2
ANSWER: 4

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6. Show that the following limits do not exist.

4x 2  3y 2 x2  y2 c) lim
cos xy
a) lim b) lim
 x , y 0, 0  x 2  2 y 2  x , y 0, 0  2 xy  x , y 0 , 0  x2  y2

7. Show that the function is continuous at if

 sinx  y 

f  x, y    x  y
, x, y   0,0

1 , x, y   0,0

8. By using the substitution z  x 2  y 2 , show that f x, y   e  x  y2  is continuous at 0,0 .

2

 x2

9. Show that f x, y    x 2  y 2
, x, y   0,0 is not continuous at the origin.
 0 , x, y   0,0

Partial Derivatives:

10. Find f x , f y , f xx , f yy , f xy and f yx of

a) f x, y   x 2 y  4 y 3  5x  6
ANSWER: f x  2 xy  5, f y  x 2  12 y 2 , f xx  2 y, f yy  24 y, f xy  f yx  2 x

b) 
f x, y   2 xy 2  y 
2

f x  4 y 3 2 xy  1, f y  2 y4 xy  12 xy  1, f xx  8 y 4 ,

ANSWER:
f yy  48x 2 y 2  24xy  2, f xy  f yx  32xy 3  12 y 2
c) f x, y   x  y e x
ANSWER: f x  e x 1  x  y , f y  e x , f xx  e x 2  x  y , f yy  0, f xy  f yx  e x
d)  
f x, y   y ln x 2 y

ANSWER: f x 
2y
x
  2y 1
, f y  ln x 2 y  1, f xx   2 , f yy  , f xy  f yx 
y
2
x
x
e x y
e) f x, y  
x y

ANSWER: f x  f y 
x  y  1e x y , f  f yy  f xy  f yx 
x  y  1  1e 2 x y

x  y 2 xx
x  y 3

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11. Let f x, y   x 2 y  5 y 3 . Find

a) the slope of the surface z  f x, y  in the x –direction at the point 1,2  .
ANSWER:  4
b) the slope of the surface z  f x, y  in the y –direction at the point 1,2  .
ANSWER: 61

12. Find f yxzy x, y, z  of the function f  x, y, z   z 4 e x sin y.

2

ANSWER:  8 xz 3 e x sin y
2

13. Use partial derivatives to find the approximation f if the values of  x, y  or x, y, z  are
changed as stated below:
a) f  x, y   x2  2y2 ; 3,6  3.03,5.97
ANSWER:  0.03
b) f x, y, z   x e ;
2 xyz
1,1,0  0.97,1.04,0.02
ANSWER:  0.04
c) f x, y, z   x  x cos z  y sin z  y; 2,1,0  2.2,0.8,0.2
ANSWER: 0.8

14. Use partial derivatives to find the approximation values.

1
a)
3.92  3.012
2

ANSWER: 0.20232
b) 3.97 42.04  3.97
3

ANSWER: 24.45

15. The length, width and height of a rectangular box are measured to be 4 meter, 3 meter and 6
50
meter, respectively, with a maximum possible error of cm. Estimate the maximum
168
possible error in calculating:
a) the area of the surface
ANSWER: 0.1548m 2
b) the volume of the box
ANSWER: 0.1607m3

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16. According to Poiseuille’s law, the resistance to the flow of blood offered by a cylindrical blood
vessel of radius r and length x is Rr , x   4 for a constant c  0 . A certain blood vessel in
cx
r
the body is 8 cm long and has a radius of 2 mm. Estimate the percentage change in R when x
is increased by 3% and r is decreased by 2% .
ANSWER: 11%

17. The resistance R produced by wiring resistors of R1 and R2 ohms in parallel (see Figure 1)
can be calculated from the formula:
1 1 1
 
R R1 R2

Figure 1

a) Show that
2 2
R  R
dR    dR1    dR2
 R1   R2 
b) You have designed a two-resistor circuit like the one shown in Figure 1 to have
resistances of R1  100 ohms and R2  400 ohms, but there is always some variation
in manufacturing and the resistors will probably not have these exact values. Will the
value of R be more sensitive to variation in R1 or to variation in R2 ? Give reason for
your answer.
ANSWER: The value of R is more sensitive to variation of R1
c) In another circuit shown like Figure 1, you plan to change R1 from 20 to 20.1 ohms
and R2 from 25 to 24.9 ohms. By about what percentage will this change R?
ANSWER: 0.1%

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The Chain Rule & Implicit Differentiation:

z z
18. Use the chain rule to find and for:
x y
a) z  u 2 cos v ; u  x 3 y 2 , v  x 2  y 2
z
x
 
 6 x 5 y 4 cos x 2  y 2  2 x 7 y 4 sin x 2  y 2 ,  
ANSWER:
z
y
 
 4 x 6 y 3 cos x 2  y 2  2 x 6 y 5 sin x 2  y 2  
b) z  uv 2  u 3v ; u  y sin x, v  x cos y
z
x

 y cos y x 2 cos y cos x  3xy 2 sin 2 x cos x  2 x sin x cos y  y 2 sin 3 x , 
ANSWER:
z
y

 x sin x x cos2 y  3 y 2 sin 2 x cos y  2 xy cos y sin y  y 3 sin 2 x sin y 

q
19. Use chain rule to find if:
s
a) q  2x  2 y 2  5z 3 ; x  r  2s  t  3u, y  r  t , z  4s  t  3u
q
 4  60 4s  t  3u 
2
ANSWER:
s
b) q  u  cos v  sin w; u  sin 2 t , v  st, w  5s 2
q
ANSWER:  t sin st  10s cos 5s 2
s
z z
20. Use a chain rule to find the value of and if
r r  2 ,  6  r  2,  6
x

f x, y   xye ; x  r cos , y  r sin .

y

ANSWER:
z
r
 3e 3 ,
z


 24 3 e  3

r  2 ,  6 r  2 ,  6

21. The Celcius temperature in a region in space is given by T x, y, z   2x 2  xyz degree Celcius.
A particle is moving in this region and its position at time t second is given by
x  2t 2 , y  3t , z  t 2 . Determine the change of temperature per second at experienced by
the particle.
ANSWER: 62 degree Celcius/second

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22. Assuming that the following equations define y an implicit function of x and y  f x  , find
dy
for:
dx
a) x 3  2x 2 y  3xy 2  y 3  4

ANSWER:
dy


3x 2  4 xy  3 y 2 
dx  2 x 2  6 xy  3 y 2
b) xy  sin xy  e xy  2
dy y
ANSWER: 
dx x
c) 1  x  y 2  sin xy  0 at 0,1
dy
ANSWER:  1
dx

z z
23. Let z  f x, y  , find and for:
x y
a) x 4 sin y 3  yz  0
z 4 x 3 sin y 3 z 3x 4 y 2 cos y 3  z
ANSWER:  , 
x y y y
b) yz 3  ln yz  x 2 y  y 2 z
 1 
  z 3   x 2  2 yz 
z z
,   
2 xy y
ANSWER: 
x 1 y 1
3 yz 2  y 2  3 yz 2  y 2 
z z
c) e xy  2e xz  3e yz  x 2 yz 3
z  ye xy  2 ze xz  2 xyz 3 z  xe xy  3ze yz  x 2 z 3
ANSWER:  , 
x  2 xe xz  3 ye yz  3x 2 yz 2 y  2 xe xz  3 ye yz  3x 2 yz 2

24. Assuming that the following equations define z an implicit function of x and y and
z z
z  f x, y  , find and for:
x y
a) x 3 z  2 yz 2  3xy 2 z  x 2 y 3  z  4

ANSWER:
z 
3x 2 z  3 y 2 z  2 xy 3 z
 3

, 

 2 z 2  6 xyz  3x 2 y 2 
x x  4 yz  3xy 2  1 y x 3  4 yz  3xy 2  1

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b) x 2 y  x  y 3  e z  xyz  z 2

ANSWER:
z
 z

2 xy  1  yz  , z   x 2  3 y 2  xz 
x e  xy  2 z y e z  xy  2 z
c) sinx  y   sin y  z   sinx  z   0 at  ,  ,  
z z
ANSWER:  1,  1
x y

Local Extrema:

25. Find the local extremum of the following functions:

a) f x, y   2 x 3 y  2x  16 y  5
 1 
ANSWER:   2, ,1 is a saddle point
 12 
f  x, y   e x  y2 4 y
2
b)
 
ANSWER: 0,2, e 4 is a saddle point
c) f x, y   2 y  6xy  x
3 2

ANSWER: 0,0,0 is a saddle point, 9,3,27 is a local maximum point

f  x, y  
1
d)

x  y2 1
2

ANSWER: f 0,0  1 is a local maximum value

26. A termographic detector is used to locate heat in a single core copper wire. After several
readings of the detector are taken, it is determined that the reading at an arbitrary point  x, y 
is given by:
U ( x, t )  t x  x 2  x   x  0, t  0
Determine the time where the reading is largest.
ANSWER: t  1

27. Temperature at a point  x, y  on a circular disk metal plate is T x, y   4x 2  4 xy  y 2 degree

Celcius where x 2  y 2  5 . What are the highest and lowest temperatures can be encountered
on the plate?
ANSWER: 0C,125C

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